The thesis is focused on a problem of a high unemployment that is connected with unefficient and uneffective employment policy. The aim of this thesis is to review the possibility of the usage of several types of reforms with highly activating elements on the employment policy in a strong social focused state. First, reforms focused on high quality job programmes made by the employment office; second, programmes dealing with motivation of unemployed persons and, finally, reforms on creating of new working possitions by bussinessmen. An example of such reforms has been presented by the german labour market, which dealt with the problem of high unemployment by a number of radical reforms called Hartz I-IV. The reviews on the recent state of the german employment market made by other authors are very critical to the outcome of these reforms. Ambitions of this thesis are to review the reality of the german labour market in the last decade using the methods of statistically-analytic tools applied on the labour market indicators and to look back to the results of the german labour market during the economic crisis focusing on its stability and flexibility.

The diploma thesis deals with the status of women and opportunities for women in the labour market. The thesis focuses on harmonization of work and family life for women in terms of promoting the use of two concepts in the European labour market: (1) the concept of flexicurity and (2) the concept of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility, also: CSR). The thesis aims to explore the possibility of harmonizing family and work life in the Czech Republic in terms of these two concepts and their degree of usage and their potential future use and enforcement. The situation of women in the labour market and the possibility of reconciling work and family life are a statistical examination of data on the Czech Republic and my own research, which are set in a European context.

This thesis deals with regression and graphical analysis of the labour market in the Czech Republic and Denmark. It makes comparison between the developments of major labour market indicators in both countries in relation to GDP growth in the years 2000 -- 2010. The paper describes the concept of a social model of flexicurity, which is used in Denmark. In both countries there is a difference in government policy toward the labour market. This is the main reason to make a comparison test of the labour market. Besides the overall comparison of unemployment rates are also analyzed specific vulnerable groups in terms of sensitivity reaction of selected indicators to economic development. The work is complemented by some of the specifics of the labour market, such as self-employment, part-time jobs, legislative protection employees and trade union power.

The subject of this thesis is assertion process of foreigners on the Czech labour market. Foreigners from the East are attracted to come to the Czech Republic because of its mature market and specially targeted labour programmes enabling easier entrance to the Czech labour market. The reason is a benefit in form of young, economically active people improving the demographic shape of the Czech society. The thesis is analysing specific factors and barriers that immigrants have to deal with on the labour market and the direct effects of immigration for the host country. The thesis firstly focuses on the analysis of legislative and institutional environment. Then it concentrates on factors determining the decision to migrate. Finally it analyses the impacts of labour migration on the economics and demographics situation in the country of destination. Furthermore there was made a characterization of all regional, professional, age and educational structure of the foreign labour to evaluate the influence of immigrants on the destination labour market. One of the main questions of the quantitative research is whether the foreign workers can have a positive influence on the structural unemployment in the Czech Republic.

This thesis deals with analysis of the differences between men and women in the labour market and their impact on personal income tax. Analysis of labour market is made from two perspectives. First is the comparsion of the situation of Czech Republic throughout the European Union. In the second part I also compare these conditions between years 2000 and 2008. Analysis of tax revenue is made from data available in the United Kingdom, its results is evaluation of the factors which have impact on the total tax revenue. In the end, all of the findings are applied to major shortcomings of the Czech Republic system. The proposed solutions are mainly in the part-time employment, affordable and quality childcare and dependents, and a system of providing parental leave and parental allowances.

After the fall of the Berlin Wall, the area of the former German Democratic Republic (GDR) experienced a short economic and politic transformation that resulted in reunification with the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG). The original optimistic expectations of a fast and significant catching-up effect, however, soon disappeared. Even if enormously supported by West Germany, twenty years after German reunification the region has not achieved much better economic advance than the economically most successful countries in the middle and eastern part of Europe. The paper analyses the real state of the eastern German economy and its development in the last 20 years using three basic problem areas: industrial base, migration streams from the eastern to the western part of Germany and the labour market. During the course of the last 20 years, these areas has belonged to the most visible economic problems of the eastern part of Germany.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Labour economists in South Africa have extensively researched on almost all aspects of the unemployment phenomenon, specifically, the levels and extent of unemployment as well as the causes of unemployment have received a lot of empirical attention. One category of the labour force, namely the underemployed, has mostly been ignored in empirical studies. An investigation into the prevalence and rate of underemployment is essential because unemployment alone underestimates the magnitude of a country’s available excess labour capacity. The study focuses on various conceptual and empirical issues, including the definition of underemployment, the extent of underemployment in South Africa, demographic characteristics of the underemployed, an empirical estimation of the total earnings effect of underemployment, the duration of underemployment, and the possible policy options to tackle underemployment. To achieve its research objectives, the study conducts various descriptive and econometric analyses, using the data from the 1995-2016 labour force surveys and the first four waves of NIDS conducted in 2008-2015.

More and more people are attempting to increase their human capital by increasing their qualifications. Post-graduate studies, according to many, is the way forward as it will enhance one‟s personal and professional prospects. This research project is intended to make a contribution to the field of education by looking at how a Masters degree affects the life values (the meaning and status attached to one‟s life) and prospects of individuals taking up post-graduate studies. It uses the tracer study methodology to create an impact in determining how the WITS Masters Programme has affected the post-graduate student in terms of life values. It specifically targets the Masters in Education degree at the University of the Witwatersrand (WITS) by tracing the lives of six graduates from the year 2002. The research is a qualitative tracer study that aims at establishing a relationship between what is studied and the effects this has on the lives of the graduates

This thesis describes the current situation on the Swedish labour market as many skilledmigrants have problems to find a relevant job. It explains the barriers for employment, aswell as the support mechanisms used to help the integration on the labour market. Particularfocus lies on the job search motivation, and how do the difficulties to find a job in arelevant professional field affect the job search motivation, and what are the reasons forthese effects. Thematic analysis is used to find recurring themes in the data collected from 5 semistructured interviews, 2 questionnaires and 1 additional interview from an employeeworking with the skilled migrants. Empirical findings show, that the respondents feel that local companies prefer localemployees, and that the migrants ascribe their difficulties to find a relevant job position todiscrimination, as it is common that they get rejected without being able to meet thecompany’s representatives in person. Countless rejected applications are causing feelings offrustration, hopelessness and the migrants’ doubt their ability to find a relevant job, whichleads to decreased job search motivation and underemployment. Furthermore, therespondents are rather motivated by extrinsic motivational factors than intrinsic motivators.However, the findings show that they believe that the job search becomes easier withaccumulated experience and that the difficulties with finding the right job makes therespondents more committed to the attained job. Finally, the authors formulate suggestionsfor further research. KEYWORDS: labour market integration, skilled migrants, job search motivation

Sedan 2015, då antalet asylsökande i Sverige nådde rekordhöjder, har frågan om hur flyktingar ska integrera sig i samhället tagits upp. Konsensus är att arbetsmarknadsetableringen är en viktig faktor och därmed har så kallade ”enkla jobb” föreslagits som en lösning på att öka sysselsättningen för flyktingar. Samtidigt kan det observeras ett nytt fenomen på arbetsmarknaden, gigekonomin. Kan gigekonomins enkla jobb vara lösningen?  Syftet med denna undersökning är att analysera gigekonomins påverkan på flyktingars arbetsmarknadsutfall i form av sysselsättning och inkomst. I studien används paneldataanalys för att isolera effekten av gigekonomiföretagens etablering på flyktingars sysselsättning och inkomster. Undersökningens huvudestimat visar att existensen av gigekonomi i en kommun ökar sysselsättningen för flyktingar med 5,2 procentenheter. Efter utförande av flera känslighetstest kan dock denna effekt inte betraktas som robust. Därmed kan inte undersökningen påvisa att det är just gigekonomin som har orsakat denna effekt. / Since 2015, when the number of asylum seekers in Sweden grew to record breaking heights, the question about how refugees will integrate into society has been raised. The consensus is that the integration into the labour market is an important factor and therefore entry level jobs have been suggested as a solution. Currently a new phenomenon can be observed on the labour market, the gig economy. The objective of this paper is to analyse the effect of the gig economy on refugees’ social outcome in terms of employment and income. The study uses panel data analysis to isolate the effect of the gig economy on refugees employment and income. The main estimate of the study shows that the impact of the existance of a gig economy in i municipality increases the employment for refugees by 5,2 percentage points. However, after the execution of multiple robustness tests the effect cannot be considered robust. Therefore, the study cannot prove that it is specifically the gig economy that is the cause to this effect.