Les changements d’utilisation des terres modifient les potentiels de stockage du carbone dans le sol. La déforestation et les techniques agricoles utilisées ont un impact significatif sur le cycle global du carbone et contribuent aux émissions de gaz à effet de serre. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est donc de mettre en évidence les liens entre le stockage du carbone, les dynamiques d’occupation du sol et ses mises en valeur. Pour cette étude, nous avons utilisé les images de satellites sur la période 1987–2011 afin de classer les types d’occupations du sol. En effet, il ne s’agit pas uniquement de déterminer la quantité du carbone dans les sols mais également de vérifier le lien entre quantité de carbone et la gestion des sols dans des propriétés différentes. Les exploitations retenues sont situées au Nord-Ouest de l’État de Mato Grosso et ont été choisies pour leurs modes d’exploitation différents : la Fazenda São Nicolau sur la commune de Cotriguaçu où une politique de reforestation a été menée, la Fazenda Preciosa (qui représente le modèle traditionnel d’élevage) et l’Assentamento Vale do Amanhecer (système d’implantation récente fondé sur le partage des terres entre petits propriétaires ayant chacun une stratégie d’exploitation) sur la commune de Juruena. Les résultats montrent une fourchette de valeurs de stock de carbone entre 0,01 et 8,89 kg/m2 distribuées de façon diversifiée entre les classes d’occupation du sol retenues. Une cartographie des classes de stock de carbone a permis de confronter celles-ci avec l’occupation des sols et les classes de texture. Nous avons constaté que les meilleures corrélations sont trouvées entre les classes de stock de carbone et certains types de forêt haute et entre les classes de stock de carbone et les textures argileuses. Par contre aucunmode d’occupation du sol ne semble avoir une influence radicale sur les stocks de carbone. Ce sont les pratiques culturales et leur historique sur chaque exploitation qui permettent de mieux expliquer les résultats. Cette approche physico-chimique a visé principalement l’identification dans les régions étudiées des types de sols qui ont des niveaux plus élevés de la matière organique et les éléments nutriments où le stockage de carbone est plus assuré. Donc, nous avons mené des études approfondies, à travers une cartographie pédologique régionale à l’échelle 1 : 100.000, en association avec le relief, le réseau hydrographique, le substrat géologique régional, les changements climatiques, la couverture végétale et les sols, et après la demarche générale, basée dans des organigrammes établies pour ces travaux. Tous cela, parallèlement à la cartographie des données sur les partitions physiques de ces domaines pour la télédétection. De cette manière nous avons réalisé quelques analyses, dans le domaine des analyses physico-chimiques, tout d’abord sur le carbone et de la matière organique, de la spectrométrie par la fluorescence des rayons X, de la diffraction des rayons X, de l’environnement géochimique – analyses statistiques, aussi bien que les calculs des densités dans les sols échantillonnés, dans un contexte géochimique pour la détermination des éléments qui sont associés au carbone et à la matière organique. Des études sur l’usage du sol ont été aussi effectuées. Les résultats qui nous avons obtenus dans cet ensemble de recherches nous amènent à proposer un nouveau modèle d’études pour la mise en place de nouvelles idées sur le REDD, ainsi que pour des données de l’organisation du stockage du carbone dans les aires distinctes étudiées, qui peuvent être extrapolées à d’autres régions et dans les interprétations objectives qui seront évidemment obtenues de cet ensemble de travaux. / The land use changes altered the carbon storage potential in the soil. The deforestation and agricultural techniques have a significant impact on the global carbon cycle and contribute to greenhouse gases. The main objective of this thesis is to highlight the links between carbon storage, land use and the dynamics. For this study, we used satellite images over the period 1987 – 2011, to classify types of land occupations. In fact, not only to determine the amount of carbon in the soil, but also to check the connection between the amount of carbon and land management in different properties. Farms operate in the northwestern part of the state of Mato Grosso were chosen for their different operating modes: the Fazenda São Nicolau, in the Cotriguaçu community, where a reforestation policy was designed, the Fazenda Preciosa (representing the traditional agricultural model) and the Assentamento Vale do Amanhecer (recent deployment system based on the division of land among smallholders, with each having an operating strategy) in the of Juruena community. Therefore, detailed studies were developed through a regional soil mapping at scale 1: 100,000 in association with relief, hydrographic network, the geological substratum, climate changes, the vegetation and soils, and following the methodology and the techniques based on established organizational charts for these jobs. All this, in addition to mapping data about the physical partitions of these areas by remote sensing. Thus were carried out some analysis: the physical and chemical analysis, of the fluorescence spectrometry X-rays, the diffraction of X-rays, the geochemical environments - statistical analyzes as well as calculate the densities of the sampled soils in a geochemical context for Determination of the elements are associated with the carbon and organic matter. Studies on land use were also conducted. The Results show a range of carbon stock values between 0.01 and 8.89 kg / m2 distributed among diverse class of soil and selected for placement. Mappings of carbon stock classes allowed confront them with the land and the textural classes. The best correlations between carbon storage classes and certain types of high forest and carbon stock between the classes and the clayey textures were possible to find out that were found. Thus no way to land use seems to have a radical impact on carbon stocks; the cultural and historical practices of each farm better explain the results. This physicochemical approach primarily aimed at identifying the regions studied the soil types in their compositions that have higher levels of organic matter and nutrients where carbon storage is more assured. The results that were obtained in this research, lead us to propose a new model of studies to put into practice new ideas about REDD, as well as the organization's data of carbon storage in these different areas studied, which can be applied in other regions and objective interpretations that will of course be obtained in this body of work

Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-01-28T14:17:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Juliana de Almeida.pdf: 4040466 bytes, checksum: f3563f04fc6d8b96a07dc53236898cea (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-02-01T14:47:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Juliana de Almeida.pdf: 4040466 bytes, checksum: f3563f04fc6d8b96a07dc53236898cea (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-02-01T14:47:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Juliana de Almeida.pdf: 4040466 bytes, checksum: f3563f04fc6d8b96a07dc53236898cea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-01T14:47:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Juliana de Almeida.pdf: 4040466 bytes, checksum: f3563f04fc6d8b96a07dc53236898cea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-26 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This study deals with the regime of alterity of the Enawene-Nawe, speakers of a language of the Arawak-Maipure family and resident in the Juruena River basin (Mato Grosso State, South-east Amazon). The research is based on the principles that deal with the passage of a model that is founded in endogamic and territorially disperse sub-groups for the constitution of relationships established between the new, patrilineal and exogamic groups (iyaõkwa), that encourage ritual and family relationships. The analysis points towards the centrality of conviviality and commensality as measures of the management and control of differences. / Este estudo trata do regime de alteridade dos Enawene-Nawe, falantes de uma língua da família Arawak-Maipure e residentes no Vale do Rio Juruena (Estado de Mato Grosso, Sudoeste amazônico). Partindo da análise das narrativas e enunciados enawene-nawe, a pesquisa se debruça sobre os postulados que abordam a passagem de um modelo fundamentado em subgrupos endogâmicos e territorialmente dispersos, para a constituição de relações estabelecidas entre nove iyaõkwa, grupos patrilineares e exogâmicos, que arregimentam as relações rituais e de parentesco na atualidade. A análise aponta para a centralidade da convivialidade e comensalidade como medidas de manejo e controle da diferença

Submitted by Sáboia Nágila (nagila.saboia01@gmail.com) on 2016-07-29T14:37:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação- Antonio Charles da Silva Oliveira.pdf: 18569379 bytes, checksum: e36fa34d61be9f4678a531c17062a3b9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-08-26T13:24:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação- Antonio Charles da Silva Oliveira.pdf: 18569379 bytes, checksum: e36fa34d61be9f4678a531c17062a3b9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-08-26T13:27:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação- Antonio Charles da Silva Oliveira.pdf: 18569379 bytes, checksum: e36fa34d61be9f4678a531c17062a3b9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-26T13:27:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação- Antonio Charles da Silva Oliveira.pdf: 18569379 bytes, checksum: e36fa34d61be9f4678a531c17062a3b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-07 / Não informada / In the SW Amazonas State the plutonic-volcanic and sedimentary rocks were grouped in different petrotectonic associations: Juruena Basement (JBA), Juruena Supracrustal Suquence (JSSA), Post-Juruena Volcano-plutonism (PJVPA) and Post-Juruena Sedimentary Sequence (PJSSA). The JBA and JSSA (1.81–1.74 Ga), are arc magmatic-related, whereas the PJVPA (1.64–1.53 Ga) and PJSSA (1.74–1.08 Ga) define the main post-orogenetic events in this region. Magnetic data analysis show at least three patterns, named in relative chronologic, as deep linear anomalies with ENE-WSW trend (L0); linear shallow anomalies with NW-SE (L1) and NE-SW (L2) trends. The relationship of superposition suggests that L1 cross-cut L0, and both are transposed by L2 pattern. Geological-structural studies point out three structural styles, two them belongs to a NW-SE deformational belt: 1) D1 – banding folded structures from gneisses (upper amphibolite, 1.52 Ga); and 2) D2 – mylonitic foliation and schistosity structures in temperature of ~350ºC (greenschist, 1.48-1.46 Ga). The third structural style (D3) has ENE-WSW and NE-SW trends, well-defined cataclastic zones generated under temperature <350ºC (lower greenschist, 1.32 Ga). These structural styles have a correlation with main crustal reworking events of Rondônia-Juruena Provínce: a) L0 magnetic anomalies and S1 polydeformational lineaments - generated in the collisional event (1.64 Ga) responsible by Juruena magmatic arc and Tapajós-Parima continent amalgamation; b) L1 magnetic anomalies and S2 lineaments - related to the another collisional event (1.52 Ga), responsible by Tapajós-Parima and Juruena-Jamari terranes collage; c) L2 magnetic anomalies and S3 lineaments - related to Sunsás Orogenic Cycle, represented by Candeias Orogeny (1.37–1.32 Ga). / No sudeste do estado do Amazonas afloram rochas plutono-vulcânicas e sedimentares (Província Rondônia-Juruena, 1,81–1,51 Ga), agrupadas em associações petrotectônicas: Embasamento Juruena (APEJ), Sequência Supracrustais Juruena (APSSJ), Vulcano- Plutonismo Pós-Juruena (APVPJ) e Sequência Sedimentar Pós-Juruena (APSPJ). As APEJ e APSSJ marcam a geração de arcos magmáticos (1,81–1,74 Ga), enquanto as APVPJ (1,64– 1,53 Ga) e APSPJ (1,74–1,08 Ga) definem eventos pós-orogênicos. Dados aeromagnéticos identificaram o arcabouço estrutural regional definido por três padrões: L0 – anomalias profundas lineares (ENE-WSW), L1 e L2 – anomalias rasas lineares respectivamente com direções NW-SE e NE-SW. As relações de superposição mostram L1 truncando L0 e ambos são interceptados por L2. Estudo geológico-estrutural definiu três estilos estruturais, sendo dois deles com direção NW-SE: 1) D1 - bandamento gnáissico dobrado (anfibolito superior, 1,52 Ga) e 2) D2 - foliação milonítica e xistosidade geradas sob temperaturas de aproximadamente 350ºC (xisto verde, 1,48-1,46 Ga). O terceiro estilo estrutural D3 (ENEWSW a NE-SW) apresenta zonas cataclásticas geradas em temperaturas inferiores a 350ºC (baixo xisto verde, 1,32 Ga). Esses estilos deformacionais apresentam relação com os eventos de retrabalhamento da crosta Rondônia-Juruena: a) anomalias magnéticas L0 e estruturação D1 - geradas em evento colisional (1,64 Ga) relacionado à colagem do arco Juruena com a crosta Tapajós-Parima; b) anomalias magnéticas L1 e estruturação D2 - associadas a evento deformacional (1,52 Ga) atribuído a colisão entre os terrenos Tapajós- Parima e Juruena-Jamari; c) anomalias magnéticas L2 e evento deformacional D3 - correlacionadas ao Ciclo Orogênico Sunsás, representado na região pela Orogenia Candeias (1,37–1,32 Ga).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:21:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6546.pdf: 2423797 bytes, checksum: 0ce860bab03667c9b7286a2c7da3f9a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-30 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The Genus Zungaro, Bleeker, 1858 (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae), comprise a group called Jaú. This group is divided in two species: Zungaro jahu located in Paraná- Paraguai basins and Zungaro zungaro located in Amazonas-Orinoco basins. Both species are known because they are the biggest catfish in South America. In Juruena River, smaller catfishes are found by local fishermen and because of that it´s very hard to classify these species. During this work Juruena population was genetically analyzed and these molecular datum were compared with other population to know if they are the same specie or not. Samples of fish came from Juruena, Amazonas, Solimões, Madeira, Xingu, Meta, Miranda, Taquari e Cuiabá were collected and kept in the heap of tissue bank in the Molecular Biodiversity and Conservation Laboratory (LabBMC). After isolating the DNA according to Sambrook protocol, mitochondrial sequences of cytochrome oxidase I (COI), cytochrome b (Cytb) and D-Loop were amplified by PCR. After the sequencing and edition, the results were compared to the databases BOLD and GenBank. Phylogenetic trees based on different algorithms were built. The species of Amazonas-Orinoco basins (Z. zungaro) and Paraná-Paraguai basins (Z. jahu) showed a considerable genetic distance highlighting a population structuring. Individual from Juruena River were different from the others following the model K2p 2.4% (COI) and 5% (D-Loop). The results showing an evidence of three different species: Z. zungaro, Z. jahu and possible new species in the Juruena River. Besides, specimens from Xingu River demonstrated a high genetic distance from the others, being necessary further analyses. / O gênero Zungaro, Bleeker, 1858 (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae), pertence a um grupo de peixes popularmente denominados jaús, composto por duas espécies válidas: Zungaro jahu que ocorre na bacia dos rios Paraná-Paraguai e Zungaro zungaro encontrada na bacia dos rios Amazonas e Orinoco. Este gênero é conhecido por compreender um dos maiores bagres da América do Sul. Em especial na região do Mato-Grosso, no rio Juruena. Estas espécies são conhecidas por serem os maiores bagres da América do Sul. No rio Juruena (MT), indivíduos de jaús adultos tem sido capturados por pescadores com um tamanho menor do que o descrito na literatura e o permitido para pesca, levantando incertezas sobre a classificação desta espécie nesta região. Neste trabalho foram analisadas populações do Juruena e os dados moleculares obtidos foram comparados com os de outras populações de jaús para saber se tratam da mesma espécie. Amostras de peixes dos rios Juruena, Amazonas, Solimões, Madeira, Xingu, Meta, Miranda, Taquari e Cuiabá foram obtidas e armazenadas no acervo do Banco de Tecidos do laboratório de Biodiversidade Molecular e Conservação (LabBMC). Após isolar o DNA segundo o protocolo de Sambrook, fragmentos mitocondriais dos genes Citocromo Oxidase I (COI) e Citocromo b (Cytb) e da região controle D-Loop foram amplificados via PCR. Após o sequenciamento e edição das sequências, os resultados obtidos foram comparados com sequências disponíveis nas bases de dados BOLD e GenBank. Árvores filogenéticas baseadas em diferentes algoritmos foram construídas. As espécies das bacias Amazonas-Orinoco (Z. zungaro) e Paraná-Paraguai (Z. jahu) apresentaram uma distância genética considerável, evidenciando estruturação populacional. Indivíduos do rio Juruena apresentaram-se diferenciados das demais espécies válidas para o gênero com valor de distância genética segundo o modelo K2p de 2.4% (COI) e 5%(D-Loop). Estes resultados apontam a evidência da existência de no mínimo três espécies para o Gênero: Z. zungaro, Z. jahu e uma possível nova espécie do rio Juruena. Espécimes do rio Xingu também demostraram alta distância genética com relação às demais populações analisadas, necessitando uma investigação mais profunda.