This research investigates the properties of flours of different wheat varieties, belonging to the Canadian Western Red Spring (CWRS) and Canadian Prairie Spring Red (CPSR) wheat classes, for their suitability in making yellow alkaline noodles (YAN), a staple of Asian diets. Maximum cutting stress (MCS), Stress-Relaxation and Kieffer rig tests are traditional methods that were used to evaluate cooked YAN firmness. Ultrasound at 50 kHz was used to measure the rheological properties of raw YAN made from the various wheat classes/varieties. In general, higher protein CWRS wheat class flours produced firmer YAN, but some CPSR wheat varieties produced comparable if not firmer YAN despite being significantly lower in flour protein content. These differences were also evident from ultrasonic tests. My research demonstrates the suitability of Canadian wheat for YAN production as well as ultrasound’s ability to discriminate raw YAN rheological properties.

The pleasurable and euphoric effects of drugs play an important role in drug abuse; however, there are no established preclinical models for directly assessing the hedonic effects of drugs in rodents. The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate rat ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) as a potential method for measuring positive affective states associated with amphetamine reinforcement. USVs are high-frequency social signals that rats use to communicate with one another. Calls in the 50-kHz range are thought to be a sign of positive affect, since they are elicited by naturally rewarding stimuli, and are modulated by mesolimbic dopamine activity. At the time this dissertation was begun, the majority of USV research focused on natural rewards, such as sex and social interactions, and the USVs associated with repeated exposure to a drug or appetitive desire for a drug had not been studied. Therefore, the objective of this dissertation was to characterize the production of 50-kHz USVs during repeated administration of amphetamine within different paradigms commonly used to study the behavioral and motivational effects of stimulants in rats. First, I found that the 50-kHz USVs elicited by amphetamine were sensitized by repeated exposure, showing that USV expression parallels the sensitization of mesolimbic circuitry that is involved in the development of addiction. Second, I found that rats produce conditioned anticipatory 50-kHz USVs during exposure to cues that predicted amphetamine, with the magnitude of anticipatory calling increasing as drug-cue associations were learned and strengthened. Third, I found that the number of unconditioned 50-kHz USVs produced during the initial amphetamine exposure predicted the subsequent expression of anticipatory 50-kHz USVs, the development of conditioned place preference for an amphetamine-paired environment, and corticosterone responses to the drug. Overall, these findings suggest that 50-kHz USVs are an expression of behavioral arousal associated with both the positive effects of amphetamine itself, and the incentive-motivational states elicited by drug-paired cues. In addition, they show that the intensity of the initial 50-kHz USV response to amphetamine reflects individual differences in sensitivity to drug reinforcement. / text

This thesis covers a brief overview of the development of the energy meter technology as well as a division of the modern energy meters and a description of the functions of electromechanical and static energy meters. The thesis also contains a list and a simple description of the type tests in compliance with the applicable standards relevant to the energy meters. Furthermore, the thesis describes the impact of differential disturbances in the band from 2 kHz to 250 kHz. The paper also defines the IEC-61000-4-19 standard and describes the testing system for measuring the impact of differential disturbances in the band from 2 kHz to 150 kHz. The thesis includes a description of the data acquisition software that was created in the Matlab program. The final part of the paper focuses on a description of the results of parametric tests and the proposal for their adjustments.

A hull-mounted 38-kHz phased-array acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) was used to acoustically survey the continental margin of the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) during 6 cruises in 2002-2003. This is the first backscatter survey with a 38-kHz ADCP in the Gulf of Mexico. ADCPs have been used as a proxy to measure the volume backscatter return from plankton in the water column, however previous studies were restricted to the upper 200 to 300 meters due to the relatively high frequency of operation (150-300 kHz) of the transducers. In addition to measuring deep water current velocities, the 38-kHz phased-array ADCP can measure Relative Acoustic Backscatter Intensity (RABI) as deep as 1000 meters. The daytime depth of the main deep scattering layer at 400 to 500 meters was resolved, and locally high backscatter intensity can be seen down to 800 meters. The objectives were to determine how to analyze RABI from the instrument to resolve scattering layers, and then to seek secondary deep scattering layers of potential prey species below the main deep scattering layer, from 600 to 800 meters in the feeding range for Gulf of Mexico sperm whales. Based on RABI from the 38-kHz ADCP, secondary DSLs in sperm whale diving range were more commonly recorded over the continental shelf than in the deep basin region of the Gulf of Mexico. The daytime depths of migrating plankton showed variation depending on physical circulation features (cyclone, anticyclone, proximity to Mississippi river, and Loop Current) present. Vertical migrations compared between concurrently running 38 and 153-kHz ADCPs showed an overlap of acoustic scatterers recorded by the two instruments, however the 153-kHz instrument has much finer vertical resolution. Vertical migration rates were calculated and simultaneous net tow samples from one of the cruises was used to compare abundance estimates by the two methods.

Agência Nacional do Petróleo / O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido na regiao do canal central da Baıa da Ilha Grande e teve como objetivo, caracterizar através da geofısica (7,0 kHz) e de testemunhos a evolução sedimentar da regiao do canal central da Baıa da Ilha Grande. Os dados analisados neste trabalho foram provenientes de dois levantamentos de campo, um com perfilagem geofısica e outro com testemunhador. Os perfis sısmicos foram interpretados com a finalidade de identificar os diferentes tipos de eco. Os testemunhos foram processados, sendo coletadas amostras para realização de análises: granulométrica, teor de água, teor de carbonato e em um deles foram realizadas datações por Pb210. Os resultados mostraram que apesar de terem sido identificados sete tipos diferentes de eco pela interpretação sısmica, estes nao foram justificados quando comparados com os dados de testemunhagem. Estas distorções na sısmica podem ter sido geradas pela não utilização do TVG. O embasamento na parte mais estreita do canal central é mais profundo do que no restante dos registros, e apresenta indıcios de planos de falhas indicando que sua formação está ligada a abatimentos diferenciados. E nesta mesma regiao que foram encontradas feições tıpicas de erosao, tornando possıvel que esta regiao mais estreita do canal central, esteja sujeita à ação de correntes episodicas, fortes o suficiente para nao ocorrer sedimentac ao significativa como ocorre nas demais áreas. Os dados de datação por Pb210 mostram uma taxa de sedimentação de 6,0 mm/ano que pode ser adotada com restrições para a regiao por estar coerente com outros trabalhos realizados na Baıa da Ilha Grande. Devido às diferenças de espessura nas camadas sedimentares encontradas a NW e SE da área de estudo, pode-se sugerir que a sedimentação desta regiao está intimamente relacionada ao controle estrutural e diferenças no aporte sedimentar e hidrodinamismo. / This work was developed in the central region of the Ilha Grande Bay and was aimed to characterize the sedimentary evolution of the study region using sub-bottom profiler (7,0 kHz) and core data. The data was collected by two surveys, one of them using sub-bottom profiler and the other using core sampler. The shallow seismic profiles were interpreted in order to identify the echocharacters due to textural variations. The core data were processed and samples were collected for granulometric analysis together with, water contents and carbonate contents. In one of the cores, it was also done Pb210 dating. Although seven different kinds of echoes had been identified, it was not possible to justify them when comparing with the core data. This distortion in the seismic profiles could be due to the non-use of TVG. The data shows that the basement is deeper in the narrowest part of the central channel of the Ilha Grande Bay, when compared with the outermost parts of the seismic profiles. The seismic profiles show indications of fault plains, which could be related to the formation of the central channel of the Ilha Grande Bay. In this same region it was also found typical erosional feature, indicating that this region might be subject to sporadic currents. These currents seem to be intense enough to avoid significative sedimentation, in this area unlike other areas around Ilha Grande Bay. The Pb210 dating revealed a sedimentation rate of 6mm/year outermost from the narrow central channel. These results are similar to others research works in the Ilha Grande Bay. Because of the trapped sedimentary units founded, it can be suggested that the sedimentation is major related to the structural pattern and minor to sedimentary supply and hydrodynamics.

Gold wire bonding typically uses 60 KHz ultrasonic frequency. Studies have been reported that increasing ultrasonic frequency from 60KHz to 120KHz can decrease bonding time, lower bonding temperature, and/or improve the bondability of Au metalized organic substrates. This thesis presents a systematic study of the effects of 120 KHz ultrasonic frequency on the reliability of fine pitch gold wire bonding. Two wire sizes, 25.4 and 17.8 μm in diameter (1.0 and 0.7 mil, respectively) were used. The gold wires were bonded to metalized pads over organic substrates with five different metallization. The studies were carried out using a thermosonic ball bonder that is able to easily switch from ultrasonic frequency from 60 KHz to 120 KHz by changing the ultrasonic transducer and the ultrasonic generator. Bonding parameters were optimized through design of experiment methodology for four different cases: 60 KHz with 25.4 μm wire, 60 KHz with 17.8 μm wire, 120 KHz with 25.4 μm wire, and 120 KHz with 17.8 μm wire. The integrity of wire bonds was evaluated by the wire pull and the ball bond shear tests. With the optimized bonding parameters, over 2,250 bonds were made for each frequency and wire size. The samples were then divided into three groups. The first group was subjected to temperature cycling from -55°C to +125°C with one hour per cycle for up to 1000 cycles. The second group was subject to thermal aging at 125°C for up to 1000 hours. The third group was subject to humidity at 85°C/85% relative humidity (RH) for up to 1000 hours. The bond integrity was evaluated through the wire pull and the ball shear tests immediately after bonding, and after each 150, 300, 500, and 1000 hours time interval in the reliability tests. The pull and shear data are then analyzed to compare the wire bond performance between different ultrasonic frequencies.

Diese Arbeit konzentriert sich auf die Anwendbarkeit eines hochmodernen 100 kHz BB-VSFG-Spektrometers, das kürzlich im SALSA Photonics Lab entwickelt wurde, für die Analyse der Grenzflächenstruktur von Alkylketten, des sie umgebenden Wassers und der Phosphatkopfgruppen von Phospholipidschichten. Zunächst wurden Phospholipid-Doppelschichten, die mehrere Komponenten enthalten, bei Laserwiederholraten von 5, 10, 50 und 100 kHz mit konstanter Pulsenergie untersucht. Die BB-VSFG-Spektren legen nahe, dass die Phospholipid-Doppelschichten während der Messungen ohne wärmeinduzierte Veränderungen stabil waren. Darüber hinaus bot die Erhöhung der Laserwiederholungsrate eine praktikable Möglichkeit, Spektren in kurzen Datenerfassungszeiten zu erhalten, ohne dass das Signal-Rausch-Verhältnis beeinträchtigt wurde. Die extrem kurze Aufnahmezeit von 500 ms, die hohe spektrale Auflösung und alle verwendeten Pulsparameter sorgen dafür, dass bei Messungen unter Umgebungsbedingungen keine thermisch bedingten Photoschäden auftreten. Es wurde eine systematische Untersuchung von ein- und zweikomponentigen Phospholipid-Monoschichten in Abhängigkeit von der Oberflächenspannung und dem Mischungsverhältnis für verschiedene Kombinationen an Polarisationen durchgeführt und die Abhängigkeit der Schwingungsspektren untersucht. Die Struktur von Alkylketten und umgebendem Wasser wurde anhand derselben Modellsystemen analysiert. Bislang nicht beobachtete Schwingungsbanden und Spektren von Monolagen mit geringer Oberflächenbedeckung wurden mit einem bisher nicht erreichten Signal-Rausch-Verhältnis gemessen und beschrieben. Die Struktur von Phospholipid-Monolagen mit identischen Kopfgruppen und unterschiedlichen Ketten wurde analysiert und verglichen. Die Spektren bestätigten die Anwesenheit von Wassermolekülen in der Nähe der Phosphat- und Cholingruppen der Phospholipid-Monolagen. / This thesis focuses on the applicability of a state-of-the-art 100 kHz BB-VSFG spectrometer recently developed at the SALSA Photonics Lab and on the analysis of the interfacial structure of alkyl chains, surrounding water, and the phosphate head groups of phospholipid layers. First, multi-component phospholipid bilayers were studied at laser repetition rates of 5, 10, 50, and 100 kHz at constant pulse energy. The spectra suggest that the phospholipid bilayers were stable during the measurements with no heat-induced distortions. Moreover, an increase in the laser repetition rate provided a feasible route to obtain spectra in short data acquisition times without compromising the signal-to-noise ratio. The extremely short acquisition time of 500 ms, the high spectral resolution, and all applied pulse parameters ensured no thermal induced photodamages occur during the measurements. A systematic study of one- and two-component phospholipid monolayers as a function of surface tension and mixture ratio at different polarization combinations was performed and the dependence of the vibrational spectra was explored. The structure of alkyl chains and surrounding water was analyzed using the same model systems. Vibrational modes that were previously unseen and spectra of monolayers at low surface coverage were reported for the first time with an unprecedented signal-to-noise ratio. The structure of phospholipid monolayers containing identical head groups and different chains was analyzed and compared. The order of the phospholipid molecules as a function of the composition of the monolayers was inferred from the spectral data. The influence of the hydration and/or changes in the orientation of the phosphate group was visible from the spectra as well.

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Submitted by Wagner Henrique Rabelo (wagner144@bol.com.br) on 2018-07-26T20:18:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MESTRADO - WAGNER RABELO - VERSÃO FINAL.pdf: 3489307 bytes, checksum: 98e6a7b1b48eed69e255358e3a62fdd9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Lucilene Cordeiro da Silva Messias null (lubiblio@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-07-30T12:45:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rabelo_mh_me_bauru.pdf: 3537069 bytes, checksum: 6434660c8d96cc051a92066c85136ebc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-30T12:45:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rabelo_mh_me_bauru.pdf: 3537069 bytes, checksum: 6434660c8d96cc051a92066c85136ebc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-28 / O avanço das técnicas de deposição de filmes finos sobre as superfícies dos materiais tem permitido agregar valor e dar novas funcionalidades aos produtos. Atualmente, os filmes finos de óxido de estanho dopado com índio (ITO) têm encontrado grande aplicação no mercado. Entretanto, devido à pouca disponibilidade do índio na natureza e aos altos custos envolvidos na sua aquisição, elementos alternativos estão sendo estudados para sua substituição. Nesse contexto, destaca-se o óxido de zinco dopado com alumínio (AZO) como um promissor substituto, devido às características de elevada transmissividade, baixa resistividade e band gap da ordem de 3,37 eV, que permitem sua aplicação na síntese de filmes finos semicondutores. Com base no exposto, neste trabalho, foi projetado e desenvolvido o protótipo de uma fonte amplificadora de potência (FAP) de corrente alternada (AC) em baixa frequência, operando entre 15 a 40 kHz, responsável por iniciar e sustentar o campo elétrico utilizado para a geração do plasma. Esta FAP foi utilizada para a deposição de filmes finos de (AZO) por meio da técnica de magnetron sputtering. A análise das características morfológicas, ópticas e elétricas dos filmes de AZO produzidos neste estudo resultaram em uma transmitância superior a 80%, energia de band gap de 3,82 eV, e resistividade de 1,46.10-3 .cm, permitindo concluir que o filme produzido se comporta como um TCO (óxido transparente condutivo). A comparação desses resultados com trabalhos disponíveis na literatura, permite concluir que a fonte amplificadora de potência desenvolvida nesta dissertação possibilita a obtenção de filmes finos de AZO com condutividade e transparência superiores àqueles produzidos com fontes operando em radiofrequência, técnica atualmente disponível e amplamente utilizada no mercado. / The development of thin films deposition techniques allows to increase value and give new features to the materials. Currently, indium doped zinc oxide (ITO) is widely used in the market. However, due to the low availability of the indium in the nature and the high costs involved on its acquisition, alternative elements are being studied for its replacement. Aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) stands out as a promising substitute, mainly because of its characteristics, such as high transmissivity, low resistivity and band gap value of 3.37 eV. That allow the application of AZO in the synthesis of thin films semiconductors. In this work, it was developed a prototype of a plasma power source amplifier (FAP) to operate in alternating current (AC) and low frequency (15 - 40 kHz), responsible for initiating and sustaining the electric field used for plasma generation. This FAP was used to deposit AZO thin films by the technique of magnetron sputtering. The analysis of the morphological, optical and electrical characteristics of the AZO films produced in this study resulted in more than 80% transmittance, band gap energy value of 3,82eV, and resistivity of 1,46.10-3 .cm. The thin films synthetized was classified as transparent conductive oxide (TCO). The comparison of these results with the characteristics of similar films avaiable in the bibliography, allows to conclude that the power amplifier source developed in this dissertation makes it possible to obtain thin films of AZO with conductivity and transparency superior to those produced with RF magnetron sputtering, technique currently available and widely used in the market.