Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

The contribution of vasodilator prostaglandins and kinins to blood pressure regulation was studied during the infusion of different doses of angiotensin II in conscious rabbits. Angiotensin II was infused for 60 min. in each experiment. Indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, or Trasylol, a kallikrein inhibitor, was given at the 30 min. interval. Indomethacin caused a sustained increase in blood pressure during the infusion of pressor doses of angiotensin II. The range of the mean increase after prostaglandin synthesis inhibition was 3.4 to 6.0 and 3.0 to 9.4 mm Hg at angiotensin II infusion rates of 10 and 50 ng/kg/min respectively. In contrast, indomethacin did not alter blood pressure when the peptide was administered at subpressor levels. Trasylol did not alter blood pressure during infusion of angiotensin II. These results suggest that when blood pressure is maintained at supranormal levels by angiotensin II, the pressor action is attenuated by one or more prostaglandins; an event which is not mediated or assisted by changes in kinin metabolism

This document only includes an excerpt of the corresponding thesis or dissertation. To request a digital scan of the full text, please contact the Ruth Lilly Medical Library's Interlibrary Loan Department (rlmlill@iu.edu).

Submitted by Angela Maria de Oliveira (amolivei@uepg.br) on 2017-10-19T16:57:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Ana Paula Prestes.pdf: 3605204 bytes, checksum: c04bdcd5fbd85e3c01286278cea6ad0c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-19T16:57:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Ana Paula Prestes.pdf: 3605204 bytes, checksum: c04bdcd5fbd85e3c01286278cea6ad0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-30 / Processos inflamatórios estão associados ao aumento dos níveis plasmáticos de bradicinina (BK) e de seus metabólitos des-Arg9-bradicinina (DABK) e des-Arg10-Lysbradicinina. A ação das cininas é mediada pela ativação dos receptores B1 e B2. A BK age preferencialmente a partir da estimulação dos receptores B2 constitutivos. Em contrapartida, os metabólitos da BK atuam nos receptores B1 que são expressos somente em tecidos que sofreram trauma prévio ou infecção. Estudos propõem que a ação dos receptores B1 esteja correlacionada a processos inflamatórios crônicos tais como a periodontite. Desta maneira, o propósito deste trabalho foi investigar a participação dos receptores B1 e B2 para cininas na inflamação sistêmica e nas alterações cardiovasculares induzidas pela periodontite em ratos. Quatorze dias após a colocação de ligaduras para a indução da periodontite ou realização do procedimento de falso-operado, os animais foram submetidos ao experimento de edema de pata para diferentes agentes flogísticos – carragenina, BK, DABK, serotonina, histamina e prostaglandina E2. Além da avaliação edematogênica, a migração de células polimorfonucleares e a permeabilidade vascular no tecido da pata foram avaliadas após a indução do edema de pata mediado por carragenina. No mesmo intervalo de tempo realizou-se a avaliação das alterações na pressão arterial média para os agonistas dos receptores B1 e B2. Os níveis plasmáticos e teciduais (tecido da pata) de TNF-α e IL-β foram quantificados após três, sete e quatorze dias da indução da periodontite. A quantificação protéica do receptor B1 para cininas foi realizada 14 dias após a indução da periodontite. Os resultados obtidos para o procedimento de edema de pata mediado por carragenina demonstraram um aumento estatisticamente significativo no edema, na migração de células polimorfonucleares e na permeabilidade vascular nos animais do grupo ligadura. Nenhuma diferença entre os grupos ligadura e falso-operado foram observadas no edema de pata induzido por serotonina, histamina e prostaglandina E2. Nenhuma diferença entre os grupos ligadura e falso-operado foram observadas no edema de pata induzido por BK. Intessantemente, o grupo ligadura apresentou um aumento estatisticamente significativo no edema de pata induzido por DABK. Dessa maneira, o edema induzido por DABK caracterizou a participação dos receptores B1 no edema de pata no grupo ligadura, mas não foi observada uma alteração na quantificação protéica deste receptor entre os grupos experimentais. As alterações na pressão arterial média induzidas pelos agonistas da BK e DABK foram similares. Os níveis plasmáticos de TNF-α foram superiores no grupo ligadura após 3 dias da indução da periodontite. Em contrapartida, os níveis teciduais de IL-1β foram superiores no grupo ligadura. Os dados obtidos sugerem que a periodontite pode promover alterações na resposta inflamatória em tecidos distantes da cavidade oral. Dessa maneira, as alterações nos parâmetros inflamatórios podem alterar a ativação dos receptores B1 e esses receptores contribuírem nas alterações inflamatórias sistêmicas induzidas pela periodontite. / The inflammatory process is associated with increased plasma levels of bradykinin (BK) and its metabolites des-Arg9-bradykinin (DABK) and des-Arg10-lys-bradykinin. The kinins effects are mediated through B1 and B2 receptors activation. BK acts preferentially in the constitutive B2 receptors. In contrast, BK metabolites act in the B1 receptors that are expressed only in tissues that have undergone previous trauma or infection. Studies suggest that the action of the B1 receptor is correlated to chronic inflammatory processes such as periodontitis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the involvement of B1 and B2 kinin receptors in systemic inflammation and cardiovascular changes induced by periodontitis in rats. Fourteen days after the induction of periodontitis by ligature placement or sham procedure, animals were underwent to the paw edema procedure induced for different phogistic agents – carragenan, BK, DABK, serotonin and prostaglandin E2. In addition to the paw edema procedure the migration of polymorphonuclear cells and vascular permeability changes were evaluated after carrageenan-induced paw edema. In the same period of time the assessment of changes in mean arterial pressure for B1 and B2 receptors agonists were determinate. The plasma and tissue levels (paw tissue) of TNF-α and IL-1β were quantified after three, seven and fourteen days of periodontitis induction. The protein quantification (western-blotting) of B1 receptor was determinate after fourteen days of periodontitis induction. The results obtained for paw edema procedure mediated by carrageenan demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the edema, polymorphonuclear cells migration and vascular permeability in the ligature group. No differences between the ligature and sham group were observed in paw edema induced by serotonin, histamine and prostaglandin E2. No differences between the ligature and sham group were observed in BK-induced paw edema. Interestingly, the DABK-induced paw edema was increased at ligature group. Therefore the increase at edema induced by DABK-indicate the activation of the B1 receptors in the paw edema in ligature group, but changes in protein quantification of B1 receptor were not observed between experimental groups. The changes in blood pressure induced by BK and DABK agonist were similar. The plasma levels of TNF-α were higher in the ligature group after three days of periodontitis induction. In contrast, tissue levels of IL-1β were higher in the ligature group. The data suggest that periodontitis can promote changes in inflammatory response in tissues distant from oral cavity. Thus, alterations in inflammatory parameters can increase the expression of B1 receptors, and these receptors may contribute in the systemic inflammatory changes induced by periodontitis.

O melanoma malígno está entre os cânceres que mais têm aumentado nas últimas décadas representando um grande desafio terapêutico. Quando diagnosticado precocemente, as chances de cura por excisão cirúrgica com margens de segurança adequadas são altas. Entretanto, casos avançados de melanoma são resistentes às formas atuais de terapia; assim, um dos maiores desafios para a pesquisa em melanoma é a identificação de alvos moleculares para o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias de tratamento. A capacidade de impedir o desenvolvimento de um tumor depende do melhor entendimento das vias celulares e moleculares que operam no microambiente tumoral. Uma inflamação crônica e persistente contribui para o desenvolvimento do câncer, e mesmo tumores que não são epidemiologicamente ligados a patógenos, são caracterizados pela presença de componentes inflamatórios em seu microambiente. O Sistema Calicreínas-Cininas (SCC) é responsável por uma série de efeitos biológicos, como vasodilatação, modulação da dor e inflamação, contração/relaxamento da musculatura lisa e efeitos sobre a proliferação celular. A participação do receptor B1 de cininas é bem relacionada a processos inflamatórios; contudo, a relação entre o SCC e câncer ainda é pouco descrita na literatura. Com relação ao melanoma, não existem na literatura, estudos que relacionam a participação do SCC e essa patologia. Portanto, a identificação de mecanismos genéticos e de vias de sinalização que levam à formação e progressão tumoral é de extrema importância para um desenho racional de terapias. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar a participação do receptor B1 de cininas no desenvolvimento de melanoma. Primeiramente realizou-se ensaios in vitro com células de melanoma murino, B16F10, verificando-se a presença dos componentes do SCC nesta linhagem celular, bem como a capacidade de migração das células quando estimuladas com o agonista e antagonista do receptor B1. Posteriormente, induziu-se melanoma em animais selvagens e knockout para o receptor B1 e verificou-se expressão de citocinas, vias de proliferação e apoptose e vascularização nesses tumores a partir técnicas de PCR, western blotting e análise histológica. Observou-se que células B16F10 estimuladas com o agonista do receptor B1, diminuem a capacidade de migração. Tumores desenvolvidos em animais knockout para o receptor B1, possuem uma menor expressão gênica desse receptor quando comparados com tumores desenvolvidos em animais selvagens e apresentam vias de proliferação celular mais ativadas, além de uma vascularização irregular. Considerando esses resultados, sugerimos que o receptor B1 de cininas contribui para o impedimento da progressão tumoral, podendo, futuramente, ser um alvo terapêutico para o tratamento de melanoma. / Malignant melanoma is between the cancer types that most have been increased in the last decades, representing a therapeutic challenge. When it is early detected, chances of cure through surgical excisions with secure margins are high. However, advanced cases of melanoma are resistant to all types of therapies; thus, one of the most challenges for research in melanoma is the identification of molecular targets to further develop new strategies of treatment. The ability to blockade the development of a tumor depends on a better understanding of cellular and molecular pathways that operate in the tumor microenvironment. A chronic and persistent inflammation contributes to cancer development, and, even tumors that are not epidemiologically linked to pathogens present inflammatory components in their microenvironment. The Kallicrein-Kinin System (KKS) is responsible for several biological effects, like, vasodilatation, modulation of pain and inflammation, contraction/relaxation of smooth muscles and cell proliferation. The kinin B1 receptor is well related to inflammatory processes, however, the involvement of the KKS in cancer development is, yet, not well described in the literature. Regarding to melanoma, studies relating the involvement of the KKS in melanoma development is still not available. This way, identification of genetic mechanisms and signaling pathways that drive melanoma formation and progression is extremely important for designing rational therapies in the future. Thus, the aim of this study was evaluate the participation of the kinin B1 receptor in melanoma progression. First, in vitro assays with murine melanoma cells, B16F10, were performed to verify the presence of the KKS components in this cell lineage, as well as the capacity of migration when these cells are stimulated with the B1 receptor agonist and antagonist. Then, melanoma was induced in wild type and B1 receptor knockout mice and the expression of cytokines, proliferation and apoptosis pathways and vascularization were studied by PCR, western blotting and histological analyses. We observed that B16F10 cells stimulated with the B1 receptor agonist had their capacity of migration decreased. Tumors developed in B1 receptor knockout mice showed a lower expression of this gene comparing to the tumors developed in wild type animals, also presenting higher activation of proliferation pathways and abnormal vessels. Considering these results, we suggest that the kinin B1 receptor contributes to blockade, at least in part, the tumor progression which can, in the future, become a therapeutic target for melanoma treatment.

This thesis consists of three main parts. An introduction to diode-pumped solid-state lasers, thermal modelling of solid-state lasers and rate-equation modelling of solid-state lasers. The first part explains the basic components and operation principles of a typical diode-end-pumped solid-state laser. The stimulated emission process, solid-state laser gain media, various pump geometries and a basic end-pumped laser resonator configuration are among the topics that are explained. Since thermal effects are one of the main limiting factors in the power-scaling of diode-pumped solid-state lasers, the second part of this thesis describes numerical and analytical thermal models that determine the thermal lens and thermally induced stresses in a laser crystal. As a first step, a time-independent numerical thermal model which calculates the three-dimensional temperature distribution in the laser crystal is implemented. In order to calculate the time dependent thermally induced stresses in a laser crystal, a coupled thermal-stress finite element analysis model was implemented. Even though some steady-state analytical solutions for simple crystal geometries do exist, the finite element analysis approach was taken so that the time dependent thermally induced stresses could be calculated for birefringent crystals of various geometries. In order to validate the numerical results, they are compared to experimental data and analytical solutions where possible. In the last part, the population dynamics inside the laser gain medium are described and modelled with a quasi-three-level rate-equation model. A comprehensive spatially resolved rate-equation model is developed and discussed. In order to simplify the implementation of the rate-equation model as a computer simulation, the spatial dependence of the laser parameters is ignored so that the model reduces to a singleelement plane-wave model. The simplified rate-equation model is implemented and solved numerically. The model is applied to a four-level CW and Q-switched Nd:YLF laser as well as a quasi-three-level QCW Tm:GdV04 laser. The models' predictions are thoroughly verified with experimental results and also with analytical solutions where possible. / Thesis (M.Med.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2007.

Inflammation is the normal biological response to tissue injury, and is characterised by the interactive activation of multiple mediators and cell types. One response to tissue injury is the production of pain, not only by direct trauma to sensory fibres, but also through the release of mediators from sensory nerve terminals. One such mediator is kinin which is a vasoactive peptide considered to play a primary role in inflammation by causing constriction of venules, dilation of arterioles, increasing permeability of the capillary membrane, and interacting with sensory nerve terminal transmitters to evoke pain. The kinin forming enzymes (kallikreins) reach inflammation sites either on the surface of migrating neutrophils or by transudation from plasma. The kininogen molecule which contains the kinin moiety, has been localised on the external surface of the neutrophil, and provides the substrate from which kinins can be cleaved through enzymatic action. The cellular actions of kinins are mediated through B2 receptors, which are also located on the external surface of the neutrophils. In addition, the induced effects of kinins are regulated by B1 receptors. The formation of nitric oxide (NO) from arginine released from the kinin C terminus, and receptor membrane signal transduction by nitric oxide following kinin receptor activation is discussed. A molecular response to cell injury is the formation of chemotactic mediators that attract neutrophils to sites of inflammation. The question whether neutrophils contribute to circulating levels of kinins was examined in infections and inflammatory disorders. This novel hypothesis was tested using circulating neutrophils harvested from patients with tuberculosis meningitis and pneumonia. These neutrophils showed a distinct loss of only the kinin moiety from the kininogen molecule located on the external surface. The confocal images of fixed, permeabilised neutrophils provided multi-dimensional constructs, and the intensity of fluorescence reflected the relative amounts of the molecule present in both neutrophils harvested from healthy volunteers as well as patient blood. The immunocytochemical labelling experiments using colloidal gold as markers, confirmed, at the ultrastructural level, the presence or disappearance of the kinin moiety from the kininogen molecule on the neutrophil surface. The cell component of synovial fluid in rheumatoid athritis (RA) consists mainly of neutrophils. This study demonstrates the absence of the kinin moiety from circulating and synovial fluid neutrophils from patients with RA, as well as an increased signal from immunolabelled B2 receptors in synovial fluid neutrophils. These findings support the hypothesis that in RA, kinins are released during the inflammatory response in the joints, and suggests that there is an upregulation of the B2 receptor at the site of inflammation. Neutrophils chemotactically drawn to the site of inflammation become activated to release kinin from the kininogen molecule, and thereafter re-enter the circulation where they were harvested systemically. B2 receptors may be upregulated following activation by kinins or by other mediators present in the inflammatory milieu. Interleukin-1 has been shown to upregulate kinin receptors on human synovial cells. Anti-peptide antibodies to the loops of cloned B1 and B2 receptors have provided powerful probes for the cellular identification of the two kinin receptor families. Mapping of the B2 receptors showed upregulation on the neutrophils gathered from inflamed joints. However, no activation of the Br receptors was observed in normal blood neutrophils as well as those obtained from the different disease states. / Thesis (M.Med.)-University of Natal, 1996.

O melanoma malígno está entre os cânceres que mais têm aumentado nas últimas décadas representando um grande desafio terapêutico. Quando diagnosticado precocemente, as chances de cura por excisão cirúrgica com margens de segurança adequadas são altas. Entretanto, casos avançados de melanoma são resistentes às formas atuais de terapia; assim, um dos maiores desafios para a pesquisa em melanoma é a identificação de alvos moleculares para o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias de tratamento. A capacidade de impedir o desenvolvimento de um tumor depende do melhor entendimento das vias celulares e moleculares que operam no microambiente tumoral. Uma inflamação crônica e persistente contribui para o desenvolvimento do câncer, e mesmo tumores que não são epidemiologicamente ligados a patógenos, são caracterizados pela presença de componentes inflamatórios em seu microambiente. O Sistema Calicreínas-Cininas (SCC) é responsável por uma série de efeitos biológicos, como vasodilatação, modulação da dor e inflamação, contração/relaxamento da musculatura lisa e efeitos sobre a proliferação celular. A participação do receptor B1 de cininas é bem relacionada a processos inflamatórios; contudo, a relação entre o SCC e câncer ainda é pouco descrita na literatura. Com relação ao melanoma, não existem na literatura, estudos que relacionam a participação do SCC e essa patologia. Portanto, a identificação de mecanismos genéticos e de vias de sinalização que levam à formação e progressão tumoral é de extrema importância para um desenho racional de terapias. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar a participação do receptor B1 de cininas no desenvolvimento de melanoma. Primeiramente realizou-se ensaios in vitro com células de melanoma murino, B16F10, verificando-se a presença dos componentes do SCC nesta linhagem celular, bem como a capacidade de migração das células quando estimuladas com o agonista e antagonista do receptor B1. Posteriormente, induziu-se melanoma em animais selvagens e knockout para o receptor B1 e verificou-se expressão de citocinas, vias de proliferação e apoptose e vascularização nesses tumores a partir técnicas de PCR, western blotting e análise histológica. Observou-se que células B16F10 estimuladas com o agonista do receptor B1, diminuem a capacidade de migração. Tumores desenvolvidos em animais knockout para o receptor B1, possuem uma menor expressão gênica desse receptor quando comparados com tumores desenvolvidos em animais selvagens e apresentam vias de proliferação celular mais ativadas, além de uma vascularização irregular. Considerando esses resultados, sugerimos que o receptor B1 de cininas contribui para o impedimento da progressão tumoral, podendo, futuramente, ser um alvo terapêutico para o tratamento de melanoma. / Malignant melanoma is between the cancer types that most have been increased in the last decades, representing a therapeutic challenge. When it is early detected, chances of cure through surgical excisions with secure margins are high. However, advanced cases of melanoma are resistant to all types of therapies; thus, one of the most challenges for research in melanoma is the identification of molecular targets to further develop new strategies of treatment. The ability to blockade the development of a tumor depends on a better understanding of cellular and molecular pathways that operate in the tumor microenvironment. A chronic and persistent inflammation contributes to cancer development, and, even tumors that are not epidemiologically linked to pathogens present inflammatory components in their microenvironment. The Kallicrein-Kinin System (KKS) is responsible for several biological effects, like, vasodilatation, modulation of pain and inflammation, contraction/relaxation of smooth muscles and cell proliferation. The kinin B1 receptor is well related to inflammatory processes, however, the involvement of the KKS in cancer development is, yet, not well described in the literature. Regarding to melanoma, studies relating the involvement of the KKS in melanoma development is still not available. This way, identification of genetic mechanisms and signaling pathways that drive melanoma formation and progression is extremely important for designing rational therapies in the future. Thus, the aim of this study was evaluate the participation of the kinin B1 receptor in melanoma progression. First, in vitro assays with murine melanoma cells, B16F10, were performed to verify the presence of the KKS components in this cell lineage, as well as the capacity of migration when these cells are stimulated with the B1 receptor agonist and antagonist. Then, melanoma was induced in wild type and B1 receptor knockout mice and the expression of cytokines, proliferation and apoptosis pathways and vascularization were studied by PCR, western blotting and histological analyses. We observed that B16F10 cells stimulated with the B1 receptor agonist had their capacity of migration decreased. Tumors developed in B1 receptor knockout mice showed a lower expression of this gene comparing to the tumors developed in wild type animals, also presenting higher activation of proliferation pathways and abnormal vessels. Considering these results, we suggest that the kinin B1 receptor contributes to blockade, at least in part, the tumor progression which can, in the future, become a therapeutic target for melanoma treatment.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a infusão de angiotensina II (ANG II) modulava a expressão do receptor B1 (RB1) de cininas em aorta (AO),arteríolas mesentéricas (AM) de ratos Wistar e também verificar a influência do RB1 na pressão arterial e reatividade desses vasos sanguíneos através do agonista de RB1, DABK. Os ratos receberam por 28 dias infusão de ANG II ou de ANG II e antagonista de RB1. O DABK induziu relaxamento dependente de endotélio e NO em anéis de AO de ratos ANG II. A infusão de ANG II causou hipertensão arterial, aumento da expressão de RNAm de RB1 em AO e AM, da expressão protéica de RB1 em AO e disfunção endotelial caracterizada por diminuída resposta á acetilcolina (ACH).O antagonista de B1R não interferiu no desenvolvimento de hipertensão e na disfunção endotelial causada, mas aumentou a sensibilidade da AO à ACH e a expressão de NO Sintase nos ratos ANG II. Esses resultados nos permitem sugerir que a ANG II e cininas podem atuar sinergicamente no desenvolvimento das alterações vasculares observadas nesse modelo de hipertensão arterial. / The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the angiotensin II (ANG II) infusion modulates the kinin B1 receptor (B1R) mRNA, protein expression in aorta (AO) and mesenteric arterioles (MA) in Wistar rats. It was also verified the role of RB1 in the control of blood pressure and vascular reactivity using DABK a B1R agonist Rats were infused either with ANG II (400ng/Kg/min) or ANG II plus RB1antagonist(350ng/Kg/min) during 28 days.DABK induced endothelium-NO dependent relaxation in AO of ANG II rats. ANG II infusion caused hypertension, increased RB1 mRNA expression in AO and MA, protein expression in AO and caused endothelial dysfunction, characterized as a decreased maximal response to acetylcholine (ACH). The B1R antagonist did not interfere in the development of hypertension and endothelium dysfunction caused by ANG II, however, increased the sensitivity to ACH and NO synthase expression in AO of ANG II rats. Altogether, we may suggest that ANG II and kinins can act synergistically in the development of vascular changes in this model of hypertension.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-09-28. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:26:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 Publico-12890a.pdf: 1928691 bytes, checksum: e1cbc3ab85af6e4bc90c10550766fe7d (MD5). Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:26:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 2 Publico-12890a.pdf: 1928691 bytes, checksum: e1cbc3ab85af6e4bc90c10550766fe7d (MD5) Publico-12890b.pdf: 1540336 bytes, checksum: 7786d4d28a3b5762f4bd7f7137c3c3c0 (MD5) / A ativacao de receptores B1 de cininas no endotelio vascular desencadeia vias de sinalizacao que resultam na elevacao do Ca+2 intracelular e ativacao da enzima oxido nitrico sintase (NOS), seguido por producao de NO e vasodilatacao. Embora a inducao do receptor B1 e sua funcao durante a inflamacao tenha sido abordada por diversos estudos, a importancia de receptores B1 na homeostase vascular em condicoes fisiologicas nao esta totalmente elucidada. Para esclarecer essa questao, o presente estudo analisou a funcao endotelial e a producao de NO em camundongos nocaute do receptor B1 (B1 -/-) e selvagens (WT). O leito arteriolar mesenterico foi perfundido por solucao Krebs e respostas vasculares para Acetil-colina (ACh), nitroprussiato de sodio (SNP) e norepinefrina (NE) foram analisadas por um sistema de aquisicao de dados. Niveis plasmaticos de NO (ƒÊmol/L) foram analisados por deteccao dos derivados nitritos/nitratos atraves de metodo de quimioluminescencia e a producao vascular de NO foi avaliada em cortes histologicos de arteriolas mesentericas incubadas com DAF-2 DA, um marcador fluorescente de NO (unidades arbitrarias, u.a.). A atividade da NOS (pmol/mg.min) foi mensurada atraves da conversao bioquimica de L-[3H]arginina para L-[3H]citrulina em homogenatos de vasos mesentericos na presenca de substrato e co-fatores. Celulas endoteliais primarias foram incubadas com DAF-2 DA e as imagens obtidas em microscopio confocal foram analisadas por densitometria optica (u.a.). Celulas foram estimuladas com ACh [1 mmol/L] na presenca ou ausencia de Larginina, o substrato da NOS, ou tetrahidrobiopterina (BH4), co-fator da NOS, ou acido ascorbico, composto antioxidante. Producao de anion superoxido (u.a.) foi avaliada em celulas endoteliais incubadas com di-hidroetidina, um marcador fluorescente de anion superoxido, na presenca ou ausencia de BH4 ou acido ascorbico. Arteriolas mesentericas de B1 -/- exibiram severo comprometimento da vasodilatacao mediada por ACh, sem alteracoes na resposta ao NPS e NE. Os niveis circulantes de NO foram consideravelmente reduzidos em B1 -/- (49,6 } 10,5*; n=6) vs WT (141,9 } 17,3; n=6 ), acompanhado por reducao da producao basal de NO em arteriolas mesentericas de B1 -/- (0,16 } 0,03*; n=6) quando comparado a WT (0,58 } 0,08; n=4). A atividade da NOS foi elevada em amostras de B1 -/- (3,4 } 0,58*; n=4) em comparacao a WT (1,9 } 0,05; n=5). A producao de NO mediada por ACh foi significantemente reduzida em celulas endoteliais de B1 -/- (35,8 } 3,1*; n=4) quando comparado a celulas de WT (66,9 } 3,2; n=4). A producao de NO em celulas endoteliais de B1 -/- foi revertida por incubacao com BH4 (54,3 } 1,7; n=4) e acido ascorbico (101,8 } 6,0; n=4), mas nao por L-arginina, enquanto incubacao de celulas endoteliais de WT com BH4, acido ascorbico ou L-arginina nao teve efeito. A producao elevada de anion superoxido em celulas endoteliais de B1 -/- (77,1 } 2,5*; n=4) quando comparado a WT (29,3 } 6,9; n=4) foi revertida pela incubacao com acido ascorbico (35,3 } 6,4; n=3). O severo comprometimento da vasodilatacao mediada pelo endotelio acompanhado por reducao da biodisponibilidade de NO, apesar do aumento da atividade da NOS, sugere a exacerbacao da inativacao de NO em endotelio de B1 -/-. A producao elevada de anion superoxido em endotelio de B1 -/- provavelmente e responsavel pela exacerbacao da inativacao de NO nestes animais. Adicionalmente, a inativacao de BH4 por peroxinitrito pode acarretar em desacoplamento da NOS e producao de anion superoxido pela enzima. / Activation of B1 receptor in the vascular endothelium triggers diverse signaling pathways that results in elevation of intracellular Ca2+ and Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) activation, followed by NO production and vasodilation. Although much has been investigated about the B1-induction and functionality during inflammation, the importance of B1 subtype in normal vessels remains unclear. To clarify this question, the present study analyzed endothelial function and endothelial NO generation in B1 receptor knockout (B1 -/-) and Wild Type (WT) mice. Mesenteric arteriolar bed was perfused with Krebs solution and vascular responses to Acetilcholine (ACh), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and norepinephrine (NE) were evaluated by a data acquisition system. Plasmatic NO levels (μmol/L) were analyzed by NO derivatives nitrate and nitrite using NO Analyzer (NOATM280, Sievers Instruments) and vascular NO generation was assessed in mesenteric arterioles slices using DAF -2 DA, a fluorescent cell permeable dye for NO (arbitrary units, a.u.). NOS activity (pmol/mg.min) was measured by the biochemical conversion of L-[3H] arginine to L-[3H] citrulline in homogenates of mesenteric vessels in the presence of optimal levels of substrate and co-factors. Primary endothelial cells were incubated with DAF-2 DA and images obtained in a confocal microscope were analyzed by optic densitometry (a.u.). Cells were stimulated with ACh [1 mmol/L] in presence or absence of the NOS substrate Larginine, or the co-factor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), or the antioxidant compound ascorbic acid. Production of superoxide anion (a.u.) was assessed in endothelial cells incubated with dihydroethidine, a fluorescent cell permeable dye for superoxide anion, in the presence or absence of BH4 or ascorbic acid. Mesenteric arterioles from B1 -/- exhibited a severe impairment of ACh-vasodilation for all tested doses, with no changes in the response to SNP and NE. Circulating NO was markedly decreased in B1 -/- (49.6 ± 10.5*; n=6) vs WT (141.9 ± 17.3; n=6 ), accompanied by reduced basal NO release in mesenteric arterioles from B1 -/- (0.16 ± 0.03*; n=6) when compared to WT (0.58 ± 0.08; n=4). NOS activity was elevated in mesenteric homogenates from B1 -/- (3.4 ± 0.58*; n=4) in comparison to WT (1.9 ± 0.05; n=5). ACh-induced NO release was markedly reduced in primary cultured endothelial cells from B1 -/- (35.8 ± 3.1*; n=4) in comparison to WT cells (66.9 ± 3.2; n=4). NO release in endothelial cells from B1 -/- was reversed by incubation with BH4 (54.3 ± 1.7; n=4) and ascorbic acid (101.8 ± 6.0; n=4), but not by L-arginine, while incubation of endothelial cells from WT with BH4, ascorbic acid or L-arginine had no effect. Elevated production of superoxide anion in endothelial cells from B1 -/- (77,1 ± 2,5*; n=4) in comparison to WT (29,3 ± 6,9; n=4) was reversed by incubation with ascorbic acid (35,3 ± 6,4; n=3). The severe impairment in the endothelial-mediated vasodilation accompanied by decreased NO bioavailability, despite the augmented NOS activity, strongly indicates an exacerbation of NO inactivation. Reduced NO availability may be preceded by exacerbation of NO inactivation by superoxide anion, which can leads to inactivation of BH4 in vascular endothelium, resulting in NOS uncoupling and NOS derived production of superoxide anion. / TEDE