Gustave Flaubert est un écrivain à la fois romantique et antiromantique. De son adolescence aux dernières années de sa vie, il ne cesse d’affirmer son attachement au romantisme, mais en même temps, il porte un regard critique sur certaines tendances des écrivains romantiques. La relation que Flaubert entretient avec le romantisme peut se définir ainsi comme un mélange complexe d’attachement et de critique. Pour éclairer ce rapport complexe de Flaubert au romantisme, notre étude se propose de relire L’Éducation sentimentale. Pourquoi ce roman plutôt qu’un autre ? C’est parce que L’Éducation sentimentale est une œuvre doublement liée au romantisme. D’une part, L’Éducation sentimentale s’inscrit profondément dans la tradition du romantisme, d’abord parce qu’il s’agit d’un roman d’apprentissage, mais aussi parce que ce roman raconte l’histoire d’une génération. D’autre part, Flaubert dresse le bilan du romantisme dans L’Éducation sentimentale. Dans ce roman, il représente en effet à la fois la fin du romantisme passionnel et celle du romantisme social. Ainsi, cette étude tente de relire L’Éducation sentimentale à la lumière de la littérature romantique. Plus précisément, il s’agit, d’une part, de montrer que Flaubert écrit L’Éducation sentimentale avec et contre la littérature romantique et, d’autre part, d’étudier la manière dont Flaubert représente, dans ce roman, l’échec et la déception d’une génération formée par le romantisme. Cette double démarche nous permet de mettre en évidence, sous différents angles, l’ambivalence de Flaubert à l’égard du romantisme. / Gustave Flaubert was a writer at once Romantic and anti-Romantic. From his adolescence to his last years, he continued to affirm his attachment to Romanticism, but at the same time, he took a critical look at some of the patterns of Romantic writers. The relationship that Flaubert formed with Romanticism can be defined as a complex mixture of attachment and criticism. To clarify Flaubert’s complex relationship with Romanticism, our study intends to reread Sentimental Education. Why this novel rather than another? Sentimental Education is a work doubly related to Romanticism. On one hand, Sentimental Education is deeply rooted in the tradition of Romanticism. This is not only because it is a Bildungsroman, but also because it tells the story of a generation. On the other hand, Sentimental Education represents an assessment of Romanticism. Indeed, this novel describes at once the end of passionate Romanticism and the end of social Romanticism. Thus, this study attempts to reread Sentimental Education in the light of Romantic Literature. Firstly, we try to show that Flaubert wrote Sentimental Education with and against Romantic Literature. Secondly, we study the way Flaubert represents, in this novel, the failure and disappointment of the generation formed by Romanticism. This dual approach allows us to highlight, from different angles, Flaubert’s ambivalence toward Romanticism.

Permeia a arte do século XIX uma reflexão sobre a perspectiva, o ponto de vista como olhar do sujeito. As construções discursivas de Flaubert subvertem procedimentos convencionais de representação da fala e do pensamento, sua escritura produz ambiguidade e desestabiliza a voz narrativa. Em relatos de viagem, ele desloca a descrição do que contempla (elementos da paisagem urbana ou da natureza, objetos e pessoas) para a descrição do que imagina. Fazendo uso de procedimento semelhante em LÉducation sentimentale, ele constrói cenas a partir do que Frédéric, protagonista do romance, observa ou projeta no espaço. Ele mistura percepções, desejos, lembranças, delírio e imaginação do personagem. Ao expressar a subjetividade de Frédéric, Flaubert cria um efeito de sobreposição de espaços. Esta pesquisa abrange aspectos de gênese textual, o estudo de como imagens e descrições integram a criação literária. Planos e roteiros manuscritos mostram que muitas das ideias de Flaubert começam com uma imagem. / Nineteenth century art is permeated by a reflection on perspective, the subjective viewpoint. Flauberts discursive constructions revolutionize conventional procedures that represent speech and thought. His writing produces ambiguity and throws the narrative voice off balance. In travel journals, he shifts descriptions of what he contemplates (urban landscapes or nature, objects and people) to paint in words what he imagines. Using a similar procedure in LÉducation sentimentale, his scenes are built on what the novels protagonist, Frédéric, observes or projects in space. Flaubert mingles perceptions, desires, memories, delerium and imagination. Through Frédérics subjective eye, Flaubert creates an effect of overlapping spaces. This research encompasses textual aspects; it is a study on how images and descriptions actively participate in literary creation. Manuscripts plans and scenarios show that many of Flauberts ideas begin with images.

Permeia a arte do século XIX uma reflexão sobre a perspectiva, o ponto de vista como olhar do sujeito. As construções discursivas de Flaubert subvertem procedimentos convencionais de representação da fala e do pensamento, sua escritura produz ambiguidade e desestabiliza a voz narrativa. Em relatos de viagem, ele desloca a descrição do que contempla (elementos da paisagem urbana ou da natureza, objetos e pessoas) para a descrição do que imagina. Fazendo uso de procedimento semelhante em LÉducation sentimentale, ele constrói cenas a partir do que Frédéric, protagonista do romance, observa ou projeta no espaço. Ele mistura percepções, desejos, lembranças, delírio e imaginação do personagem. Ao expressar a subjetividade de Frédéric, Flaubert cria um efeito de sobreposição de espaços. Esta pesquisa abrange aspectos de gênese textual, o estudo de como imagens e descrições integram a criação literária. Planos e roteiros manuscritos mostram que muitas das ideias de Flaubert começam com uma imagem. / Nineteenth century art is permeated by a reflection on perspective, the subjective viewpoint. Flauberts discursive constructions revolutionize conventional procedures that represent speech and thought. His writing produces ambiguity and throws the narrative voice off balance. In travel journals, he shifts descriptions of what he contemplates (urban landscapes or nature, objects and people) to paint in words what he imagines. Using a similar procedure in LÉducation sentimentale, his scenes are built on what the novels protagonist, Frédéric, observes or projects in space. Flaubert mingles perceptions, desires, memories, delerium and imagination. Through Frédérics subjective eye, Flaubert creates an effect of overlapping spaces. This research encompasses textual aspects; it is a study on how images and descriptions actively participate in literary creation. Manuscripts plans and scenarios show that many of Flauberts ideas begin with images.