Submitted by Daniella Santos (daniella.santos@ufma.br) on 2017-11-16T21:02:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ReginaTavares.pdf: 3592804 bytes, checksum: 8a96e7a3f36862169784060634645f1b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-16T21:02:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ReginaTavares.pdf: 3592804 bytes, checksum: 8a96e7a3f36862169784060634645f1b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-17 / The legal and political instruments for democratization of the city and the access to the right to housing are closely linked to the right to the city, which in the case of Brazil is normatively shaped by constitutional and infra-constitutional provisions that provide for and legitimize urban policy practices, strictly speaking, should prioritize the social functionalization of property and the city. However, when confronted with the country's large housing deficit, especially in the urban environment, such precepts are capable of revealing the growing social inequality that exacerbates the inefficiency of the positive norm, leaving it to be expected that other factors act and challenge the logic of the law, making it prevail a reality far removed from a sustainable city model foreseen in the abstract rule. This initial finding is what challenges the present research that, in the wake of a judicial occupation’s study, carried out by 33 low-income families, in an abandoned residential building, built in a central area of the city of São Luís (MA), search for findings that, led by an archaeological analysis of the legal discourses supported in that process, allow to investigate to what extent the statements produced by the institutions of the justice system, in order to solve the problem of housing at risk, are influenced by other urbanistic knowledge to the formulation of their discourses and, thus, to ratify a prevailing model of segregatory urbanization. Applying the method of archaeological analysis of Michel Foucault's discourse, a bibliographical review began a mapping of the urban schools that influenced the urban policies and the cities’s forms of organization throughout the 20th century, taken, in accordance with the foucaultian language, as an archaeological event. Then, came the systematic exposition of the normative set corresponding to the matter, on which rules and principles were worked in the light of a dworkian conception of justice and the Robert Alexy’s theory of undamental rights. In the possession of the bibliographical research’s data, then, they could serve as a buffer for the analysis of the legal discourses emitted in the case of the studied urban occupation. The results showed that legal discourses, chaeologically taken as discursive events, are extremely affected by the non-discursive practices of a conventional urban epistemology, able to constrain them to the point where they have a strong influence on the formulation of truths about a social model and economically unsustainable urban policy. / Os instrumentos jurídicos e políticos de democratização da cidade e de acesso ao direito à moradia encontram-se intimamente ligados ao direito à cidade que, no caso do Brasil, é moldado normativamente por disposições constitucionais e infraconstitucionais que preveem e legitimam práticas de política urbana que, a rigor, devem priorizar a funcionalização social da propriedade e da cidade. Entretanto, tais preceitos, quando confrontados com o grande déficit habitacional registrado no país, especialmente no ambiente urbano, é capaz de revelar a crescente desigualdade social que agiganta a ineficiência da norma positivada, deixando antever que outros fatores atuam e desafiam a lógica do Direito, fazendo prevalecer uma realidade bastante distante de um modelo de cidade sustentável previsto na regra abstrata. Esta constatação inicial é o que desafia a presente pesquisa que, na esteira do estudo de uma ocupação judicializada, protagonizada por 33 famílias de baixa renda, em um prédio residencial abandonado, edificado numa área central da cidade de São Luís (MA), parte em busca de achados que, conduzidos por uma análise arqueológica dos discursos jurídicos sustentados naquele processo, permitam investigar em que medida os enunciados produzidos pelas instituições do sistema de justiça, para efeito de solucionar o problema da moradia de risco, são influenciados por outros saberes urbanísticos a ponto de afetarem a formulação de seus discursos e, assim, ratificarem um modelo prevalecente de urbanização segregatória. Aplicando-se o método da análise arqueológica do discurso de Michel Foucault, iniciou-se, por meio de revisão bibliográfica, um mapeamento das escolas urbanísticas que influenciaram as políticas urbanas e as formas de organização das cidades ao longo do século XX, o que foi tomado, de acordo com a linguagem foucaultiana, como um acontecimento arqueológico. Em seguida passou-se à exposição sistemática do conjunto normativo correspondente à matéria, sobre o qual regras e princípios foram trabalhados à luz de uma concepção dworkiana de justiça e da teoria dos direitos fundamentais de Robert Alexy. Em posse dos dados da pesquisa bibliográfica, estes então puderam servir de anteparo à análise dos discursos jurídicos emitidos no caso da ocupação urbana estudada. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que os discursos jurídicos, arqueologicamente tomados como acontecimentos discursivos, são extremamente afetados pelas práticas não discursivas de uma episteme urbanística convencional, capaz de constrangê-los a ponto de sobre eles exercer forte influência quanto à formulação de verdades sobre um modelo social e economicamente insustentável de política urbana.

Juridiction suprême de l’ordre judiciaire, la Cour de cassation a pour mission de contrôler le respect de la loi ; elle en est la gardienne. La Cour de cassation est par conséquent juge du droit et ses décisions s’imposent aux juridictions qui lui sont inférieures. Ce rôle de la Haute juridiction est l’héritage de la période révolutionnaire pendant laquelle s’est exprimée une volonté : celle de faire table rase du gouvernement des juges. Ce pouvoir judiciaire exacerbé s’est en effet illustré sous l’Ancien régime à travers l’activité des Parlements. De cette volonté de rupture est née une idéologie légaliste : l’activité du juge est encadrée par la loi et ce dernier doit raisonner en fonction d’elle. Face à ce constat, la thèse adopte alors une approche descriptive de ce légalisme. Cette idéologie influence la fonction de juger dans sa conception et son expression, présentant alors le juge comme « la bouche de la loi ». Pourtant, derrière cette apparence très formelle, ces motivations brèves et ces raisonnements syllogistiques, le juge de la Cour de cassation se révèle un interprète authentique et fait état d’un réel pouvoir judiciaire normatif. A partir de cette observation, cette étude se propose de dévoiler cette réalité latente, d’expliquer de quelle manière elle s’établit et de comprendre pourquoi, malgré l’évidence du réel, l’apparence légaliste reste la représentation officielle. Un décalage entre l’apparence de l’office du juge tel qu’il est exprimé et la réalité de l’office tel qu’il est exercé est donc identifiable. C’est sur la base de ce constat et en prenant en compte les contraintes internationales - notamment européennes - pesant sur l’office du juge français que cette recherche fait le choix de s’inscrire dans une approche pragmatique en proposant des évolutions de la fonction de juger dans un objectif de cohérence, d’intelligibilité et d’efficacité de la justice. / Supreme Court of the french judiciary system, the Court of cassation has the mission to control the respect of the law ; the Court is its gardian. Its decisions are imperative upon the lower jurisdictions of the judicial system. This role of the High Jurisdiction is the inheritance of the revolutionary period during which the will was to ward off the government by judiciary. This government of judges took place in France under the Old Regime through the activity of Parliaments. Through this will of break was born a legalistic ideology : the activity of the judge is supervised by the law ; judges has to argue according to it. Considering this, the thesis adopts then a descriptive approach : the legalism has an impact on the conception of the judge, his judicial activity and its expression. The judge is presented as the mouth of the law. Nevertheless, behind this formal appearance, these brief motivations of the decisions and these syllogistic reasonings, the judge of the Court of cassation shows himself an interpreter and has a real normative judiciary power. This work suggests then revealing this reality, to explain how it becomes established and to understand why in spite of the obvious fact of the reality, the legalistic appearance remains the official representation. A gap between the appearance of the office of the judge as it is expressed and the reality of the office as it is exercised is thus identifiable. It’s on the basis of this observation and by considering the international constraints (european constraints in particular) impacting the judge activity that this thesis chooses to have a pragmatic approach by suggesting evolutions of the judicial function in an objective of coherence, intelligibility and efficiency of the justice.

Данная магистерская диссертация посвящена изучению судебной речи в коммуникативно-прагматическом аспекте. В работе представлено исследование концептуального аппарата классической риторики, а также анализ основ и законов построения публичной речи адвоката. Значительная часть исследования посвящена вопросам коммуникативных стратегий и тактик, применяемых адвокатом в целях воздействия на слушателя. На примерах речей известных российских юристов рассмотрен коммуникативно-прагматический аспект публичного выступления в суде. / This master's thesis is devoted to the study of judicial speech in a communicative and pragmatic aspect. The paper presents a study of the conceptual apparatus of classical rhetoric, as well as an analysis of the basics and laws of constructing a lawyer's public speech. A significant part of the research is devoted to the issues of communicative strategies and tactics used by a lawyer in order to influence the listener. Using the examples of speeches by famous Russian lawyers, the communicative and pragmatic aspect of public speaking in court is considered.