Syftet med detta arbete är att se om Kindleberger-Minskys modell fungerar för kriser som har inträffat efter modellen är skriven. Detta kommer att göras genom att testa om modellen går att applicera på asienkrisen som inträffade 1997. Denna undersökning riktar in sig på att förklara en krisanatomi, från uppkomsten av en bubbla till en krasch. Modellen som består av fem olika steg kommer att jämföras med asienkrisen genom att se på statistik som bör kunna peka på om modellen och stegen passar in eller ej. Kindleberger-Minskys modell fungerar till viss mån men kan inte ses som optimal. Jag har genom detta arbete kommit fram till att det kan behövas se över om en tredje generations modell skulle fungera. / The purpose of this papper is to examine of Kindleberger-Minskys model works on crisis that has occurred after that the model was done. This vill be done by testing if the model is applicable on the asian crisis that occurred in 1997. This investigation focuses on explaining a crisis anatomy, from the up come of a bubble to a crash. The model consists of five different stages that will be compared to the asian crisis by looking at statistics that should be able to point out it the model and the steps fit or not. Kindleberger-Minskys model works to some extent but can not be viewed as an optimal model. I have through this papper come to the conclusion that the thirdgeneration model deserves another look at to see if it could describe the asian crisis in a better way.

<p><strong><p>Title</p><p>The anatomy of financial crises and the current one´s effects on the Swedish<strong> economy.</strong></p><p>Authors</p>Ifete Binaku and Niklas Holmström<strong><p>Background</p></strong></strong></p><p>The subprime crisis started in the United States, but was soon transmitted to other<strong> </strong>countries and even to Sweden. The impact of the financial crisis has had negative consequences for the Swedish real economy, especially in its output. Since Sweden is a big exporting country, its macro economy has been negatively affected by the present global financial crisis.</p><p><strong><p>Purpose</p></strong></p><p>We are interesting to illustrate how the theories can explain the causes and effects<strong> </strong>of financial crises. Therefore, the aim of this study is simply to acquire knowledge on how the impacts on the Swedish economy can be described by theories on financial crises.<strong> </strong></p><p> </p><p>Method</p><p> </p><p>The theoretical models guided our choices of the financial and economic<strong> i</strong>ndicators. The thesis employed a quantitative research approach where the empirical materials are collected from the yearly data period: 2005 to 2009. The secondary analysis has been applied where yeas 2005 to 2009 were selected in order to get an overview of variables developments before financial crises started and in meantime.</p><p><strong><p>Results</p></strong></p><p>Our findings showed that the financial crisis has affected the Swedish economy negatively. Furthermore, the repercussion on the Swedish economy can be better explained by certain parts of the theories combined, than by one theory left alone.</p><p> </p>

Title The anatomy of financial crises and the current one´s effects on the Swedish economy. Authors Ifete Binaku and Niklas HolmströmBackground The subprime crisis started in the United States, but was soon transmitted to other countries and even to Sweden. The impact of the financial crisis has had negative consequences for the Swedish real economy, especially in its output. Since Sweden is a big exporting country, its macro economy has been negatively affected by the present global financial crisis. Purpose We are interesting to illustrate how the theories can explain the causes and effects of financial crises. Therefore, the aim of this study is simply to acquire knowledge on how the impacts on the Swedish economy can be described by theories on financial crises.   Method   The theoretical models guided our choices of the financial and economic indicators. The thesis employed a quantitative research approach where the empirical materials are collected from the yearly data period: 2005 to 2009. The secondary analysis has been applied where yeas 2005 to 2009 were selected in order to get an overview of variables developments before financial crises started and in meantime. Results Our findings showed that the financial crisis has affected the Swedish economy negatively. Furthermore, the repercussion on the Swedish economy can be better explained by certain parts of the theories combined, than by one theory left alone.

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L’objectif de cette thèse est de présenter la Banque islamique comme réponse à l’instabilité de l’économie de crédit. La lecture de la crise des subprimes au prisme du modèle post- keynésien de Minsky-Kindleberger permet d’affirmer que l’Hypothèse d’Instabilité Financière (HIF) débouche sur des propositions de gestion des crises financières. Car, si les crises sont inhérentes au capitalisme, il devient nécessaire et urgent de mettre en place des institutions à même de gérer les perturbations financières. Les réformes monétaires proposées au fil du temps par des éco- nomistes et le comité Bâle III posent le problème du développement bancaire. Dans le cas où la monnaie est séparée du crédit financier, soit le cas des reformes monétaires proposées par Fisher (1935) et ses disciples, nous rencontrons le problème du multiplicateur de crédit alors que le risque systémique est faible et il y a remise en cause de la nécessité du prêteur en dernier ressort dans ce système. Tandis que si la monnaie n’est pas séparée du crédit financier, cas des réformes monétaire proposées par des instruments de gestion tels que ceux proposées par Minsky (1982) ; Kindleberger (1989) ; Aglietta et Moutot (1993) ; Aglietta (2011) et le comité Bâle III, le risque systémique per- siste toujours. Dans ce dernier cas, c’est le prêteur en dernier ressort qui est le plus susceptible d’assumer l’objectif de la stabilité du système financier dans son ensemble en émettant de la liquidi- té ultime. L’étude comparative de deux cas de développement de banques islamiques, celui de l’Arabie Saoudite et celui du Pakistan, a montré que ces deux systèmes bancaires ont été confrontés au même problème que celui de la finance occidentale : le développement bancaire. Du fait que, si la monnaie est séparée du crédit financier – cas du Pakistan – les Banques islamiques sont à la fois moins vulnérables au risque systémique mais sont moins performantes. Alors que si la monnaie n’est pas séparée du crédit financier – cas de l’Arabie Saoudite – les banques islamiques sont plus vulnérables aux risques systémiques mais sont plus performantes. A contrario, même si la Banque islamique ne répond pas au risque systémique de l’Hypothèse de l’Instabilité de l’Économie de Crédit, elle résiste tout de même à la crise systémique de cette hypothèse du fait qu’elle ne peut en aucun cas conduire à une crise systémique comme celle des subprimes. Car, en contraste avec l’instrument du système financier conventionnel, les spécificités de l’instrument du système finan- cier islamique l’amènent à être moins vulnérable à la crise systémique. / The goal of this PhD is to analyze the Islamic bank model as a possible solution to the credit economy instability. Reading the subprime crisis through the post Keynesian model of Minsky-Kindleberger lenses allows us to assert that the Financial Instability Hypothesis (HIF) leads to proposals for financial crises management. If crises are inherent in capitalism, it becomes necessary and urgent to set up institutions able of managing financial perturbations. The monetary reforms suggested over time by economists and the Bale III committee too raises the problem of banking development. If money is separated from the financial credit, as in the example of Fisher (1935) and his followers monetary reforms shows, we run into the problem of the credit multiplier while the systemic risk is weak and the necessity of the lender of last resort in this system is questioned. Whereas, if money is not separated from the financial credit, as in the case of monetary reforms proposed by instruments of management such as those suggested by Minsky (1982), Kindleberger, Aglietta and Moutot (1993), Aglietta (2011) and Bale III, the systemic risk persists and this is, after all, the lender in the last resort who may assume the objective of the financial system’s stability in general by uttering of the ultimate liquidity. The development study of the two cases of Islamic banks, those in Saudi Arabia and those in Pakistan, showed the confrontation of these banks of the same problems noticed in the western finance. In fact, if money is separated from the financial credit, which is the case in Pakistan, Islamic banks are less vulnerable to systemic risk and are less efficient. While if money is not separated from the financial credit, as in Saudi Arabia, Islamic banks are more vulnerable to systemic risk and more efficient. However, even if the Islamic bank does not respond to the systemic risk of the Hypothesis of the Credit Economy’s instability, it answers as even to the systemic crises of this hypothesis. Hence, in all cases, it cannot lead to a systemic crisis similar to the subprime one. This is due to the fact that specification of the Islamic financial system instrument, in contrast to the instrument of the conventional financial system, is less vulnerable to the systemic crisis.