Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2002. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 332 p. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Kenneth J. Andrien, Dept. of History. Includes bibliographical references (p. 310-332).

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This thesis focuses on political and economic development during the peronist governments. This does not mean just the periods of Perón's rule, but also the governments in the nineties and early in the new millennium. The thesis is divided into three chapters, which are further divided into various subsections. The first part deals with peronist movement and economic and political characteristics of the three J. D. Peron's governments. The second chapter focuses on the Carlos Menem's rule, especially on his neo-liberal reforms. Final section analyzes the causes of economic crisis in Argentina and then describes the course as well. Attention is also paid to postcrises development in both economic and political area.

This dissertation examines the emotional life of populism among supporters of Argentina’s Kirchnerist Movement. In 2005, the late political philosopher Ernesto Laclau, himself, a Kirchnerist, argued that populism held the promise of radically democratic representation and governance, arguing that the identification of a common enemy had the power to unite disparate political forces across traditional social division. This bold endorsement of populism was met with skepticism and rebuke, as many scholars went on to argue that populism is a corruption of liberal democracy whose demonizing obsession with an enemy is revelatory of authoritarian and even totalitarian tendencies. Yet, both scholars that are against populism or for it share the assumption that it mobilizes “the people” against a common, known, and easily recognizable enemy. In contrast, “Peronism Is a Sentiment” argues that in populist politics, affection is as least as important as antagonism; furthermore, populism’s intense valorization of comradeship produces a social environment in which populist comrades express more concern about the potential betrayal of their beloved comrades than they do about the machinations of a common enemy. Consequently, while antagonism towards an external enemy is certainly a central component of populist cosmologies, this antagonism is manifests itself most significantly internally, as formerly beloved comrades are denounced as traitors. I examine the social dynamics of populist comradeship through an ethnographic study of Kirchnerist activists known as “political militants” (militantes políticos). These individuals view themselves as carrying on the political tradition of Peronism—Argentina’s enduring brand of populism, which, through its complicated and contradictory history has always exalted the values of love and loyalty, while simultaneously warning of the threat of betrayal. Over six chapters, I trace the affective vicissitudes of Kirchnerist militancy, investigating interconnectedness of affection, trust, suspicion, and accusation in the Kirchnerist and Peronist cosmology. In chapter 1, entitled “Peronism is a Sentiment,” I explore the relationship between ideology and affect through a description of the mercurial ideological orientation of Peronism over its contradictory history. Chapter 2, “The Place of Solidarity and Fellowship” focuses on community service activities of militants, who attribute different meanings to these practices, exposing fissures in supposed ideological consistence and the unity of comradeship. Chapter 3, “Only the Organization Can Defeat Time,” examines the dynamics of class difference within the Movement. Chapter 4, “A Traitor to His Class,” analyzes how notions of loyalty and betrayal are tethered to Peronism’s valorization of “authenticity” (autenticidad) and the consolidation of a cult of personality around Kirchnerism’s leader, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner. Chapter 5, “A Peronist Works for the Movement,” focuses on the role of oratory and charisma in performances of loyalty. Chapter 6, “I Embrace You with the Affection and Loyalty of Always,” investigates the relationship between personalism and fictive kinship to underscore the vital importance of the tensions between allegiance and alliance in notions of political community. These chapters provide an intriguing and clarifying story of populist enchantment, the appeal of political brotherhood, and the accompanying preoccupation with internal enemies. “Peronism Is a Sentiment” makes a novel contribution to studies of populism that have been remiss in ignoring the centrality of affection in populist cosmologies, and the inevitability of sectarianism that comes along with it. This dissertation was written as populist movements and parties emerged across regions and ideologies, challenging and redefining paradigms of governance and remaking the rules of geopolitics. Consequently, it is a timely contribution to interdisciplinary dialogues that seek creative approaches to pressing contemporary problems, demonstrating the value of anthropological theory and ethnographic research methods in grappling with questions of politics and the political.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-10-21T17:23:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Renata Alves Melki de Souza.pdf: 5291280 bytes, checksum: c4d0469f3cf8bf21b29a8c04b4f69032 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-21T17:23:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renata Alves Melki de Souza.pdf: 5291280 bytes, checksum: c4d0469f3cf8bf21b29a8c04b4f69032 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This dissertation intends to analyze the image of Eva Perón, between 1939 and e1955 as sources, I'll use the press, Brazilian newspapers, Argentines and the biography 'the Reason of my life,' published in 1951 in Buenos Aires, the other end of this research is to question what was the role of Eva in the Peronist government, which the focus and the look of the press when it comes to the first lady of Argentina and the directions that lead to have this position In addition to show how Perón Argentina is inserted, as the Colonel came to power and the importance of workers for the regime. The work is relevant, therefore, Avoids was one of the most important women of the 20th century, for his performance and his political charisma with the population, also because of the permanence of his memory and Peronism, the papers and biography will be analyzed fully observing its structure, movement, positioning and relations, not only by the news itself. A support frame is the ample bibliography used, that will help me understand how Peronism was organized politically, the political life and work of Maria Eva Duarte and its importance to the polity, workers, trade unions as the basis for the government, its origin and the relationship built even before Perón to the presidency, especially the devotion of Evita, as social action and Justicialism became his reason for living and her enthusiasm for the cause of the humble / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo a análise da imagem de Eva Perón, entre de 1939 a 1955 e utiliza como fontes de pesquisa a imprensa, brasileira e argentina, e a biografia “A Razão de minha Vida”, publicada em 1951, em Buenos Aires. Outro fim desta pesquisa é questionar qual foi o papel de Eva no regime peronista, qual o foco e o olhar quando se fala da primeira-dama argentina e quais os direcionamentos que levaram a imprensa a ter esta posição, além de mostrar como a Argentina de Perón está inserida no contexto mundial. Como o coronel chegou ao poder e qual a importância dos trabalhadores. O trabalho é relevante, pois Evita foi uma das mulheres mais importantes do século XX, seja por sua atuação política e seu carisma com a população, seja pela permanência de sua memória e do próprio peronismo. Os jornais e a biografia serão analisados inteiramente observando sua estrutura, circulação, relações e posicionamento, não somente pela notícia em si. Um referencial de apoio é a farta bibliografia utilizada, que me forneceu subsídios para compreender como o peronismo se organizou politicamente, a vida e atuação política de Maria Eva Duarte e sua importância para o regime, possibilitou ainda o entendimento do papel dos operários, sindicatos e grêmios como base para o governo, aclarou a origem de Eva e a relação construída com Perón mesmo antes dele chegar à presidência e, principalmente, a devoção de Evita à ajuda social e ao Justicialismo, que se tornaram sua razão de viver e alimentaram seu fervor pela causa dos humildes

Esta pesquisa objetiva analisar as representações dos imaginários políticos argentinos durante os anos de 1973 e 1984, por meio dos cartazes de propaganda produzidos no período. Estes anos selecionam um período conturbado da história argentina, o governo peronista (1973) e o governo militar do Processo de Reorganização Nacional (1976-1983), em que as posições políticas se acirram em nome de projetos para a nação e, após a violenta e sistemática repressão da ditadura provocou mudanças sensíveis na forma de atuação política. A escolha do cartaz como fonte para a análise desta pesquisa histórica de dá por este se configurar como um veículo de difusão e circulação de mensagens de caráter efêmero, mas que possui potencial para atingir um grande número de pessoas. Essa fonte compõe um elemento rico em representações dos imaginários políticos, sobre as visões e concepções de futuro e das críticas e anseios que seus grupos elaboradores desejavam divulgar para um grande público. As fontes visuais possibilitam um sem número de inferências, mobilizam elementos simbólicos, culturais, políticos, históricos, nacionais e universais, sempre partilhando com seu observador as referências representacionais para, enfim, cumprir seu papel de comunicar uma mensagem idealizada por seus realizadores. Nesta pesquisa, a análise dos cartazes procura revisitar um período conturbado da história argentina e, por meios destes, reconstruir parte do imaginário político do período. / This research aims to analyze the representations of imaginary Argentine politicians during the years 1973 and 1984, by means of propaganda posters produced in the period. These years select a turbulent period in Argentine history, the Peronist government (1973) and the military government of the National Reorganization Process (1976-1983), in which the political positions is stoked on behalf of projects for the nation and, after violent and systematic repression of the dictatorship generated sensible changes in the form of political action. The choice of the poster as a source for analysis of historical research gives for this is set up as a vehicle for the dissemination and circulation of messages ephemeral, but which has the potential to reach large numbers of people. This source comprises an element rich representations of the political imaginary, the visions and conceptions of the future and criticisms and concerns that their groups drafters wished to disseminate to a wide audience. Visual sources allow any number of inferences, mobilize symbolic elements, cultural, political, historical, national and universal, always sharing with its observer representational references to finally fulfill its role of communicating a message designed by their makers. In this research, the analysis of the posters attempts to revisit a period of Argentine history and troubled by these means, to rebuild part of the political imaginary of the period.

Esta pesquisa objetiva analisar as representações dos imaginários políticos argentinos durante os anos de 1973 e 1984, por meio dos cartazes de propaganda produzidos no período. Estes anos selecionam um período conturbado da história argentina, o governo peronista (1973) e o governo militar do Processo de Reorganização Nacional (1976-1983), em que as posições políticas se acirram em nome de projetos para a nação e, após a violenta e sistemática repressão da ditadura provocou mudanças sensíveis na forma de atuação política. A escolha do cartaz como fonte para a análise desta pesquisa histórica de dá por este se configurar como um veículo de difusão e circulação de mensagens de caráter efêmero, mas que possui potencial para atingir um grande número de pessoas. Essa fonte compõe um elemento rico em representações dos imaginários políticos, sobre as visões e concepções de futuro e das críticas e anseios que seus grupos elaboradores desejavam divulgar para um grande público. As fontes visuais possibilitam um sem número de inferências, mobilizam elementos simbólicos, culturais, políticos, históricos, nacionais e universais, sempre partilhando com seu observador as referências representacionais para, enfim, cumprir seu papel de comunicar uma mensagem idealizada por seus realizadores. Nesta pesquisa, a análise dos cartazes procura revisitar um período conturbado da história argentina e, por meios destes, reconstruir parte do imaginário político do período. / This research aims to analyze the representations of imaginary Argentine politicians during the years 1973 and 1984, by means of propaganda posters produced in the period. These years select a turbulent period in Argentine history, the Peronist government (1973) and the military government of the National Reorganization Process (1976-1983), in which the political positions is stoked on behalf of projects for the nation and, after violent and systematic repression of the dictatorship generated sensible changes in the form of political action. The choice of the poster as a source for analysis of historical research gives for this is set up as a vehicle for the dissemination and circulation of messages ephemeral, but which has the potential to reach large numbers of people. This source comprises an element rich representations of the political imaginary, the visions and conceptions of the future and criticisms and concerns that their groups drafters wished to disseminate to a wide audience. Visual sources allow any number of inferences, mobilize symbolic elements, cultural, political, historical, national and universal, always sharing with its observer representational references to finally fulfill its role of communicating a message designed by their makers. In this research, the analysis of the posters attempts to revisit a period of Argentine history and troubled by these means, to rebuild part of the political imaginary of the period.

Orientador: Jose Alves de Freitas Neto / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T10:48:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_PauloRenatoda_D.pdf: 1509669 bytes, checksum: d6e3685b78be0c1c1400273214f6db23 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa levantou a produção cultural argentina durante o governo de Juan Domingo Perón (1946-1955). O estudo indicou a existência de uma expressiva produção cultural alinhada com o peronismo, resultado de uma política cultural do governo. Entretanto, essa política cultural não prevaleceu na produção cultural do período. ascensão de Perón não impediu o reconhecimento de escritores antiperonistas como Borges, Bioy Casares, Victoria Ocampo e Julio Cortázar, dentre outros, ligados à tradição liberal argentina. Além disso, entre os próprios peronistas, as propostas culturais do governo provocaram divergências quanto à centralidade do nacionalismo, à formação que deveria ser dada aos setores populares e ao legado da tradição liberal. / Abstract: This research investigated Argentina's cultural output during the government of Juan Domingo Perón (1946-1955). The study identified the existence of substantial cultural output aligned with Peronism as a result of the government's cultural policies. However, these policies did not completely direct the country's cultural production during this period. For instance, Perón's rise to power did not prevent recognition of antiperonist writers such as Borges, Bioy Casares, Victoria Ocampo, and Julio Cortázar, among others, who represented Argentina's liberal tradition. In addition, the government's cultural proposals led to meaningful disagreements among the Peronists themselves over the centrality of nationalism, the training proffered to the population at large, and the legacy of the liberal tradition. / Doutorado / Historia Cultural / Doutor em História

Peronism has been one of the most widely used terms in the context of Argentinean politics, history and culture over the last 60 years. In spite of the fact that there is no official definition of the term, many different political strategies in Argentina are referred to as Peronist. Why is it so complicated to define the concept of Peronism? What does it really mean when Argentinean presidents claim to be Peronists? This thesis is based on the hypothesis that Peronism is primarily brand of political populist projects. The first chapter classifies the concept of populism, the second chapter deals with the particular populism in Latin America and the third chapter analyzes the individual mandates of Peronist presidents. The analysis strongly supports the working hypothesis.