Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-06T12:25:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PABLO THIAGO CORREIA DE MOURA -TESE (PPGCS) 2016.pdf: 2000892 bytes, checksum: 5a269783fd2450ddd48d836e52628492 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T12:25:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PABLO THIAGO CORREIA DE MOURA -TESE (PPGCS) 2016.pdf: 2000892 bytes, checksum: 5a269783fd2450ddd48d836e52628492 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-26 / No início do Século XXI, algumas das principais democracias políticas sul-americanas foram governadas por partidos políticos cuja origem política é na esquerda, de viés nacional-popular. Dentre elas, destacamos a Argentina, com os governos de Néstor e Cristina Kirchner. Ante essa atuação pragmática e institucionalista, uma esquerda classista e revolucionária, alicerçada nas bases marxista-trotskistas do socialismo e do comunismo, atua opondo-se, no campo das esquerdas, a esse governismo. Em uma conjuntura em que um processo de ruptura revolucionária não parece se apresentar em médio e em curto prazos, nesse cenário, como esses partidos atuam em relação governos kirchneristas? Trabalhamos com a hipótese de que a arena eleitoral funcionou como subsidiária para as lutas extrainstitucionais, especialmente em âmbito sindical. O objetivo geral foi de compreender as ações – táticas e estratégicas – da esquerda trotskista argentina (socialista e revolucionária) no cenário atual de governos kirchneristas, a partir da análise das experiências dos partidos trotskistas argentinos (PTS, PO e IS). Na análise, contemplamos o referencial teórico marxista-trotskista para caracterizar e identificar a formação, a organização e as ações dos partidos políticos PTS, PO e IS, que comungam com semelhante pensamento político. E para analisar a conjuntura da Argentina kichnerista, recorremos às categorias analíticas trotskistas: revolução permanente, desenvolvimento desigual e combinado e ao programa de transição, que serviram para entender a atuação desses partidos à luz da teoria política que os guia, especialmente na caracterização do seu principal adversário político, o que nos possibilitou compreender as tarefas a desempenhar no confronto político com o governo, vislumbrando um horizonte maior da luta de classes. Privilegiamos a utilização de fontes argentinas para elaborar esta pesquisa, tais como: documentos dos supramencionados partidos, livros, artigos e periódicos produzidos na Argentina, assim como dados obtidos em Institutos de Economia e Política. Os resultados obtidos na pesquisa apresentaram, no campo sindical, dois projetos distintos: o sindicalismo burocrático (kirchnerista) e o sindicalismo de base (dos partidos trotskistas), que disputam as comissões internas de fábricas e repartições (locais de trabalho); no campo eleitoral, procuram desenvolver uma oposição operária, classista e socialista ao governo e apontam a saída anticapitalista como a única possível para os trabalhadores e as massas, com destaque para sua independência política. / In the beginning of the XXI century, some of the major South American political democracies are governed by political parties, which have their political origin in the left wing and center-left wing with national-popular tendency; among these we highlight Argentina with the governments of Néstor and Cristina Kirchner. Face of this pragmatic action and institutionalist, a class left and revolutionary, based on Marxist socialism and communism bases acts opposing in the left field this government. In a conjuncture which a revolutionary rupture process does not seem to present the short and medium term, in this scenario, as these parties act opposite the Kirchnerist governments. We hypothesized that the electoral arena operates as a subsidiary for extrainstitucionais struggles, especially in trade union level. The overall objective was to understand the actions - tactical and strategic - the Argentine Trotskyist left (socialist and revolutionary) in the current scenario of Kirchneristas governments, from the experience of the analysis of the Argentine Trotskyist parties (PTS, PO and IS). In the analysis we contemplate the Marxist-Trotskyist theoretical framework for the characterization and identification of training, organization, actions of political parties PTS, PO and IS which share similar political thought, as well as the situation analysis of Argentina Kirchner, whose which we use the Trotskyists analytical categories: permanent revolution, uneven and combined development and transition program, these served to understand the role of these parties the light of political theory that guides them, especially in the characterization of his main political opponent, making it possible to understand the tasks to be performed in the political confrontation with the government envisioning a larger horizon of the class struggle. The focus is the use of Argentine sources for construction of this research, such as: documentos dos supramencionados partidos, livros, artigos e periódicos produzidos na Argentina, assim como dados obtidos em institutos de economia e política. The results obtained in the research presented in the trade union field two different projects: bureaucratic unionism (Kirchner) and base unionism (of Trotskyist parties) competing for the internal commissions of factories and offices (workplaces) in the electoral field try to develop a working opposition, classist and socialist to the government, putting out anti-capitalist as the only possible for the workers and the masses, highlighting its political independence.

This master's thesis describes economic and socio-political development of Argentina from 1976 up until the current situation. The last chapter introduces the perspectives of the future development as well. During this period, Argentina experienced a lot of changes when the country switched from policy of ISI to neoliberalism which was the main policy of Argentina from 1976 until the default in 2001, with the exception of Alfonsín's presidency. The thesis deals with the main causes of this default. The next part of the work examines what led the country to the economic recovery after 2002 and explains the changes that have occured during the period of Kirchnerism.

Le 25 mai 2003, le peuple argentin assistait à l’investiture présidentielle du candidat du Frente Para la Victoria, Néstor Kirchner. Suite à la défection de Carlos Menem pendant l’entre-deux tours, il est élu avec 22% des suffrages. Malgré cette faible légitimité, il réussit à insuffler un changement certain dans la politique argentine. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est de montrer comment Néstor Kirchner est arrivé à imposer un nouveau système de référence et à tourner la page du passé néolibéral qui a conduit le pays à l’effondrement. Pour cela, notre travail se concentre d’abord sur la présentation nécessaire du contexte économique et politique antérieur aux élections de 2003. Cette contextualisation permet de mieux cerner les conditions dans lesquelles Néstor Kirchner est porté au pouvoir. Ensuite, nous étudions la lutte idéologique qui se met en place, notamment à l’intérieur même du péronisme, afin d’identifier les processus qui permettent au discours kirchnériste de devenir discours dominant. Enfin, il s’agira d’étudier les points de ruptures ou de convergences du kirchnérisme avec le populisme et le péronisme afin de mieux le caractériser. De plus, le décès de Néstor Kirchner survenu le 27 Octobre 2010 a provoqué un véritable choc. Aussi, l’étude de la figure post mortem de Kirchner permet de prendre la mesure du phénomène K, dans le sens où il symbolise à la fois une réhabilitation du politique, une reconstruction de la nation argentine et une refondation du péronisme au XXIème siècle. / On 25 May 2003, argentinian population attended the presidential nomination of the "Frente Para la Victoria" party candidate, Néstor Kirchner. Thanks to the defection of Carlos Menem between the two rounds, he was elected with 22% of votes. Despite this weak legitimacy, he succeeded in impulsing changes in Argentina political agenda. The purpose of this thesis is to show how Néstor Kirchner managed to impose a new system as a new reference, and to move on from a neoliberal past which led the country to collapse. Therefore, our work first focuses on a necessary presentation of economic and political background prior to 2003' elections. Such contextualisation allows us to have a better understanding of the conditions in which Néstor Kirchner reached the presidency. Then, we study the ideological struggle taking place afterwards, particularly within peronism itself, in order to identify the processes allowing the kirchnerist line to become a dominant speech. Finally, we will focus on Kirchnerism’s breakpoints or convergences with Peronist populism for a better characterization. In addition, the death of Néstor Kirchner the 27th of october 2010 caused a real shock. Also, the study of the postmortem figure of Kirchner allows us to estimate the "K" phenomenon, in the sense it symbolizes as well a rehabilitation of politics as a reconstruction of the argentinian nation, or an overhaul of peronism in the XXIst century.