Problemdiskussion: Scandinavian Business Seating befinner sig i enexpansionsfas. Bedömningen att företaget på ett eller annatsätt kommer öka sina produktionsvolymer nämnvärt hargjorts. Det har talats om en förväntad ökning som kräver attproduktionskapaciteten ökas med nära 300 %. För att klaraen sådan ökning kommer strukturen i de olika flödena iproduktionsanläggningen behöva förändras i storutsträckning. Placering av material och tillvägagångssätt vidmontering är tvunget att förändras för att kunna upprätthålladen förväntade produktionstakten. Operationstidernakommer att omfördelas och förändras i och med attmaterialhanteringen förändras. Dessutom, för att det överhuvud taget ska bli aktuellt med förändringarna, måste detvisa sig att detta leder fram till en ekonomisk vinst tack vareett effektivare flöde i produktionen och ett effektivareutnyttjande av produktionstiden.Syfte: Syftet med denna kandidatuppsats är att undersöka ochutveckla en föreslagen layoutförändring för att se hurföretaget på bästa sätt kan minska materialhanteringen ochförändra operationstiderna för att på så sätt skapaekonomiska förutsättningar för genomförande.Resultat: Studier av den nya layouten utfördes och resultaten blevföljande:Materialtorget skapar effektivare materialhantering.Fokus läggs på enbart värdeskapande arbetsmoment.Operationstiderna kommer förbättras i och med att deicke värdeskapande uppgifterna reduceras.En förändring av utnyttjandegraden på 15 % sker.Sömnadsoperationen klarar idag inte av en högreproduktionsvolym utan att nyanställning görs.Investeringsmöjligheten blir 10-20 miljoner kronor meden payoff-tid på 12 månader.

Orientador: Jair Pinheiro / Resumo: A presente pesquisa propõe um estudo sobre os motofretistas sob uma específica disfuncionalidade da cidade capitalista: o trânsito congestionado. Esse profissional atinge a compressão do tempo, via aceleração de sua moto pelo espaço, de modo a contemplar três objetivos distintos, porém interligados e complementares. Em uma perspectiva pessoal, a necessidade premente de sustento próprio e familiar do trabalhador. Em um outro prisma, diminuir o tempo de giro do capital e aumentar a taxa de lucro para os capitalistas individualmente considerados. Por fim, garantir a reprodução ampliada do capitalismo, enquanto relação social de produção. Além disso, este estudo empreende uma investigação do transbordamento da Organização Científica do Trabalho, do ambiente fabril e gerencial para a estrutura urbana da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Pretendo demonstrar ainda que o tempo do neoliberalismo se configura como um tempo just in time, que significa uma sazonalidade da velocidade e da urgência na produção e distribuição. Essa oscilação frenética de ritmo acaba por institucionalizar o agir just in time em diversas esferas da existência humana. Ao mesmo tempo, simbolicamente, a impressão de “perder o controle” de condutas e subjetividades passa a ser possível frente o capitalismo neoliberal, o que é sugerido nesta tese por meio da metáfora-slogan asas da liberdade. A racionalização just in time torna-se o despotismo do aqui e agora; e a autonomia individual passa a ser a liberdade de a... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present research undertakes a study regarding the motorcycle courier workers – the motoboys – under a specific dysfunctionality of the capitalist city: the traffic jam. These professionals are able to reach the compression of time by the acceleration of their motorcycle through space, in a way that enables reaching three goals which are different, however interconnected and subsidiaries. In a personal perspective, the compelling need to provide for themselves and their families. In a different light, the capacity of shortening the capital flow and increasing profit rates for the capitalists individually considered. Finally, to guarantee the capitalism reproduction expansion, as a social relationship of production. Besides, this research tackles an investigation regarding the overflow of the Scientific Organization of Labor, from a managerial and factory environment to the urban structure of the São Paulo Metropolitan Area. Here I also aim to demonstrate that the neo-liberalism time is configured as a just in time matter, which means a seasonality of speed and the urgency in production and distribution. This hectic rhythm variation ends up institutionalizing just in time attitudes in several aspects of human existence. At the same time, symbolically, the impression of “losing control” of conducts and subjectivities becomes possible in face of neo-liberal capitalism, which is suggested here in the use of the slogan-metaphor “wings of freedom”. The rationalization just in ti... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Résumé: La présente recherche propose une étude sur le comportement des motoboys – coursiers à moto – face à un dysfonctionnement spécifique de la ville capitaliste: la congestion routière. Ce professionnel réalise la compression du temps, via l'accélération de sa moto dans l'espace, afin d’accomplir trois objectifs distincts mais interconnectés et complémentaires. D'un point de vue personnel, le besoin urgent de soutien de la famille du travailleur et de lui-même. D'autre part, la réduction du temps de rotation du capital et l’augmentation des taux de profit des capitalistes individuels. Finalement, garantir la reproduction élargie du capitalisme en tant que rapport social de production. Par ailleurs, cette étude examine le débordement de l'Organisation Scientifique du Travail de l’environnement de fabrication et de gestion à la structure urbaine de la Région Métropolitaine de São Paulo. Je veux également démontrer que le néolibéralisme est configuré comme un temps just in time, ce qui signifie un caractère saisonnier de rapidité et d’urgence dans la production et la distribution. Cette oscillation frénétique du rythme finit par institutionnaliser l'action just in time dans différentes sphères de l'existence humaine. En même temps, symboliquement, l'impression de « perdre le contrôle » des comportements et des subjectivités devient possible en face du capitalisme néolibéral, comme le suggère cette thèse à travers le slogan métaphore « ailes de la liberté ». La rationalisation just i... (Résumé complet accès életronique ci-dessous) / Doutor

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Over the years, much attention has been given to the analysis of the pull type ordering system to reduce in-process inventory and to improve product quality. Kanban Control Systems are widely used to control the release of parts in multi-stage manufacturing systems operating under a pull mechanism. Considerable research has been done to study the individual manufacturing systems for multi stage and single product. However, not much research has been done to compare different pull control policies for multi product manufacturing systems. Most of the research done in multi-product system assumes that a kanban card is dedicated to a part type. The aim of this research is to compare the Kanban Control System (KCS), Generalized Kanban Control System (GKCS) and Extended Kanban Control System (EKCS) in the context of multi-product manufacturing systems where the kanban cards are either dedicated to a single part type or shared among the different part types. In this study, we analyze the performance of various control policies for a multi-product multi-stage manufacturing system. The manufacturing system considered in this research use a single-card kanban system, where the transportation of materials between the different work-centers is controlled by production kanbans. Demands that arrive to the system are satisfied from the finished goods inventory whenever possible and are backordered otherwise. Performance measures are number of backorders, average waiting time of backordered demand and average work in process. Our results show that Shared GKCS has lower number of backorders when the variability in the processing time is low, while Shared EKCS performs better when variability in the processing time is high. Trade off analysis was performed on average WIP and time to satisfy backorders. The Shared EKCS makes a better service-inventory compromise than traditional KCS. The Shared GKCS results in lower average waiting time to satisfy the backordered demand indicating responsiveness of this control system. The overall results indicate GKCS and EKCS with dedicated or shared kanbans outclass kanban control policy. The shared kanban-like control systems outperform dedicated control systems for all performance measures considered in this research.

<p>Byggbranschen brottas idag med en hel del fel och brister i byggprocessen. Exempel på problem är bl.a. höga byggkostnader, kvalitetsbrister samt att det förekommer slarv och okunskap. Produktiviteten i byggbranschen har inte utvecklats lika mycket som i tillverkningsindustrin som använder sin ledningsfilosofi Lean Production.</p><p>Syftet med detta examensarbete är att få insikt i vilka vanliga fel och brister som förekommer i byggbranschen, samt att kunna ge förslag till förbättringar i enlighet med lean-tänkande. När man talar om Lean i byggsammanhang benämns det Lean Construction. Lean Construction har sin teoretiska bakgrund i verkstadsindustrins Lean Production och Lean Thinking.</p><p>Lean Production är en industriell produktionsmetod vars syfte är att öka produktionseffektiviteten och har sin bakgrund i japanska bilindustrin. Lean Thinking är en vidareutveckling av Lean Production och är ett begrepp som används för att omfatta fler branscher utöver tillverkningsindustrin. Att arbeta enligt Lean innebär att hela tiden arbeta med ständiga förbättringar samt att identifiera och eliminera allt slöseri. Slöseri kan ses som en aktivitet som inte skapar något värde för kunden men som ändå förbrukar resurser.</p><p>När man tillämpar Lean i sin organisation så analyserar man hur en effektivisering kan ske utifrån sin egen produktionsprocess. Några av grundelementen inom Lean är Kaizen som betyder ständiga förbättringar samt Just In Time.</p><p>Det har utförts vissa studier kring slöseri i byggbranschen, delar av dessa presenteras i denna rapport. Det som kartlagts som slöseri är bl.a. omarbete, materialspill, överproduktion och väntan hos personal. Det är utifrån dessa kartlagda slöserier som vi har utformat enkäterna i vår undersökningsstudie.</p><p>Studien visar inte på några större skillnader mellan platschefer/arbetsledare och yrkesarbetare vad det gäller deras uppfattning om vilka fel och brister som är vanligt förekommande. Båda yrkeskategorierna är överens om att slöseri kan minskas, t ex genom effektivare materialhantering på byggarbetsplatserna och bättre kommunikation och planering på alla plan.</p> / <p>The Construction industry struggles with quality deviances and defects in the building process. Various kinds of problem are for example expensive costs for production, defects in quality and negligence and ignorance in the industry in general. The development of productivity in building process has not progressed at the same rate as companies within manufacturing industry who are using the Lean Production philosophy.</p><p>The purpose whit this degree project is to bring knowledge about what kind of deviances and defects that exist in the industry, and to recommend suggestions for improvements in accordance with Lean Thinking. When you speak about Lean in the construction business it is called Lean Construction. Lean Construction has its theoretical background in the engineering industries Lean Production and Lean Thinking.</p><p>Lean Production is an industrial production method which purpose is to increase the effectiveness of production. It originates from the car-industry in Japan. The concept of Lean Thinking is a further development of Lean Production and it includes all industries, not just the manufacturing industry. To work according to Lean means that you all the time tries to achieve constant improvements and to identify and eliminate all kinds of waste in time and materials. Waste can be seen as an activity that do not create any added value for the customer but still however consume resources.</p><p>While implementing and using Lean in your business corporation you have to analyze how a potentiate can be achieved outgoing from the existing production process. Some main elements within Lean are Kaizen, which means constant improvements, and Just In Time.</p><p>There have been many studies about waste in production in the construction industry. Some are introduced in this report. Activities that have been identified as waste are among others reworking, waste of material, overproduction and misplanning causing waiting times among employees. Based on these ascertained wastages we have formulated the questionnaire study.</p><p>The study does not show large differences between local managers/team leaders and construction workers when it comes to their opinion about what kinds of deviances and defects they find as frequent. The both professions agree that waste can be reduced, by the way of for example efficacious material handling on the building sites and better communication and planning on several levels.</p><p>Keywords: Building process, Lean Construction, Wasting, Kaizen and Just In Time</p>

<p>Our work focuses on an analysis of the processes for full and partial annealing of aluminium coils. Due to inefficient production management these processes show high inventory levels, long lead times and decreased delivery performance. </p><p>We have also found inadequacies in the ways costs for these processes are distributed. We have established a new process mapping by initially investigating the strategic dimensions of the company and the processes for annealing, in order to later on establish performance measures congruent with the business objectives. Furthermore we have conducted extensive calculations and analyses to facilitate the successful implementation of a Just-in-time production philosophy, including necessary process improvements and redesigns to be made. Our proposed changes will lead to shorter lead times and low levels of WIP, which are important success factors of a JIT-based production philosophy. </p><p>To do this we have developed a capacity analysis tool with which it is also possible to analyse other processing scenarios or the effect of load changes and/or product mix variations. This tool can also serve as a benchmark for capacity analysis of other processes. </p><p>Finally, we have been able to establish more accurate costs per machine hour for full and partial annealing to be implemented in the managerial system. We believe that the processes for annealing are not the only ones suffering from poor cost control, why we would suggest that Sapa Heat Transfer investigates the cost distribution in more processes, and also develops and follows better guidelines for cost control.</p>

<p>The international environment today has been undergoing unprecedented change and many companies are seeking new ways to stand out from the competition by sustaining their competitive advantage. Internationalization and firms’ consolidation increase competition in the dynamic marketplace .Companies are no longer staying competitive simply through focusing on product quality and pricing as customers are becoming more high-demanding related to customer service offer. This issue directs the companies’ main focus today to address the customer needs in the ever-changing environment.In order to be the winners in the marketplace, timing and superior customer service are becoming the keys to attain competitive advantage for a company. Time-based competition is an important issue that many companies are facing currently as customers are becoming more time-sensitive and time-oriented in terms of better services, reliability and delivery. To keep up with the changes in demand from customers, it is important to satisfy customers’ objectives and needs in order to provide superior customer service, thus, establish good relationship with them. In the ever-changing and dynamic business environment company needs to adapt and exploit the changes in order to meet the new challenges in the marketplace. It is crucial for the company to respond to changing needs of existing customers and seeking to serve new customers externally. The ways to renew the customers’ services and how they are delivered are critical capabilities for many companies to acquire nowadays. This leads to increasing interaction between marketing and logistics where logistics is considered a platform for supporting new strategic moves on the market.This master thesis originates from a need to research the links between customer service improvement and Just-in-time distribution in order to sustain competitive advantage. We propose to extend the Just-In-Time concept to incorporate a customer perspective, which results in changes the warehousing, ordering and delivering routines. Subsequently, this creates timing ability as well as coordination of information and material flows through timely decisions, which are difficult for competitors to emulate. Based on our analysis and conclusion, companies are recommended to shift from the traditional production-oriented to market-oriented focuses through incorporation of customers' perspective into the value chain. To deploy this, companies should start from the customer end and understand customers' needs and establish mutual beneficial relationships with customers. Long-lasting business relationships ultimately determine the success of the company. Furthermore, we conclude that successful learning to change the routines requires time for the transformation of traditional delivery practice to perform direct deliveries activities. They are based on the common understanding of the tasks and rules as well as common codes of internal coordination processes.</p>

<p>Så länge som människor strövat omkring på jorden har det bytts och handlats med varor och tjänster. Det är i människans natur att göra affärer.</p><p>Logistik och inköp har därför naturligt blivit stycken i den mänskliga handelshistorien, samhället men främst företag påverkas och påverkar denna nutidshistorias utveckling. Då konkurrens har blivit ett stort inslag för att lyckas i ett företag så har företag försökt hitta nya metoder för att hävda sig på den globaliseringen marknaden. De verktygen kan skilja sig från företag till företag beroende av vilka lösningar företag vill lösa men exempel på det kan vara Supply Chain Management som kommer att behandlas i denna uppsats. De andra teorier som kommer beröras är fusion, Just-in-Time och inköp. Dessa kommer att utifrån ämnet att appliceras på studieobjektet så att skillnader framkommer.</p><p>Fallstudien som uppsatsen baseras på färgkedjan Colorama AB, där intervjun skedde med butiksägaren och ledamoten i styrelsen, Patrik Graff. För att även få en extern synvinkel på temat som denna uppsats behandlar har även en intervju med en seniorkonsult på managementföretaget Establish gjorts. Detta för att kunna se dessa två vinklar mor teorin och därefter kunna dra en slutsats.</p><p>Syftet var att undersöka om Colorama efter sammanslagningen börjat styra sina leverantörer mer än innan men även se om de har ändrat i sitt logistiska tänkande då kedjan blev mycket större än den var innan sammanslagningen.</p><p>När teorin jämförs med empirin framkommer ett klart samband att studieobjektet ligger närmare det klassiska synsättet när det gäller inköp av varor och relationer gentemot leverantörer.</p><p>Colorama är i utvecklingsfasen då de endast funnits sedan i början av 2007 och mycket kan hända men det som har analyserats utav intervjun är att de kommer allt längre från sina leverantörer.</p> / <p>As long as humans have roamed the Earth, goods and services have been traded. It is in our nature to do business. Logistics and purchase have thanks to those facts become a part of the human trading history, its society but rather companies that have to changes to keep up with the changes of this era. But it’s also those companies and societies that alter this history era due to their business decisions and decisions to adept theories. Due to competitions companies have to come across new methods to struggle better on their globalized market. The method that are needed are different in all companies, one tool that can be adapted is Supply Chain Management. Other theories that will be mentioned in this essay are Just-In-Time, fusion and purchase. These theories will work as a map how to rule a modern company in aspects of logistics and purchase, our map will be applied on Colorama AB to see the differences between a reality and theory. To get a better grip of how reality looks like beside our case study, an interview was done with a senior consult of a management company that work with logistics. The main purpose of this essay was to examine if Colorama, after the fusion, have started to organize their deliverers more and if they had change their logistic thinking due to the new company size. The examination showed that Coloramas point of view were quite different from theory contains and Establish point of view, Colorama would rather be classified as a user of the classic theories rather than the ones mention above. Colorama are still a young company in their development phase and much will happened over time, but analyses shows that they drifting apart from their supplier.</p>

Our work focuses on an analysis of the processes for full and partial annealing of aluminium coils. Due to inefficient production management these processes show high inventory levels, long lead times and decreased delivery performance. We have also found inadequacies in the ways costs for these processes are distributed. We have established a new process mapping by initially investigating the strategic dimensions of the company and the processes for annealing, in order to later on establish performance measures congruent with the business objectives. Furthermore we have conducted extensive calculations and analyses to facilitate the successful implementation of a Just-in-time production philosophy, including necessary process improvements and redesigns to be made. Our proposed changes will lead to shorter lead times and low levels of WIP, which are important success factors of a JIT-based production philosophy. To do this we have developed a capacity analysis tool with which it is also possible to analyse other processing scenarios or the effect of load changes and/or product mix variations. This tool can also serve as a benchmark for capacity analysis of other processes. Finally, we have been able to establish more accurate costs per machine hour for full and partial annealing to be implemented in the managerial system. We believe that the processes for annealing are not the only ones suffering from poor cost control, why we would suggest that Sapa Heat Transfer investigates the cost distribution in more processes, and also develops and follows better guidelines for cost control.

Så länge som människor strövat omkring på jorden har det bytts och handlats med varor och tjänster. Det är i människans natur att göra affärer. Logistik och inköp har därför naturligt blivit stycken i den mänskliga handelshistorien, samhället men främst företag påverkas och påverkar denna nutidshistorias utveckling. Då konkurrens har blivit ett stort inslag för att lyckas i ett företag så har företag försökt hitta nya metoder för att hävda sig på den globaliseringen marknaden. De verktygen kan skilja sig från företag till företag beroende av vilka lösningar företag vill lösa men exempel på det kan vara Supply Chain Management som kommer att behandlas i denna uppsats. De andra teorier som kommer beröras är fusion, Just-in-Time och inköp. Dessa kommer att utifrån ämnet att appliceras på studieobjektet så att skillnader framkommer. Fallstudien som uppsatsen baseras på färgkedjan Colorama AB, där intervjun skedde med butiksägaren och ledamoten i styrelsen, Patrik Graff. För att även få en extern synvinkel på temat som denna uppsats behandlar har även en intervju med en seniorkonsult på managementföretaget Establish gjorts. Detta för att kunna se dessa två vinklar mor teorin och därefter kunna dra en slutsats. Syftet var att undersöka om Colorama efter sammanslagningen börjat styra sina leverantörer mer än innan men även se om de har ändrat i sitt logistiska tänkande då kedjan blev mycket större än den var innan sammanslagningen. När teorin jämförs med empirin framkommer ett klart samband att studieobjektet ligger närmare det klassiska synsättet när det gäller inköp av varor och relationer gentemot leverantörer. Colorama är i utvecklingsfasen då de endast funnits sedan i början av 2007 och mycket kan hända men det som har analyserats utav intervjun är att de kommer allt längre från sina leverantörer. / As long as humans have roamed the Earth, goods and services have been traded. It is in our nature to do business. Logistics and purchase have thanks to those facts become a part of the human trading history, its society but rather companies that have to changes to keep up with the changes of this era. But it’s also those companies and societies that alter this history era due to their business decisions and decisions to adept theories. Due to competitions companies have to come across new methods to struggle better on their globalized market. The method that are needed are different in all companies, one tool that can be adapted is Supply Chain Management. Other theories that will be mentioned in this essay are Just-In-Time, fusion and purchase. These theories will work as a map how to rule a modern company in aspects of logistics and purchase, our map will be applied on Colorama AB to see the differences between a reality and theory. To get a better grip of how reality looks like beside our case study, an interview was done with a senior consult of a management company that work with logistics. The main purpose of this essay was to examine if Colorama, after the fusion, have started to organize their deliverers more and if they had change their logistic thinking due to the new company size. The examination showed that Coloramas point of view were quite different from theory contains and Establish point of view, Colorama would rather be classified as a user of the classic theories rather than the ones mention above. Colorama are still a young company in their development phase and much will happened over time, but analyses shows that they drifting apart from their supplier.