The main objective of this study is to isolate the loopholes in Kenya’s anti-corruption machinery and explore mechanisms of sealing them. This study is particularly momentous as it seeks to explore and outline what lessons Kenya could derive from Botswana in order to realign its anti-corruption strategies so that it can achieve high levels of integrity in the public service. It is believed that this study will positively contribute to efforts by the Kenyan government, and by other African states similarly situated, to comprehensively address the high prevalence of corruption in the continent. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2007. / A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Dr Paulo Comoane od the Faculdade de Direito, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mocambique. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

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PhD (Finance), School of Economic and Business Sciences, UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND, JOHANNESBURG 8th June, 2016 / This study examines the relationship between financial innovation and financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya, as well as the drivers of financial innovations at both firm and macro levels. The financial innovations covered are the branchless banking models, which represent a departure from the traditional branch-based banking. More specifically, the financial innovations covered are: Mobile banking, agency banking, internet banking and Automated Teller Machines (ATMs). The study uses 10-year panel (secondary) data for the period spanning year 2004 to 2013. The study conducts an empirical analysis of the four types of financial innovations using three econometric models. The models have been specified using Koyck distributed lag models and estimated using dynamic panel estimation with System Generalised Method of Moments (GMM). The speed of adjustment of bank financial performance to financial innovation as well as the speed of adjustment of financial innovation to the financial innovation drivers has been tested using Koyck mean and median lags. The empirical results provide strong evidence of the link between financial innovations and bank financial performance with respect to Kenyan commercial banks. The study makes a number of other findings. Firstly, financial innovations significantly contribute to firm financial performance and that firm-specific factors are more important to the firm’s current financial performance than industry factors. Secondly, firm-specific variables significantly drive financial innovations at firm level with firm size being the most significant driver of financial innovation at firm level. The firm specific factors include firm size, transaction costs, agency costs, and technological infrastructure at firm level. Thirdly, macro level variables significantly drive financial innovation at firm level with regulation being the most important driver at macro level. The macro level drivers reviewed include: Regulation and taxes, incompleteness in financial markets, technological infrastructure at macro level and globalisation. Lastly, the existence of reverse causation between firm financial performance and firm financial innovation is established. The speed of adjustment of firm financial performance to financial innovation has been determined. The results show that it takes on average 1.179 years for bank financial performance to adjust to the four financial innovations studied. Secondly, it takes less than a year (0.368 years) to accomplish 50% of the total change in firm performance following a unit-sustained change in the financial innovations. Moreover, mobile banking has the shortest mean lag (2.849) while ATMs have the longest mean lag (4.926). Therefore, it takes approximately three years for mobile banking to adjust to financial innovation drivers at firm level and on average five years for ATMs to adjust to the financial innovation drivers. By and large, the speed of adjustment of financial innovations to macro level drivers is higher than the speed of adjustment of financial innovations to firm level drivers. This study has made significant contribution to the body of knowledge in the field of financial innovations. The study has developed an econometric model which captures four financial innovations in a single study and empirically used the model to test their link to firm financial performance. The second and third econometric models have also captured the drivers of financial innovations at firm and macro levels. The reviewed literature observes that previous studies have largely focused on financial products in developed countries at the expense of emerging financial innovations in developing countries. In addition, previous studies have also largely ignored empirical approaches to the study of financial innovations. This study has empirically established the link between financial innovations and firm performance by modelling the four innovations in single model in a developing country (Kenya) context. One of the major contributions of this study is the establishment of the speed of adjustment of firm performance to financial innovations and the speed of adjustment of financial innovations to financial innovation drivers at both firm and macro levels. Lastly, the study has developed an original conceptual financial innovation value model (Fig. 6.1), which will be used in future financial innovation studies. This study has a number of managerial and policy implications which have been reviewed in the study. / MT2017

In 2007 Sida received a lot of criticism for not keeping track of the Swedish aid to countries in Africa. Aid has been sent to developing programmes which have been poorly evaluated and where there have been high risks of corruption. The aim of this study is to view the implementation of the National Agricultural and Livestock Extension Programme (NALEP), which is the largest development extension programme in the East African country Kenya. The purpose of NALEP is to decrease the poverty and increase the production in the focal areas of the country. It is also supposed to increase the influence the small scale farmers have in their own production. Sweden has been funding the programme since the start in June 2000 and has been the only external financial supporter during the whole process. The programme started off with a five years plan and was later extended another five years. This paper will view the entire implementation process of the programme as well as evaluate whether or not the programme has been successful. The results received by the evaluation have shown that the programme has had a positive effect on the agricultural sector. The programme has also been a relatively successful way to increase the small scale farmers’ influence in the local political decision making processes.

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The research investigates the determinants and effects of two key indicators of diversification, schooling and employment, on Maasai community. Quantitatively and qualitatively it shows that this community is experiencing changing patterns of education and employment, both of which represent virtually closed systems within Narok District. The intergenerational study quantitatively demonstrates increasing rates of school participation, showing how wealth influences schooling, and how Maasai now disproportionately send firstborns to school. / Qualitative material from in-depth interviews shows increasingly positive attitudes towards education, even by those who do not educate their children, and the ambiguity of Maasai responses to social change: increasing social and economic complexity, with a strong continuing role for the animal-based society and economy, even in its commercialized form where it generates jobs pursued by younger non-educated males as herders and traders. As employment beyond the home economy increases, the educated are more likely to enter formal employment and show higher rates of job mobility.

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The thesis examines the "Tom Mboya Airlifts", a scholarship program which took place in 1959, 1960 and 1961 and sent Kenyans to study in North American universities. The "Airlifts" serve as a case study, and are used to illustrate particular aspects of the relationship between "pre-modern" social structures--known as the "economy of affection"--and the particular form of capitalism that developed in Kenya after independence.