The theoretical part of the diploma thesis deals with specific nutritional needs and the concept of healthy nutrition during period of adolescence. Knowledge and attitudes are constantly evolving in period of adolescence and can also be negatively affected in many ways (most often through media), so emphasis is placed on the risks of excessive or inadequate intake of energy and nutrients. A special chapter deals with eating disorders. The paper analyses individual categories of the food pyramid in detail, focusing on needs and pitfalls related to adolescents. The practical part of the diploma thesis focuses on mapping of the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents towards healthy nutrition. Main aims of this work were to compare the knowledge of adolescents about healthy nutrition, depending on the currently studied school and age (in this work was compared the younger group aged 13−15 with the older group aged 17− 19). Another aim of the work was to investigate the relationship between the attitude towards healthy nutrition and the sex and also the difference in attitudes between the two adolescent age categories. The used methodology was a questionnaire survey. From mid-February to the end of March 2017, data was collected at schools in the Central Bohemia Region, specifically in the town of...

The aim of the study was to investigate educators’ knowledge and attitudes towards children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In particular the study sought: 1. To determine the level of educators knowledge and attitudes about ADHD 2. To ascertain whether or not is a significant difference in attitude between educators in the mainstream school and those in the resource centre (remedial school);and 3. To determine the relationship, if any, between educators’ perceptions of ADHD children and certain educators’ characteristics discussed further in the study. In this study, the focus was on primary school learners. Primary school learners are learners who are between grades one and seven. The target population was primary school educators in a mainstream school and in a resource centre. Sixty nine educators were divided into two groups:48 educators taught at a mainstream school (Group 1) and 21 educators teach at a resource center (remedial school) and deal with ADHD cases regularly (Group 2).A questionnaire was given to each responded as a method of data collection instrument. xiv The study concludes that mainstream education for ADHD children (with individualized education if necessary) causes considerable difficulty for all concerned. The educators’ attitudes towards ADHD children were far from ideal, and their knowledge is insufficient. One interesting finding from this study was that knowledge of Special Education seems to have a positive influence on the educators’ attitude towards learners with ADHD.

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This study translated, cross-culturally adapted and validated an instrument's scores for use in public high schools in San Salvador, El Salvador. The original instrument consisted of items developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to assess HIV/AIDS knowledge and five dimensions of attitudes (Abstinence, Peer-pressure, Condom use, Drug use, and Threat of HIV) in grades 7 to 12 in the United States. Items were translated into Spanish using the back-translation method. The instrument was cross-culturally adapted using guidelines proposed by Guillemin, Bombardier, and Beaton (1993). A cross-culturally equivalent version of the original instrument was obtained using three different Salvadorian review panels and two pretests with Salvadorian high school students. An expert panel of HIV Salvadorian professionals validated the content and established its cultural acceptability for public school use. A total of 483 students from 30 randomly selected public high schools in El Salvador participated in a series of validation studies. Confirmatory factor analysis of the translated instrument was used to evaluate the factorial validity of the five-factor attitudinal model. As part of the validation process, the translated Abstinence and Condom use subscales from the CDC were correlated with similar translated subscales from Basen-Engquist et al.'s (1999) published study as a measure of concurrent validity. Finally, internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha) was determined with 483 students and test-retest reliability was obtained with a subsample of 39 students. Six major conclusions were: (1) The methodology used was successful in cross-culturally adapting the instrument. (2) HIV/AIDS content was rated as culturally acceptable and valid for use in public high schools of El Salvador. (3) The reliability of the scores from the knowledge section was moderate (test-retest reliability coefficient = .49 and coefficient alpha = .57). (4) Reliability (coefficient alpha) of the five attitudinal subscales was inconsistent: .55 (Peer-pressure), .58 (Abstinence), 0 (Condom use), .24 (Drugs), and .30 (Threat of HIV). (5) Confirmatory factor analysis provided support for a 4-factor attitudinal model (Peer-pressure, Abstinence, Drug use, and Threat of HIV). (6) Concurrent validity of the translated CDC Abstinence subscale was strong. The results provided support for the methodology to cross-culturally adapt an instrument. The psychometric properties from the knowledge section and the attitudinal component related to abstinence were acceptable but additional research is needed before the Spanish instrument can be used with confidence in El Salvador.

Globalization is in highly competitive era, talents are company's most important assets, the especially fine one hits the managerial cadre of the steps and is managed with one of the key factors of growing up continuously continuously forever by the company even more, this research object restricts the trade (industry ) , restricts the department , the steps executive is research objects that direct against Chinese enterprise of areas of both sides of the Straits (Jiangsu and Taiwan ), collect and research and analyse samples. With the research of the management function, hope to find out the management function which the steps executive should possess in the company objectively, offer enterprises to recruit and select the just , reference foundation of fostering and forming talents, it set up select Human Resource Department , not educating, with, leave managerial talent the systems at, probe into the result tentatively , expect that can propose a nucleus administrator's function way for enterprise's firm name in most key key management functions needed. So study the steps executive's management function in enterprises , operate for improving enterprises with the theoretical foundation of having the essence of national competitiveness and discussion value. This research questionnaire investigation analysis result is found, in Taiwan in the steps administrator studies in the management function index , and ' mood control ability ' superior to continent managerial cadre of the steps among the district in innovate with learning ability , surmount ability oneself.

Bakgrund: Trycksår har varit känt sedan ca 2000 f.Kr. ändå kvarstår problemet. Det är idag ett utbrett problemområde inom vården då patienter ständigt drabbas av nya trycksår trots att välbeskrivna preventionsåtgärder och riktlinjer finns att tillgå. Främst drabbade är äldre, personer som har någon form av rörelsehinder, är sängliggande eller stillasittande stora delar av dygnet. Trycksår innebär ett stort lidande för den drabbade patienten, främst i form av konstant smärta. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors kunskap om och deras attityd till trycksårsprevention. Metod: Detta är en allmän litteraturöversikt med sju artiklar av kvantitativt material, tre artiklar av kvalitativt material och en artikel av både kvantitativ och kvalitativt material. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras i fyra grupper/områden: Kunskap och utbildning, Erfarenhet, Attityder och Resurser. Sjuksköterskans trycksårspreventiva arbete kan hindras av bristande kunskap, otillräckliga resurser och attityd. För att kunskapen ska öka och kanske därutav attityden förändras, behövs mer utbildning inom området. Det krävs praktisk erfarenhet för att förstå innebörden av trycksårsprevention och för att kunna implementera sin kunskap i omvårdnaden. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskans kunskap och attityd har betydelse för den omvårdnad som ges vid trycksårsprevention. Som sjuksköterska är det viktigt att ständigt söka ny kunskap och hålla sig uppdaterad med ny forskning. Det är även betydelsefullt att utveckla ett gott samarbete med övrig vårdpersonal och effektivt utnyttja tillgängliga resurser så att arbetet med trycksårsprevention förbättras och patienternas lidande vid trycksår förhoppningsvis minskar. Klinisk betydelse: Studiens resultat visar på att sjuksköterskans kunskap och attityd kan ha betydelse för den omvårdnad som ges vid trycksårsprevention. Då studien riktar sig till verksamma sjuksköterskor och sjuksköterskestudenter kan den väcka tankar och funderingar hos läsaren. Detta kan få denne att reflektera över sin egen attityd gentemot trycksårsprevention. / Background: Pressure ulcers have been known since around 2000 BC but still the problem remains. There is today a broad area of concern within the health care system where patients are constantly affected by new pressure ulcers even though the well described prevention measures and guidelines are available. Mainly affected are elderly, people who have some form of physical disability, are bedridden or sedentary much of the day. With pressure ulcer comes a great suffering for the affected patient especially in form of constant pain. Purpose: To describe nurses' knowledge and their attitudes towards pressure ulcer prevention. Method: This is a literature review with seven articles with quantitative material, three articles with qualitative material and one article with both quantitative and qualitative material. Results: The results are presented under the headings: Knowledge and Education, Experience, Attitudes and Resources. Nurses' work with pressure ulcer prevention can be hindered by the lack of knowledge, insufficient resources and attitudes. For the nurses' knowledge to be increased and maybe thereby also a change of the attitudes, more education in the area is needed. It requires practical experience to understand the meaning of pressure ulcer prevention and to be able to implement the knowledge into the practice. Conclusion: Nurses' knowledge and attitudes are relevant to the care they gave to the patients regarding pressure ulcer prevention. As a nurse it is important to constantly seek new knowledge and keep current with the latest research. It is also important to develop a good working relationship with other health professionals and effectively use the available resources so that the work with pressure ulcer prevention can improve and that the suffering of patients with pressure ulcer hopefully will decrease. Clinical significance: Our results demonstrate that the nurse's knowledge and attitudes may be relevant when it comes to pressure ulcer prevention. This study is aimed to working nurses and nursing students and can give ideas and thoughts to the reader. And this can get them to reflect on their own attitudes towards pressure ulcer prevention.

Context: Although over half of married South African women of reproductive age (15-49 years) use a method of fertility control, 15 percent of them have an unmet need for family planning. Women’s unmet need for family planning is often attributed to traditional norms ascribing decision-making power to men. However, rural-urban migration, exposure to western style education; constitutional guarantee of gender equity and exposure to outside influences via the internet and mass media make such an assumption untenable in contemporary society. Method: Using logistic regression, eight models are separately fitted for the independent variables related to the background and socio-economic characteristics of the woman; the characteristics of the husband; their comparative characteristics; sexual and reproductive factors; sources of information and communication; reproductive as well as HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes. The final model, using backward stepwise analysis, estimates the effects of the factors associated with a joint or a male vs. a female pattern of dominance in decision-making about using fertility control. Results: The final model shows that joint decision-making is positively correlated with fifth or higher birth order, being raised in a town, living in a household in the middle wealth quintile, having between four and five children; using fertility control to limit births getting a lot of information about HIV/AIDS from the husband, spousal discussions about family planning and not knowing whether good nutrition stops HIV transmission. Male dominance is positively associated with having only one union, having the same amount of education as the husband or not knowing how much education he has, spousal communication about family planning, first marriage occurring 5-19 years ago, not knowing if the condom was used at last intercourse, knowing that condoms are used for family planning only, not getting information about family planning from posters and irregular exposure to the radio. Conclusions: In the era of the HIV/AIDS pandemic and emphasis on the reproductive health approach in family planning, there is a need for studies, at the local level, that include both individuals in the relationship. Qualitative studies focusing on the nature, context and content of couple communication about sexuality and reproduction can provide important information about gender relationships in the South African context. There is also a need to understand the effect of gender and community norms on sexual and reproductive decision-making. Studies on HIV discordant couples can provide important information on the impact of the epidemic on sexual and reproductive decisionmaking. Studies focusing on family formation can provide information on the impact of social change on intergenerational and gender relationships as well as trends in reproductive attitudes and behaviours in transitional South African society

Στη διατριβή αυτή παρουσιάζονται τα αποτελέσματα έρευνας σε δείγμα 1019 μαθητών και μαθητριών της Γ΄ τάξης (1,48 % του μαθητικού πληθυσμού) Γενικού Λυκείου, του σχολικού έτους 2007 – 08. Ο στόχος της έρευνας τριπλός: πρώτον η διερεύνηση των γνώσεων των μαθητών σε βασικές έννοιες και μηχανισμούς της μοριακής γενετικής καθώς και διαδικασιών της γενετικής μηχανικής. Δεύτερον, η αποτύπωση των στάσεων έναντι σύγχρονων εφαρμογών της βιοτεχνολογίας καθώς και των κριτηρίων που χρησιμοποιούν οι μαθητές για να αιτιολογήσουν την στάση τους και τρίτον, η συσχέτιση μεταξύ των γνώσεων και των στάσεων. Σύμφωνα με τα αποτελέσματά μας, οι μαθητές αντιμετωπίζουν σοβαρά προβλήματα γνώσεων στους προαναφερθέντες τομείς. Οι κύριες δυσκολίες τους εντοπίζονται στην κατανόηση της λειτουργίας του γονιδίου και της σύνδεσής του με άλλες δομές (πρωτεΐνες και χρωμοσώματα), στη γνώση της ύπαρξης του ίδιου γενετικού υλικού σε όλα τα κύτταρα ενός οργανισμού καθώς και στην άγνοια για την διαφορική έκφραση των γονιδίων στα διάφορα είδη κυττάρων και τέλος στη γνώση της καθολικότητας του γενετικού κώδικα. Επίσης, οι μαθητές δεν γνωρίζουν την έννοια του όρου «Βιοτεχνολογία» και τις σύγχρονες εφαρμογές της και συγχέουν τη Βιοτεχνολογία με τη Βιολογία, χωρίς να εστιάζουν στον όρο «τεχνολογία» που η πρώτη εμπεριέχει, όπως επίσης και τη γενετική μηχανική με τη μοριακή βιολογία. Όσον αφορά τη στάση έναντι εφαρμογών της σύγχρονης βιοτεχνολογίας, οι μαθητές εμφανίζονται θετικοί στη χρήση της γενετικής ανάλυσης, στη θεραπευτική κλωνοποίηση και στη γονιδιακή θεραπεία, ενώ εμφανίζονται αρνητικοί έναντι των ΓΤΟ, καθώς και έναντι της αναπαραγωγικής κλωνοποίησης και της επιλογής γενετικών χαρακτηριστικών. Τέλος, όσον αφορά τη σχέση μεταξύ γνώσεων και στάσεων φαίνεται ότι η καλύτερη γνώση επηρεάζει τη στάση, όχι όμως με ενιαίο τρόπο: σε άλλες εφαρμογές της βιοτεχνολογίας η στάση είναι θετική και σε άλλες αρνητική. Έτσι, αυτοί που έχουν περισσότερες γνώσεις γενετικής και βιοτεχνολογίας, είναι πιο θετικοί κυρίως έναντι της γονιδιακής θεραπείας και δευτερευόντως έναντι των ΓΤΟ, ενώ είναι πιο αρνητικοί στην αναπαραγωγική κλωνοποίηση και την επιλογή χαρακτηριστικών των απογόνων. Επίσης, δεν εμφανίζεται διαφοροποίηση (στατιστικά σημαντική) σε σχέση με τα διάφορα γενετικά τεστ για λόγους δικαιοσύνης και υγείας, ούτε επίσης και για τη θεραπευτική κλωνοποίηση. Με βάση τα αποτελέσματά μας αναφορικά με τα κριτήρια υιοθέτησης στάσεων των μαθητών έναντι εφαρμογών της βιοτεχνολογίας, φαίνεται ότι αυτά ήταν κυρίως η επίκληση κινδύνων, η επίκληση χρησιμότητας και τέλος η επίκληση ηθικής. Η επίκληση γνώσης δεν ήταν ιδιαίτερα συχνή. / This thesis presents the results of a research conducted on a sample of 1019 students attending high school on the 12th grade (1,48% of total student population) in schools which lead to general diplomas, of the school year 2007 – 2008. The objective of the research had three tiers: firstly to investigate the knowledge of students in basic concepts and fundamental knowledge of molecular genetics and genetic engineering procedures. Secondly, to record student attitudes towards modern biotechnology applications and the criteria they use to justify them and thirdly, to find the relationship between knowledge and the according attitudes. According to our results, students are facing serious problems of scientific knowledge in the above mentioned areas. Their main difficulties are found to be in the areas of understanding the way genes function and their association with other structures (proteins and chromosomes), the knowledge of the existence of the same genetic material in all cells of an organism, the ignorance of the differential expression of genes in different cell types, and finally the knowledge of the universality of the genetic code. Also, students do not know the meaning of the term Biotechnology and its modern applications and confuse Biotechnology with the science of Biology and do not focus on the word "technology" that the first one includes, and they also confuse genetic engineering with molecular biology. Regarding the attitude on modern biotechnology applications, students are positive to the use of genetic analysis for therapeutic cloning and gene therapy, and appear negative towards GMOs and against reproductive cloning and selection of genetic features. Finally, the relationship between knowledge and attitude tend to show that better knowledge affects attitude, but not in a unified manner: in some applications of biotechnology attitude is positive and in some others negative. Thus, those who have better knowledge of genetics and biotechnology are mainly more positive towards gene therapy and in a second level towards GMOs, while they are more negative against reproductive cloning and selection of offspring genetic features. There seems to be no (statistically significant) differentiation according to the various genetic tests for reasons of justice, for reasons of health and for therapeutic cloning. Based on our results as of the criteria through which students adopt attitudes towards biotechnology applications, it appears that these were mainly relied to risks and usefulness for mankind, and also morality. The invocation of knowledge was not very frequent.

Title: Using online tools to assigns and assess the work of secondary school pupils in mathematics Author: Jiří Vančura Department: Department of Mathematics Education Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Jarmila Robová, CSc., Department of Mathematics Education Abstract: Despite the long-term trend of technology implementation in mathematics education, there is not much research that would empirically and long-term monitor the impact of technology on pupils' knowledge. The presented three studies examine the potential benefits of using Khan Academy as a tool for assigning and assessing homework in mathematics at upper secondary schools. The studies deal with three groups of research questions. What is the attitude of pupils towards the Khan Academy implementation, and what benefit do they see in the online practice? Can pupils transfer acquired knowledge from Khan Academy to the school context? In addition to procedural knowledge, does Khan Academy develop a deeper understanding of the underlying concepts? At the time of the research, the author was the mathematics teacher of some of the participating pupils. Based on the results of these studies, the consequences and recommendations for teaching mathematics at upper secondary schools using online platforms are discussed at the end of the thesis. Keywords: Khan Academy,...

Thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Science in property development and Management to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, School of Construction Economics and Management at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2017 / Purpose- The main objective of this study was to determine a particular knowledge and skill of the senior management of the South African entertainment and media industry towards corporate real estate management. [Abbreviated Abstract. Open document to view full version] / MT 2018