O presente trabalho examinará a temática da cooperação jurídica internacional em matéria penal no âmbito das relações Brasil/Estados Unidos. Na primeira parte, será abordada a teoria geral da cooperação jurídica internacional, ocasião em que se analisará o seu histórico, conceito e classificações, elencando-se as suas fontes e fundamentos, bem como os seus princípios basilares para, alfim, estudar-se a cooperação no âmbito da União Européia e do MERCOSUL e, ainda, as redes de cooperação ao redor do mundo. Em seguida, o instituto será estudado nos ordenamentos jurídicos de ambos os países, Brasil e Estados Unidos, cada qual com suas particularidades. O estudo da cooperação jurídica no Brasil envolverá a contextualização histórica do instituto, a análise dos diplomas legais aplicáveis, o estudo das espécies de cooperação e da autoridade central brasileira, e uma breve incursão nas redes de cooperação integradas pelo Brasil e no Anteprojeto de Lei de Cooperação Jurídica Internacional. No âmbito dos Estados Unidos, estudaremos o histórico do instituto, os principais problemas constitucionais enfrentados na utilização da prova produzida no estrangeiro, os Estatutos Federais norte-americanos, as espécies de assistência e os meios coercitivos de obtenção da prova, fazendo ainda uma análise comparativa entre os institutos da letter rogatory e do Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty. Por fim, na parte final do presente trabalho tratar-se-á especificamente da cooperação jurídica no âmbito das relações Brasil/Estados Unidos, analisando-se as outras formas de assistência entre as duas nações, o MLAT Brasil/Estados Unidos e os prós e contras na sua utilização, para, ao final, concentrarmos nossos esforços no polêmico artigo I, item 5, do Decreto n° 3.810/2001 (proibição de utilização, pela defesa, do Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty) e na busca de soluções para tão importante problema. / This paper will examine the matter of international judicial cooperation in criminal matters, between Brazil and the United States. The first part of the paper will study the general theory of international judicial cooperation, analyzing its history, concept and categories, enrolling its sources and foundations as well as the basic principles applicable to the subject, to finally examine judicial cooperation in the ambit of the European Union and MERCOSUL, and the existing judicial networks throughout the world. Following, the issue will be studied within the legal systems of both countries, Brazil and United States, each with its own peculiarities. The study of judicial cooperation within Brazilian legal system will involve the historic background, an analyzis of the laws applicable, the study of the varieties of cooperation and of the Brazilian central authority, as well as a brief incursion in cooperation networks integrated by Brazil, and in the Draft Bill for an International Judicial Cooperation Law. At the United States level, we will study the history of the subject, the main constitutional problems faced in the use of the evidence produced abroad, the American Federal Statutes, the types of assistance and the coercive means of evidence gathering, also making a comparative analyzis between letters rogatory and Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties. Finally, towards the end of the present study, we will specifically address the subject of judicial cooperation between Brazil and the United States, first analyzing the other forms of assistance between both nations, and then focusing in the MLAT between Brazil/United States and its pros and cons, to eventually aim attention at the controversial article I, item 5, of the 3.810/2001 Decree (prohibition of the use, by the defense, of the Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty) and in the search for solutions to such an important matter.

O presente trabalho examinará a temática da cooperação jurídica internacional em matéria penal no âmbito das relações Brasil/Estados Unidos. Na primeira parte, será abordada a teoria geral da cooperação jurídica internacional, ocasião em que se analisará o seu histórico, conceito e classificações, elencando-se as suas fontes e fundamentos, bem como os seus princípios basilares para, alfim, estudar-se a cooperação no âmbito da União Européia e do MERCOSUL e, ainda, as redes de cooperação ao redor do mundo. Em seguida, o instituto será estudado nos ordenamentos jurídicos de ambos os países, Brasil e Estados Unidos, cada qual com suas particularidades. O estudo da cooperação jurídica no Brasil envolverá a contextualização histórica do instituto, a análise dos diplomas legais aplicáveis, o estudo das espécies de cooperação e da autoridade central brasileira, e uma breve incursão nas redes de cooperação integradas pelo Brasil e no Anteprojeto de Lei de Cooperação Jurídica Internacional. No âmbito dos Estados Unidos, estudaremos o histórico do instituto, os principais problemas constitucionais enfrentados na utilização da prova produzida no estrangeiro, os Estatutos Federais norte-americanos, as espécies de assistência e os meios coercitivos de obtenção da prova, fazendo ainda uma análise comparativa entre os institutos da letter rogatory e do Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty. Por fim, na parte final do presente trabalho tratar-se-á especificamente da cooperação jurídica no âmbito das relações Brasil/Estados Unidos, analisando-se as outras formas de assistência entre as duas nações, o MLAT Brasil/Estados Unidos e os prós e contras na sua utilização, para, ao final, concentrarmos nossos esforços no polêmico artigo I, item 5, do Decreto n° 3.810/2001 (proibição de utilização, pela defesa, do Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty) e na busca de soluções para tão importante problema. / This paper will examine the matter of international judicial cooperation in criminal matters, between Brazil and the United States. The first part of the paper will study the general theory of international judicial cooperation, analyzing its history, concept and categories, enrolling its sources and foundations as well as the basic principles applicable to the subject, to finally examine judicial cooperation in the ambit of the European Union and MERCOSUL, and the existing judicial networks throughout the world. Following, the issue will be studied within the legal systems of both countries, Brazil and United States, each with its own peculiarities. The study of judicial cooperation within Brazilian legal system will involve the historic background, an analyzis of the laws applicable, the study of the varieties of cooperation and of the Brazilian central authority, as well as a brief incursion in cooperation networks integrated by Brazil, and in the Draft Bill for an International Judicial Cooperation Law. At the United States level, we will study the history of the subject, the main constitutional problems faced in the use of the evidence produced abroad, the American Federal Statutes, the types of assistance and the coercive means of evidence gathering, also making a comparative analyzis between letters rogatory and Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties. Finally, towards the end of the present study, we will specifically address the subject of judicial cooperation between Brazil and the United States, first analyzing the other forms of assistance between both nations, and then focusing in the MLAT between Brazil/United States and its pros and cons, to eventually aim attention at the controversial article I, item 5, of the 3.810/2001 Decree (prohibition of the use, by the defense, of the Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty) and in the search for solutions to such an important matter.

O presente trabalho examinará a temática da cooperação jurídica internacional em matéria penal no âmbito das relações Brasil/Estados Unidos. Na primeira parte, será abordada a teoria geral da cooperação jurídica internacional, ocasião em que se analisará o seu histórico, conceito e classificações, elencando-se as suas fontes e fundamentos, bem como os seus princípios basilares para, alfim, estudar-se a cooperação no âmbito da União Européia e do MERCOSUL e, ainda, as redes de cooperação ao redor do mundo. Em seguida, o instituto será estudado nos ordenamentos jurídicos de ambos os países, Brasil e Estados Unidos, cada qual com suas particularidades. O estudo da cooperação jurídica no Brasil envolverá a contextualização histórica do instituto, a análise dos diplomas legais aplicáveis, o estudo das espécies de cooperação e da autoridade central brasileira, e uma breve incursão nas redes de cooperação integradas pelo Brasil e no Anteprojeto de Lei de Cooperação Jurídica Internacional. No âmbito dos Estados Unidos, estudaremos o histórico do instituto, os principais problemas constitucionais enfrentados na utilização da prova produzida no estrangeiro, os Estatutos Federais norte-americanos, as espécies de assistência e os meios coercitivos de obtenção da prova, fazendo ainda uma análise comparativa entre os institutos da letter rogatory e do Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty. Por fim, na parte final do presente trabalho tratar-se-á especificamente da cooperação jurídica no âmbito das relações Brasil/Estados Unidos, analisando-se as outras formas de assistência entre as duas nações, o MLAT Brasil/Estados Unidos e os prós e contras na sua utilização, para, ao final, concentrarmos nossos esforços no polêmico artigo I, item 5, do Decreto n° 3.810/2001 (proibição de utilização, pela defesa, do Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty) e na busca de soluções para tão importante problema. / This paper will examine the matter of international judicial cooperation in criminal matters, between Brazil and the United States. The first part of the paper will study the general theory of international judicial cooperation, analyzing its history, concept and categories, enrolling its sources and foundations as well as the basic principles applicable to the subject, to finally examine judicial cooperation in the ambit of the European Union and MERCOSUL, and the existing judicial networks throughout the world. Following, the issue will be studied within the legal systems of both countries, Brazil and United States, each with its own peculiarities. The study of judicial cooperation within Brazilian legal system will involve the historic background, an analyzis of the laws applicable, the study of the varieties of cooperation and of the Brazilian central authority, as well as a brief incursion in cooperation networks integrated by Brazil, and in the Draft Bill for an International Judicial Cooperation Law. At the United States level, we will study the history of the subject, the main constitutional problems faced in the use of the evidence produced abroad, the American Federal Statutes, the types of assistance and the coercive means of evidence gathering, also making a comparative analyzis between letters rogatory and Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties. Finally, towards the end of the present study, we will specifically address the subject of judicial cooperation between Brazil and the United States, first analyzing the other forms of assistance between both nations, and then focusing in the MLAT between Brazil/United States and its pros and cons, to eventually aim attention at the controversial article I, item 5, of the 3.810/2001 Decree (prohibition of the use, by the defense, of the Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty) and in the search for solutions to such an important matter.

Regulation of Extradition Procedure in International Law The subject of research of the thesis is the institute of extradition. The issue of extradition of persons by one state to another state with the purpose of criminal proceedings or imposition or enforcement of a sentence is very topical. Progressing process of globalization and easy ways of travelling enable perpetrators of criminal offences to hide from justice in various states. The extradition plays an important part in extradition of perpetrators of "ordinary" criminal offences as well as it is significantly instrumental in a fight against transnational organized crime, cybercriminality and other forms of transnational crimes. Cooperation of states in extradition of persons is therefore absolutely crucial in a fight against impunity of perpetrators of criminal offences. The extradition law may be divided into a material branch and a formal branch. The material extradition law analyzes conditions for granting the extradition. The formal extradition law represents an overview of procedural measures relating to the commencement of extradition proceedings, its course and its termination. The topic of the thesis is the "Extradition in International law". However, the subject of the thesis itself is narrower. The thesis focuses only on the...

Europeanisation of Criminal Law Summary Throught the use of common adaptation of the basic principles of criminal law in the european dimension there is a possibility to remove an opacity and inefficiency of individual national and international instruments of criminal law so far. This effort can be the best observed in the procedures of the European Community or European Union. It should all happen by harmonizing laws and strengthening cooperation between the European Union member states. Integration of criminal law is pointed to be done in three main directions. First, it affects substantive criminal law by harmonizing particular merits of criminal offences. Second, it already affected criminal procedure by achieving mutual recognition of judicial decisions. The third way of integration is the institutional framework for judicial cooperation in criminal matters, followed-up by institutions of criminal cooperation. Criminal law as a public law is closely related to the state sovereignty. This fact, even today, suspends the opportunity to create sort of unified system of transnational criminal law within the European Union. Moreover, the very concept of criminal law is not clearly established in European law as it is in Czech law. For example, it includes even different illegal dealings than regular...

Le contrôle juridictionnel de la coopération intergouvernementale dans l'Union européenne a longtemps fait difficulté. Initialement, la mise à l'écart du juge a conditionné le recours à cette coopération organisée "dans" l'Union. Pourtant, chaque avancée des traités a entraîné un progrès du juge de l'Union et, dès l'origine, la coopération a donné lieu à la formation d'une jurisprudence significative. La coopération intergouvernementale dans l'Union constitue un terrain privilégié d'investigation, susceptible de contribuer à enrichir l'étude d'un processus, celui de la juridictionnalisation de l'Union. Loin de stériliser cette hypothèse, le traité de Lisbonne l'a confirmée et valorisée. L'analyse de la jurisprudence révèle l'existence d'un modèle de contrôle juridictionnel de la coopération intergouvernementale dans l'Union. Celui-ci repose sur le principe d'un contrôle. Forme d'aboutissement du processus, dont elle permet de saisir l'implantation et la portée, l'admission du principe au niveau constitutionnel marque aussi une nouvelle étape dans ce processus. Le juge de l'Union progresse au sein d'un système de contrôle, composé du juge national et de la Cour européenne des droits de l'Homme. Les interactions entre juges sont essentielles pour comprendre l'évolution de l'office du juge de l'Union. S'il est classique d'attendre d'un juge constitutionnel qu'il régule le système institutionnel et qu'il assure la protection des droits fondamentaux, les exigences matérielles et opérationnelles de l'action intergouvernementale contribuent au déploiement d'une fonction juridictionnelle ordinaire. Ces deux axes de travail, principe et fonctions, jettent un éclairage d'ensemble sur le modèle en construction et permettent d'appréhender dans toute sa complétude le processus de juridictionnalisation de la coopération intergouvernementale dans l'Union. / During a long time, the judicial control of the intergovernmental cooperation in the European Union remained a difficulty. Initially, the sideline of the judge conditioned the use of this cooperation, organised “in” the European Union. However, each step forward of the Treaties led to a progress of the judge of the Union and, from the very beginning, cooperation has resulted in the creation of a significant jurisprudence. Indeed, intergovernmental cooperation in the European Union constitutes a privileged field for investigation, which may contribute to enrich the study of a process, the process of judicialization of the European Union. Away from sterilizing this hypothesis, it was eventually confirmed and valued by the Lisbon Treaty. The analyse of the jurisprudence concerning the common foreign and security policy and the police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters reveals the existence of a model of judicial control over the intergovernmental cooperation in the European Union. This model is based on the principle of control. The admission of the principle, at the constitutional level, is a form of outcome of the process; it allows understanding the establishment and the extent of the process, as well as it materializes a new step in this process. The European judge evolves in a system of control, constituted by the national Court and the European Court of Human Rights. The judges’ interactions are essential in order to understand the evolution of the role of the European Union judge. Although it appears classical to expect from a constitutional judge that he rules the institutional system and that he ensures the protection of fundamental rights, the intergovernmental action material and operational requirements contribute to the deployment of an ordinary judicial function. These two axes of research, principle and functions, project a comprehensive highlight on the model under construction, and allow apprehending, in its entirety, the process of judicialization of the intergovernmental cooperation in the European Union.

5 Abstract This dissertation examines the standing of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the area of police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters, which was formally included under the umbrella of the European Union as a result of the Maastricht Treaty in the early nineties. Yet this area was excluded from the Community framework, which had a significant impact on the jurisdiction and competencies of the Court of Justice. Despite limitations arising from the construct of the third pillar, the Court of Justice took an opportunity through case law to overcome some of these limitations. The most recent milestone in the development of this area is the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty which removed the so-called pillar structure and further limitations disappeared with the end of the transitional period. Further, existing case law of the Court of Justice in this area has been closely linked to the framework decision on the European arrest warrant, which is based upon the principle of mutual recognition and mutual trust between the EU Member States, and thus became an important part of the case law of the Court of Justice. Given the scope of this framework decision, the Court of Justice has also been frequently dealing with the issue of fundamental rights, the protection of which plays an...

L’entraide pénale se définit comme ce besoin des Etats de s’associer pour permettre la réalisation d’un objectif commun, celui de lutter plus efficacement contre le crime. A l’échelle européenne, les Etats ne vont pas se limiter à l’utilisation des mécanismes internationaux existants. Ils s’engagent dans un processus de coopération approfondi, provoquant une régionalisation de l’ensemble des normes favorisant la lutte contre la criminalité, plus spécialement la criminalité organisée. Cette évolution vers un système partenarial répond à une nécessité illustrée par le rapport déséquilibré entre la criminalité transnationale et l’ « entraide pénale classique ». Pour répondre à l’accroissement de cette criminalité et aux insuffisances des outils européens classiques, les Etats européens instaurent un socle de règles communes, protectrices des droits fondamentaux, ainsi que divers principes juridiques dont l’harmonisation et la reconnaissance mutuelle. Progressivement, la coopération pénale en Europe ne se fonde plus sur une logique d’entraide entre les Etats mais sur un objectif d’intégration pénale développé au sein de plusieurs organisations. Parmi elles, il convient de distinguer plus particulièrement le Conseil de l’Europe, la Communauté européenne devenue l’Union européenne, le Benelux et le Conseil nordique. Concomitamment, cette entraide pénale européenne apparaît désormais comme une réalité complexe due à une multiplication des espaces pénaux. L’espace pénal formé par le Conseil de l’Europe et la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme (C.E.D.H.) se distingue plus particulièrement de l’espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice de l’Union européenne (E.L.S.J.) identifié par ses multiples agences (Europol, Eurojust, Frontex, etc.). Comment s’opèrent aujourd’hui les mouvements de coopération et d’intégration pénales entre les Etats européens ? N’est-il pas envisageable de repenser l’architecture pénale européenne ? La réponse à cette question passe par la redéfinition des espaces pénaux européens sous le concept d’ « Europe pénale » et la proposition de nécessaires modifications organisationnelles. / Judicial cooperation in criminal matters may be defined as the need for individual States to work together to achieve a common goal in fighting crime more efficiently. On a European scale, States will not stop at the use of international mechanisms. They are committed to a deeper cooperation process which leads to the regionalization of norms and thus favors the fight against crime, and more particularly organized crime. Such a move towards a system of partnership is necessary, as may be seen in the relationship between transnational crime and “traditional cooperation in criminal matters”. To meet this need, European States must introduce a set of common rules, protective of fundamental rights, along with different legal principles, such as harmonization and mutual recognition. Progressively, cooperation in criminal matters in Europe is no longer based on the logic of mutual assistance between States, but aims at several organizations developing a policy of integration. Organizations of note, amongst the many committed to this process, are the Council of Europe, the former European Community, now European Union, the Benelux countries and the Nordic Council. Moreover, European mutual assistance in criminal matters seems to take on a complex reality from now on, due to the multiplication of criminal areas. The area formed by the Council of Europe and the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) is distinct from the European area of freedom, security and justice (AFSJ) identified by its many agencies (Europol, Eurojust, Frontex, etc.). Taken as a whole, this is a question of being interested in a process which leads to integration in criminal matters between European States. It might be useful to take this opportunity to suggest a re-definition of the European areas in criminal matters under the heading “Criminal Europe”. The necessary organizational modifications may thus be put forward.

Il Trattato di Lisbona contiene la base giuridica per l’istituzione della Procura europea, tramite regolamento da adottare con il voto unanime in seno al Consiglio. Essa avrà il compito di «individuare, perseguire e rinviare a giudizio gli autori di reati che ledono gli interessi finanziari dell'Unione» (art. 86 TFUE). Il 17 luglio 2013 la Commissione ha adottato una proposta di regolamento a riguardo. Tuttavia, i negoziati fino ad ora condotti fanno ritenere che sarà difficile adottarlo all’unanimità, motivo per cui si è deciso di indagare il tema dalla prospettiva della cooperazione rafforzata. L’obiettivo della tesi consiste nel dimostrare la concreta esistenza di un valore aggiunto dell’istituzione della Procura europea da parte di un numero ristretto di Stati rispetto all’abbandono di un tale progetto per assenza di unanimità. La tesi mira a dimostrare la sua fattibilità, costruendo un sistema capace di funzionare in un contesto d’integrazione diseguale. L’elemento di novità consiste nella riscrittura della proposta di regolamento per adattarla al diverso contenuto (non più l’istituzione della Procura europea, ma l’attuazione di una cooperazione rafforzata ai fini di una tale istituzione) e nella predisposizione di modelli degli accordi disciplinanti la cooperazione tra gli Stati membri non partecipanti e l’organo di accusa europeo. / The Treaty of Lisbon contains the legal basis for the institution - by means of a regulation to be adopted by the Council acting unanimously - of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office (EPPO), which shall be «responsible for investigating, prosecuting and bringing to judgment the perpetrators of offences against the Union's financial interests» (art. 86 TFEU). In July 2013 the Commission adopted a proposal for a regulation on this matter. However, the ongoing negotiations lead to retain that it will be difficult to reach unanimity. This is the reason why this dissertation analyses the theme from the perspective of enhanced cooperation. The purpose of this thesis consists in demonstrating the concrete existence of an added value deriving from the institution of the EPPO by only some States rather than neglecting this project. Thus, it aims at proving the feasibility of this project, by constructing a functioning system, even in a context of unequal integration. The redrafting of the regulation in order to adapt it to the new object (the implementation of the enhanced cooperation for the institution of the EPPO) and the provision of the text of the agreements between non participating States and the EPPO constitute its originality.

La recherche vise à vérifier si et comment, au niveau de l’UE, la lutte contre la criminalité (surtout organisée) est conduite dans le respect de droits et libertés fondamentales, et si la coopération en matière entre les États membres peut promouvoir des standards de protection élevés et homogènes. La traditionnelle reluctance des États à confier les relatives compétences à l’Union a fortement entravé le développement d’un « espace de liberté, sécurité et justice » équilibré. Aujourd’hui le Traité de Lisbonne fournit des outils importants. Après avoir présenté la sécurité dans l’UE, j’aborde la coopération judiciaire pénale. J’analyse la riche production normative à finalité répressive, aussi que les mesures récemment adoptées à finalité protectrice et promotionnelle. Ensuite, je passe à la coopération policière et à l’intervention de l’EU en matière financière / patrimoniale, en tandem avec les droits à la protection des données personnelles et de la propriété privé. / The research aims to verify whether and how, at the EU level, the fight against crime (particularly organized crime) is perpetuated in full respect of fundamental rights and freedoms, and whether cooperation among Member States in this field can promote high and homogeneous standards of protection.The historical reluctance of Member States to give the relative competences to the Union has strongly obstructed the development of an equilibrated “area of freedom, security and justice”. However, the Lisbon Treaty has provided important tools. After firstly presenting security in the EU, I discuss judicial cooperation in criminal matters. Both the rich normative production aimed at repression, and the more recently adopted measures finalized at guarantying and promoting individual rights are analyzed. Then, I pass to police cooperation and EU financial / patrimonial intervention, together with the right to protection of personal data and the right to property - the two most at stake.