Die Absolventenstudie 2006 des Instituts für Soziologie der Universität Leipzig gibt einen Überblick über die Qualifizierung der AbsolventInnen der Soziologie in Leipzig während des Studiums und zeigt Strategien für die Stellensuche auf. Sie beschreibt Einsatzmöglichkeiten von SoziologInnen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt und die damit verbundenen Erträge.

Generally, immigrants face different challenges adapting to their new environment while starting a new life in the new environment. One of these problems is related to employment as they find it difficult finding jobs in their host countries. A number of them are often jobless or having jobs that do not correspond with their educational qualification. This is one of the factors that influence the earnings of immigrants in the Swedish labour market. This study focused on the factors influencing the underutilization of immigrant’s foreign educational credentials in the Swedish labour market. The study is based on human capital theory, cultural shock theory and discrimination theory. Through qualitative research design, rich detailed data about the phenomenon was collected from participants that participated in the study. Findings of the study revealed that the two major factors that influence the underutilization of immigrant’s foreign educational credential in the Swedish labour market are structural factors and individual factors (lack of social network with Swedish natives, inability to fluently communicate in Swedish, and loss of professional knowledge due to lack of practice).

Syftet med det här arbetet har varit att studera, med hjälp av diskursanalys/sättet att tala om arbetslivets framtida förändringar, mer specifikt förutsägelser om arbetslivets automatisering. Metoden har varit kritisk diskursanalys och diskursanalytiska begrepp hämtade från Foucault. Fokus för vår analys har varit en etablerad rapport i vilken man beräknar att 53 procent av jobben på den svenska arbetsmarknaden kan komma att automatiseras inom 20 år. Resultatet visar att sättet att tala om framtidens automatiserade arbetsmarknad i termer av risk, som något som innebär konkurrens mellan länder och grupper och som en naturkraft skapar en diskursordning kring framtidens automatiserade arbetsmarknad. Några av slutsatserna för vårt arbete visar på ett sätt att se på arbetslivets automatisering som något riskfyllt, något som hotar jobben på den svenska arbetsmarknaden och något som sker utan någon aktiv aktör. / The aim of this work was to study, with the help of discourse analysis/way to talk about working life, future changes, more specific predictions about the working life of automation. The method has been critical discourse analysis and discourse analytical concepts taken from Foucault. The focus of our analysis has been an established report which estimates that 53 percent of the jobs on the Swedish labor market can be automated within 20 years. The result shows that the way to talk about the future of automated labor market in terms of risk, in terms of competition between countries and groups and as a force of nature creates an order of discourse of the future of automated labor. Some of the conclusions of our work demonstrates a way to look at working life automation as something associated with risk, something that threatens the jobs on the Swedish labor market and something that occur without having any active agent.

The Employment of the Czech citizens in other member states of the European Union The basic aim of my thesis is to analyze possibilities of Czech citizens seeking job in other member states of European Union. The enlargement of EU in 2004 and 2007 opened borders to labour markets of the old EU countries for citizens of new member states. Czech citizens are able to search for a job in most of the states of EU except of Germany and Austria. In my work I concentrate especially on research of United Kingdom. It is a country that opened the labour market for Czech citizens the day our accession to European Union. My thesis is divided into seven chapters. In the first three chapters I analyze the right of free movement of persons, workers and right of settlement. I concentrate on the development from the historical point of view. I also mention the European legislation related to the free movement right. The fourth chapter explains the migration, and the potential of Czech migrant workers. I also describe the reasons for Czech foreign migration. In the fifth chapter I focus on the employment of Czech citizens in other member states in general. I explain where Czechs are able to work and in which circumstances. In the sixth chapter I would like to explain all the possibilities, restrictions, rights and...

This Master thesis aims at testing the intertemporal substitution hypothesis (ISH) for small and medium enterprises in Bosnia and Herzegovina. We predicted a positive relationship between the hours worked and the transitory changes in wages, and tested the hypothesis using the data collected via surveys of small entrepreneurs in North-Western Bosnia and Herzegovina; collecting data on daily income and the hours worked. The estimated wage elasticities are positive and different from zero, according to which it appears that the hypothesis of negative wage elasticities has no empirical evidence in the case of Bosnian and Herzegovinian entrepreneurs. This result implies that the intertemporal labour substitution hypothesis found supportive evidence and that we can reject the daily targeting hypothesis. We also argue that entrepreneurs tend to pursue profits across working days because their main motive for running a business is the accumulation of capital and wealth, so that they follow the pattern of intertemporal labour substitution. The findings can be explained by an unfavourable business climate in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is a result of a long-lasting transition process the country is still undergoing. Keywords: labour supply, elasticity, intertemporal substitution, daily targeting, SMEs,...

The thesis deals with the concept of flexicurity and its effects in the termination of the employment contract in the Czech Republic and the Kingdom of Sweden. The main aim of the thesis is to describe and compare both legislations from flexicurity perspective and suggest changes in the czech legislation. Strategy of flexicurity is one of the most discussed topics not only in the field of labour law but also in the field of social security systems and active labour market policies during the past few years. The concept of flexicurity can in a simplified way be characterized as a policy approach that tries to combine the flexibility of labor markets and job security for employees. According to the experts, flexicurity could help solve issues such as globalization or effects of economic crisis and higher unemployment occured due to the crisis. The thesis is composed of five chapters, each of them dealing with different aspect of the concept of flexicurity and its application in the Czech Reoublic and the Kingdom of Sweden. Chapter One defines and explaines the concept of flexicurity as such, followed by examples of succesful European flexicurity models. The chapter concludes with a brief outline of current development of flexicurity at European level. Chapter Two describes the individual components...

Cette thèse se centre sur trois sources importantes d'inégalité de genre sur le marché du travail en Afrique : (i) les salaires, (ii) l'allocation du temps entre travail marchand et travail domestique, et (iii) les revenus de l'emploi informel. Le Chapitre 2 montre que, en Ethiopie, les progrès en matière d'égalité de genre dans l'éducation sont nécessaires pour accroitre le salaire des femmes, mais pas suffisants pour enrayer l'écart de salaire avec les hommes. D'autres interventions seraient nécessaires, telles que des campagnes d'information et d'autres efforts de sensibilisation sur les dispositions antidiscriminatoires de la législation nationale, afin de compenser l'effet adverse de facteurs non-observables (pratiques discriminatoires, normes culturelles et sociales…) qui contribuent directement au différentiel de salaire entre les sexes et indirectement, à travers la sélection dans l'emploi. Le Chapitre 3 met en lumière la coexistence de deux phénomènes en Ethiopie, une forte division du travail selon le genre et une double charge de travail des femmes. Le pays gagnerait à poursuivre et intensifier ses efforts pour un meilleur accès des femmes à tous les niveaux d'éducation, et pour une meilleure diffusion et application de la loi en faveur du bien-être économique et social des femmes, car cela contribuerait au changement des mentalités et attitudes qui empêchent les femmes d'exploiter pleinement leur potentiel et les subordonnent aux hommes. Finalement, dans le Chapitre 4 nous observons que les femmes occupant un emploi informel en Tanzanie subissent une pénalité salariale bien plus élevée que celle des hommes. Pour expliquer ce résultat, nous conjecturons que l'hypothèse d'exclusion, selon laquelle les individus n'ont pas accès à l'emploi formel en raison des contraintes disproportionnées auxquelles ils font face (fardeau des tâches domestiques, manque d'infrastructures adéquates…), est plus forte parmi les femmes.Classification JEL : J16, J22, J24, J31, J42, J71 / The main objective of this thesis is to contribute to our better understanding of the main factors behind large and persistent gender disparities in Africa's labour markets. This work looks at three key dimensions of labour market gender inequality in Africa: (i) the gender wage gap, (ii) gender inequalities in allocating time to market and household work, and (iii) the gender-differentiated income effect of informality. Chapter 2 shows that, in Ethiopia, progress towards gender equity in education is important to improve women's wages but not enough to close most of the gender wage differential. Other interventions would be needed as, for instance, information campaigns and other awareness-raising efforts in support of the anti-discriminatory provisions of Ethiopia's own constitution and legislation, to compensate for the adverse impact of unobservable factors (discriminatory practices, social and cultural norms…), that directly contribute to the gender wage gap and indirectly, through job selection. Chapter 3 highlights the coexistence of two phenomena in Ethiopia, a strong gender-based division of labour and a double work burden on women. The country would benefit from pursuing and intensifying its efforts to ensure better access to education at all levels for women, and from providing better information and enforcement of the law in support of women's economic and social well-being, as it would help changing mentalities and attitudes that impede women to take full advantage of their abilities and that keep them subordinated to men. Finally, in Chapter 4 we observe that, in Tanzania, women face a significantly higher informal employment wage penalty than men. To explain this result, we conjecture that the exclusion hypothesis, according to which individuals are denied access to formal jobs due to the disproportionate constraints they face (burden of household responsibilities, lack of adequate infrastructure…), is more acute among women.JEL classification : J16, J22, J24, J31, J42, J71

This tesis focuses on the issue of xenophobia and the meaning of public opinion about xenophobia by the template of secondary data analysis. The primary source for presented analysis was the research of The Center of Independent Public Opinion Research of the year 2011, which focused among other things on topic of foreigners in Czech republic. The main purpose of this tesis is to discover and to verify tendencies and attitudes of major czech public to the topic of foreigners living in our country. The tesis is from formaly standpoint separated into two basic parts. The theoretical part focuses on the very concept of xenophobia. It is the definition of this term. The focus is either concentrated to the theories of creation of xenophobia in the literature and theory. Between empirical and methodological part is a short chapter of operationalization of xenophobia concept. Fundamental part of the theoretical part is the chapter about the term foreigner itself where is defined how is this term used in all the tesis. Some space is push ahead with the description of foreigners living on the territory of Czech republic. Third chapter focuses on methodology. Shortly are mentioned basic premises of relations between xenophobia and other variables. To the reader are introduced primary data sets. This part is...

In recent years became unemployment one of the most important economical issues. Increasing rate of unemployment is one of the most serious problems of most states. The goal of all of them is to ensure the maximal balance between supply and demand on the labour market. The purpose of the master thesis is to describe the basic aspects of labour market and unemployment, but primarily to describe the special instruments of the Austrian labour market and find some recommendations, which could be helpful and could be implemented to the system in the Czech Republic. First three chapters deals with the theoretical basis of the topic and terminology. First chapter describe the functioning of the labour market and specific attributes of the supply and demand on the labour market. Chapter two, which deal with the unemployment, define the origin of unemployment, kinds of unemployment and consequences of unemployment to the society. The third chapter concern to the topic of minimal wages and compare the advantages and disadvantages of the statutory minimal wages. Chapter four summarise the development and instruments of the employment policy of the European Union, because this policy has influence on the system in the Czech Republic and also in Austria. The last and the most important chapter of the thesis...

The paper decomposes average income differentials between Roma and non-Roma in South East Europe into the component that can be explained by group differences in income-related characteristics (characteristics effect), and the component which is due to differing returns to these characteristics (coefficients or discrimination effect). The decomposition analysis is based on Blinder (1973) and Oaxaca (1973) and uses three weighting matrices, reflecting the different assumptions about income structures that would prevail in the absence of discrimination. Heckman (1979) estimators control for selectivity bias. Using microdata from the 2004 UNDP household survey on Roma minorities, the paper finds that a large share of the average income differential between Roma and non-Roma is explained by human capital differences. Nevertheless, significant labour market discrimination is found in Kosovo for all weight specifications and in Bulgaria and Serbia for two weight specifications. (author's abstract)