The subject of this diploma project was to design an architectural proposal of The New Synagogue and Jewish Community Centre in Teplice, Czech Republic. The main goal was to design a complex of buildings which would be used not only for the worships but also for cultural and educational purposes. The proposal consists of the design of 3 buildings connected to each other by a cen-tral courtyard. The form is based on the traditional values set into contemporary de-sign shaped by demands of current generations. One of the main design elements - the beam structure above the courtyard implies a symbol of The Star of David as the symbol of Judaism as we know today. The building of New Synagogue represents the first, three storey building on the north part of plot. The second, east part, is building consisting of cultural centre, info centre, museum, gallery and spaces for workshops with it's technical and sanitary facilities. A Kosher Restaurant will be located into the third and last two-storey building. An undeground parking will be used by the staff and visitors of the whole complex.

Diploma thesis theme is design of a new synagogue in the city of Trutnov on a memorial site of the original unpreserved synagogue. Part of the construction program is the creation of a complex used by the Jewish religious community and its members, containing a building for the Jewish community (administrative and educational use), kosher restaurants with use for the general public, and the Museum of Jewish Culture. The aim of the design is to create a set of buildings functioning as a whole respecting the natural landmark of the surroundings and the historical significance referring to the past. The new synagogue is designed as the dominant feature of the whole complex in the place of the original Jewish prayer house and emphasizes the monumentality of the place connected with nature. Other facilities are located in front of the synagogue and create a new public space for locals but also visitors to the city from a wide area not only for spiritual use but also for cultural, social, and recreational.

The thesis deals with a hypothetical project of a new building complex of a synagogue, a kosher restaurant and a community centre at the location of the former synagogue in Frýdek. The proposal includes a memorial of the destroyed synagogue and Jewish community, as well as the incorporation of the complex into the urban structure of the city. The project proposes a building distributed into three volumes. The restaurant and community centre are connected by an underground garage within a U-shaped floor plan. The buildings are axially symmetrical, white, with expressive rhythmical perforations of the facade. They surround the building of the synagogue in the shape of a seven-sided pyramid, which is clad with blue tempered steel and creates a strong contrast with the associated buildings. The whole complex is oriented towards the park and the chateau in Frýdek, from which it is clearly visible and thanks to its distinct volumetric and material expression and axially symmetrical composition creates a new landmark for the city.

The assignment of the diploma thesis was the elaboration of an architectural study of a new synagogue in the Frýdek-Místek. The solved area includes the original lands of the Jewish community, on which stood a synagogue, a Jewish school and a rabbinate. The synagogue was burned down in 1939 and currently only the rebuilt Jewish school building is located in the area. The main idea of the design is to build a memorial on the site of the original synagogue and a new synagogue with an adjoining community centre. The main goal is to support the development of the Jewish community in the city and to remind citizens and visitors of the history, because of which the Jewish community in Frýdek-Místek disappeared. In contrast to the monument, the entire building is set in the terrain so that the terrain passes freely in a public space with the main entrance to the community centre and a kosher restaurant. The building opens up to the south side of the slope and offers a view of the historic city centre of Frýdek. The area is connected by a footbridge to the park under the castle. Part of the community centre is a space for a ritual bath - Mikveh, the administration of the Jewish community and a multifunctional hall, which can be opened to the area in front of the residential staircase. The area is separated from Revoluční Street by a retaining wall and thus form an attractive place to spend time near the historic centre.

La libertad de creencias es un derecho inherente a la naturaleza humana, reflejo de la dignidad de la persona. Los términos “religión” y “creencias” deben entenderse en sentido amplio, como indica la Observación nº 22 del Comité de Derechos Humanos que interpreta el art. 18 PIDCP, es decir, incluyen creencias teístas, no teístas y ateas. Este derecho implica el derecho a elegir y mantener unas creencias así como a manifestarlas externamente. Las manifestaciones externas, entre las que se encuentra la dieta, sólo pueden venir limitadas por medidas legalmente previstas, que sean proporcionadas y estén destinadas a salvaguardar el orden público. En las sociedades espiritualmente plurales, como las de España y los países de nuestro entorno, las reivindicaciones dietéticas religiosas minoritarias, en particular las musulmanas y judías, han alcanzado gran relevancia generando una demanda social de respeto y un mercado en auge, conllevando implicaciones jurídicas en los ordenamientos civiles en tanto que éstos protegen la libertad de creencias. Ejemplo de ello es la regulación del sacrificio ritual, así como el eventual etiquetaje o registro de marca para productos que respetan las prescripciones dietéticas religiosas. Ahora bien, la satisfacción de las necesidades dietéticas derivadas de las creencias alcanza especial relevancia cuando el individuo se encuentra en situaciones de especial sujeción (centros penitenciarios, hospitalarios, escolares o dependencias militares), puesto que en las mismas no puede satisfacerlas autónomamente.

This thesis aims to answer, if and what, limitations Jews experience in a secular state such as Sweden. To answer this question this paper was made through a qualitative method and through the theory about “the other” by Kevin Kumashiro. By applying article eighteen from the universal declaration on Human Rights and the theory of “the other” on actual experiences and limitations this thesis will critically unfold any discriminations and inequality. Main material has been the eight different interviews conducted in autumn of 2022. The following study therefore aim to contribute to increased research on Sweden's commitments and compliance with international conventions and agreements, knowledge, and tools for further work against hate crimes, increased discrimination and xenophobia in Sweden. The study highlights that the basic security affects the propensity for how free one feels to be open about one's identity which results in direct and indirect limitations upon Jewish identity and Jewish life in Sweden. / Denna studie syftar till att besvara, om och vilka, begränsningar judar upplever i en sekulär stat som Sverige. För att svara på denna fråga gjordes denna studie genom en kvalitativ metod och genom teorin om "den andre" av Kevin Kumashiro. Genom att tillämpa artikel arton från den allmänna förklaringen om de mänskliga rättigheterna och teorin om "den andra" på faktiska erfarenheter och begränsningar kommer denna studie att kritiskt synliggöra för diskriminering och ojämlikhet. Huvudmaterialet har varit de åtta intervjuer som genomfördes under hösten 2022. Följande studie syftar därför till att bidra till ökad forskning om Sveriges åtaganden och efterlevnad av internationella konventioner och överenskommelser, kunskap och verktyg för det fortsatta arbetet mot hatbrott, ökad diskriminering och främlingsfientlighet i Sverige. Studien belyser att grundtryggheten påverkar benägenheten för hur fri en känner sig att vara öppen med sin identitet vilket resulterar i direkta och indirekta begränsningar av judisk identitet och judiskt liv i Sverige.

La produzione di carne è disciplinata dai diritti ebraico ed islamico attraverso normative che, a prescindere dalle loro rispettive specificità, sono accomunate dallo scopo fondamentale di rammentare ai fedeli la gravità dell’atto di privare un animale della vita. La produzione di carni kashèr (idonee ad essere consumate, in base al diritto ebraico) e halal (lecite, ai sensi di quello islamico) trova generalmente spazio nelle democrazie pluraliste in virtù del diritto alla libertà religiosa. Questo, ad ogni modo, non esime lo Stato dalla responsabilità di disciplinare la macellazione e l’uso commerciale delle indicazioni di qualità kashèr e halal, in ragione ed entro i limiti dei propri compiti di tutela della salute umana ed animale, della concorrenza e dei consumatori. Assolvere questa responsabilità nel rispetto della reciproca autonomia tra Stato e confessioni religiose implica la ricerca di un equilibrio complesso, soprattutto quando si tratta di individuare e delimitare le competenze dei poteri pubblici, degli enti confessionali e del settore privato in materia di macellazione rituale e di certificazione religiosa delle carni. La tesi analizza e mette a confronto le soluzioni normative adottate in due ordinamenti (quello francese e quello statunitense) ispirati al principio di separazione dello Stato dalle religioni, seppur con declinazioni molto differenti. / Meat production is regulated by both Jewish and Islamic Laws through sets of rules that, aside from their respective specificities, share the aim of teaching reverence for life to the believers. Generally speaking, in pluralist democracies the production of kosher (“fit/proper”, according to Jewish Law) and halal (“permissible”, under Islamic Law) meat is protected under the right to freedom of religion. However, the State retains the authority to regulate the use of religious slaughter and that of kosher and halal claims in the meat market, on the basis and within the limits of its mandate to protect and promote public health, humane treatment of animals, fair market competition and consumer rights. Fulfilling such responsibility without overstepping the bounds of State-religion mutual autonomy is a complex task, especially when it comes to determining the roles of public authorities, religious bodies and the private sector in the fields of ritual slaughter and religious certification; it requires, indeed, to strike a fair balance between several - sometimes competing - rights and interests. The dissertation analyses and compares the legal approaches through which these matters are addressed in France and in the US, where the general principle of separation between Church and State is construed and implemented in profoundly different ways.

The diploma thesis "New Synagogue in Brno" is processed in the form of architectural studies and containing all requirements in accordance with applicable regulations. The proposed building´s are located between the streets Dornych, Spálená, Přízová and Mlýnská. Object’s are closing city block and completing the look of the street Dornych. The synagogoue was rotated to the west compare to the street line about 17°. Synagogue is a two-storey building without a basement and it´s used only for worships. Jewish Community building is a three story building with three underground floors. The building contains a museum of Jewish culture, kosher restaurants, mikveh ritual bath, library and administration. In the basement is a parking stackers and technical equipment of buildings. Supporting structure is concrete frame construction. Facades are designed like structural glazing system. Part of the processing work was the development of facade section, section thru the diffusing glass and architectural detail.