No description available.

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The majority of research on the endogenous opioid system has focused on various pain assays and the efficacy of different opioid agonists. However, minimal attention has been focused on the effects of gonadal hormones and their impact on the opioid peptide system. The present study was designed to determine the effects of modulation of gonadal hormones on the opioid receptor protein levels in Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-treated arthritic and non-arthritic male and female Lewis rats. Midbrain and spinal cord tissues were collected for comparison of the μ, δ, and κ receptor protein levels in arthritic and non-arthritic animals. Male gonadectomy did not dramatically impact opioid receptor protein levels, whereas female gonadectomy resulted in significant increases in opioid receptor protein levels. Furthermore, it was determined that MOR protein levels were greatest in male rats, while KOR protein levels were greatest in female rats regardless of arthritis condition or gonadal hormones.

No description available.

Kor inom mjölkindustrin drabbas ofta av juverinflammationen mastit, som orsakas av en mängd olika bakterier. Eftersom olika bakterier kräver olika behandlingsplaner finns ett behov att identifiera vilken bakterie som har orsakat mastiten. I nuläget finns två sätt att göra detta på, skicka in prover till en veterinär eller utbilda personal på plats för att analysera prover. Båda dessa alternativ är tids- och resurskrävande och kan leda till att mjölkföretagarna väljer att försöka behandla sina kor med antibiotika eller andra onödiga och potentiellt ohållbara metoder. Denna rapport beskriver det arbete som utförts av sju studenter under vårterminen 2018 i samband med kursen TDDD96 - Kandidatprojekt i programvaruutveckling. I projektet utvecklades en prototyp för ett system som med hjälp av ett neuralt nätverk klassificerar bakterier hos mastitdrabbade kor utifrån bilder på bakterieodlingar. Som gränssnitt mellan mjölkföretagare och klassificerare utvecklades en Android-applikation där slutanvändaren lätt kan ta bilder och mata in relevant information för att sedan skicka dessa till en server. Under implementationen av produkten delades projektgruppen in i tre delgrupper, varje delgrupp arbetade på ett av de tre delsystemen applikation, server och klassificerare. Projektgruppen använde sig av en Scrum-liknande arbetsmetodik där utvecklingsfasen delades upp i olika sprints. Den klassificerare som tagits fram har lyckats få en klassifikationssäkerhet som är i underkant med veterinärerna. Dock har klassificeraren stor potential och kan utvecklas till att vara en bra lösning till det presenterade problemet inom mjölkindustrin.

This paper uses feminist criticism and gender criticism as theory behind an analysis of Paul’s rhetoric. The aim is to make out his intentions of telling women to cover their hair in 1 Cor 11:2-16, in a context where several different cultures meet. The main question is Why does Paul write that women should cover their hair? To give more specific answers I also ask how and when he intends for it to be done, why women should cover their hair when men should not and what it meant for the Corinthians in their context. I argue that the natural differences Paul points out between men and women are not necessarily reason for inequality between them in societal hierarchies. Covering the hair of women in Corinth could be a way of protecting them from being taken advantage of (sexually). The directions Paul gives in 1 Cor apply to the gatherings but does not tell us what he thinks is appropriate in society in general. However, it would make sense for him to tell people not to disturb the societal order by going against the norms and wearing their hair differently outside of the churches.

<p>Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om det fanns olika personlighetstyper hos mjölkkor av raserna SRB och SLB och om dessa personlighetstyper skilde sig mellan ras, ålder och vilken sida djuren stått på i lösdriften. Korna observerades i tre olika testmiljöer för att se huruvida konsistenta de var i deras beteenden: ostörda i lösdriften, vid mjölkning och med ett främmande objekt i lösdriften. Beteenden som studerades var normala beteenden, sociala beteenden, tramp och sparkningar vid mjölkning och interaktioner med det främmande objektet. Tolv beteendevariabler användes i en PCA (principal component analysis) och visade två komponenter som tillsammans kunde förklara 51,2 % av den totala variansen. Den första komponenten speglade aggression och extraversion, som ingår i medgörlighet och extraversion i den mänskliga femfaktorsmodellen. Den andra komponenten speglade ett mer introvert beteende och rädsla, som går under extraversion och neuroticism i samma modell. Oberoende T-test visade inga signifikanta skillnader mellan någon av komponenterna och ras eller sida i lösdriften p>0,05, däremot en tendens till skillnad mellan den första komponenten och ålder, där den äldre gruppen individer visade tydligare personlighetsdrag p<0.1. Tidigare studier har visat att personlighetsdimensioner som medgörlighet, neuroticism och extraversion ofta förekommer bland flera arter. Då olika personligheter hanterar stressfulla situationer på olika sätt, är detta ämne av stor vikt när det gäller förbättrandet av djurens välfärd.</p> / <p>The purpose of this study was to investigate if different personality dimensions existed in dairy cows of two breeds (SRB and Holstein) and if these personality dimensions differed between breed, age and how the animals were placed in the loose housing system. To investigate behavioural consistency, the cows were observed in three different situations: uninterrupted in their home pen, during milking and with a novel object in their home pen. Normal and social behaviour was observed as well as stepping and kicking during milking and interactions with the novel object. Twelve behavioural variables were used in a principal component analysis, which showed two components that together explained 51,2 % of the total variance. The first component reflected aggression and extraversion, which are included in agreeableness and extraversion in the human five-factor model. The second component reflected fear and introversion, which are included in neuroticism and extraversion in the same model. Independent-samples T test showed no significant differences between any of the components and breed or placement in the loose housing system p>0,05, however there was a tendency between the first component and age, where the older group showed a more defined personality p<0,1. Other studies have showed that personality dimensions such as agreeableness, neuroticism and extraversion often exist in several species. Different personalities cope with stressful situations in different ways, making this topic relevant to the improvement of animal welfare.</p>

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om det fanns olika personlighetstyper hos mjölkkor av raserna SRB och SLB och om dessa personlighetstyper skilde sig mellan ras, ålder och vilken sida djuren stått på i lösdriften. Korna observerades i tre olika testmiljöer för att se huruvida konsistenta de var i deras beteenden: ostörda i lösdriften, vid mjölkning och med ett främmande objekt i lösdriften. Beteenden som studerades var normala beteenden, sociala beteenden, tramp och sparkningar vid mjölkning och interaktioner med det främmande objektet. Tolv beteendevariabler användes i en PCA (principal component analysis) och visade två komponenter som tillsammans kunde förklara 51,2 % av den totala variansen. Den första komponenten speglade aggression och extraversion, som ingår i medgörlighet och extraversion i den mänskliga femfaktorsmodellen. Den andra komponenten speglade ett mer introvert beteende och rädsla, som går under extraversion och neuroticism i samma modell. Oberoende T-test visade inga signifikanta skillnader mellan någon av komponenterna och ras eller sida i lösdriften p&gt;0,05, däremot en tendens till skillnad mellan den första komponenten och ålder, där den äldre gruppen individer visade tydligare personlighetsdrag p&lt;0.1. Tidigare studier har visat att personlighetsdimensioner som medgörlighet, neuroticism och extraversion ofta förekommer bland flera arter. Då olika personligheter hanterar stressfulla situationer på olika sätt, är detta ämne av stor vikt när det gäller förbättrandet av djurens välfärd. / The purpose of this study was to investigate if different personality dimensions existed in dairy cows of two breeds (SRB and Holstein) and if these personality dimensions differed between breed, age and how the animals were placed in the loose housing system. To investigate behavioural consistency, the cows were observed in three different situations: uninterrupted in their home pen, during milking and with a novel object in their home pen. Normal and social behaviour was observed as well as stepping and kicking during milking and interactions with the novel object. Twelve behavioural variables were used in a principal component analysis, which showed two components that together explained 51,2 % of the total variance. The first component reflected aggression and extraversion, which are included in agreeableness and extraversion in the human five-factor model. The second component reflected fear and introversion, which are included in neuroticism and extraversion in the same model. Independent-samples T test showed no significant differences between any of the components and breed or placement in the loose housing system p&gt;0,05, however there was a tendency between the first component and age, where the older group showed a more defined personality p&lt;0,1. Other studies have showed that personality dimensions such as agreeableness, neuroticism and extraversion often exist in several species. Different personalities cope with stressful situations in different ways, making this topic relevant to the improvement of animal welfare.

Albeit that often the only solution left to poor congregations in Africa is the practice of tentmaker ministry, this phenomenon remains problematic. There is a lack of job opportunities in the rural areas, and dividing one's time between the secular occupation and the ministry becomes increasingly complex. In the light of this situation, an (re–)evaluation of the Biblical foundations for being a tentmaker is certainly called for. Studies such as the book of Meggitt (1998), Paul, poverty and survival, stimulated renewed interest in the economic nature of Paul's ministry and the economic classes of the congregations where he ministered. Paul's offering of the gospel free of charge (1 Cor 9:18), and his sacrifice of "becoming a slave", offer interesting solutions for the poverty stricken churches in Africa, and in particular in Botswana. / Thesis (Ph.D. (New Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Albeit that often the only solution left to poor congregations in Africa is the practice of tentmaker ministry, this phenomenon remains problematic. There is a lack of job opportunities in the rural areas, and dividing one's time between the secular occupation and the ministry becomes increasingly complex. In the light of this situation, an (re–)evaluation of the Biblical foundations for being a tentmaker is certainly called for. Studies such as the book of Meggitt (1998), Paul, poverty and survival, stimulated renewed interest in the economic nature of Paul's ministry and the economic classes of the congregations where he ministered. Paul's offering of the gospel free of charge (1 Cor 9:18), and his sacrifice of "becoming a slave", offer interesting solutions for the poverty stricken churches in Africa, and in particular in Botswana. / Thesis (Ph.D. (New Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.