This diploma paper is dealing with causes, development and solutions of high unemployment rate among young people in Spain, which belongs to the highest in Europe. Spanish labour market is put in context with macroeconomic data which are compared with European Union. Main purpose is to find out causes of high unemployment rate of young people, who are a threatened group on the labour market and thus experienced the biggest impact of economic depression. Based on the undertaken analysis, one of the main causes, beside the economic depression, is also rigid labour legislation which leads to dual labour market. Other significant factors are also education and immigration. Structural reforms conducted on the labour market in the years 2010 and 2012 are valuated, despite certain fractional less successful measures, as positive.

The Thesis analyses the impact that humanly devised institutions, defined as “formal and informal constraints on political, economic, and social interactions”, have on international trade and the patterns comparative advantage. The key assumption of the Thesis is that although institutions impact on the whole economy they may influence some sectors more than others. Industry‘s dependence on institutions is a technological feature of production. Hence, for example, industries that require a large number of intermediate inputs for production will be more dependent on the quality of contract enforcement regulation for their growth. The Thesis analyses 4 different sub-components of institutional quality: contract enforcement, financial development, property rights and labour market institutions. The Thesis’ hypotheses regarding each of these sub-components are as follows: 1. Countries with more efficient contract enforcement regulations will specialize (have a comparative advantage) in more complex sectors that depend on contracts with suppliers/producers for their growth.2. Countries with more secure property rights will specialize in sectors that are more dependent on intangible assets for production.3. Countries with higher financial development will have a comparative advantage in sectors that are more dependent on external finance for their growth.4. Countries with more flexible labour markets will specialize in more volatile industries. In order to test these assumptions we construct three econometric models (Chapters 4-6). In Chapter 4 we assess how contract enforcement regulations, financial development, property rights and labour market institutions impact on trade volumes using a well-known gravity model. In Chapter 5 we test whether these sub-components have an impact on growth of value-added at industry level. Finally, in chapter 6 the impact on firms’ productivity is tested. The results show that contract enforcement regulations and financial development affect countries’ comparative advantage by affecting countries trade flows, value-added and productivity in a way consistent with the hypothesis. The results regarding the other two institutional sub-components are mixed but we do find some evidence the countries with more secure property rights export more and have higher value-added growth in sectors that are more dependent on intangible assets. These results are robust to different specifications. Using a novel set of instrumental variables we show that causality runs from institutions to trade, value-added and productivity rather than the reverse. We supplement the empirical evidence with a case-study of Lesotho’s textiles and garment industry and also find some evidence that this export-oriented industry emerged in Lesotho at least partly due to this country’s good institutions that are better than its African competitors. From a policy perspective our results imply that institutional and regulatory reform - especially in enforcement of contracts and financial sector regulations - may enhance the capacity of poor countries to move up to specialization into higher-valued products and to reap benefits from international integration.

The aim of this thesis is to analyse the situation in the labour market in the Czech Republic during the period 2004 -- 2011 and compare the development of selected indicators in the Czech labour market with other states in the European Union. The thesis seeks a comprehensive approach and focuses attention on key issues such as long-term unemployment and the problems of women, older workers or graduates. The thesis also includes a demonstration of the impact of demographic aging on the labour market. The conclusion describes some options for solving selected problems of the labour market and the general approach of employment policy.

Thesis "Personnel marketing" deals with the use of marketing approach in the management of human resources. The theoretical part is describing the role and growing importance of personnel marketing in the management of human resources. The practical part introduces all of the Big Four companies, including a description of their activities in the personnel marketing. Part of this work is formed by a survey of the attitudes and expectations of participants of the labour market in the form of a questionnaire. The survey results are analyzed from the perspective of students and graduates, as the target group of the Big Four as employers. Based on the analysis of attitudes of students and graduates recommendations for personnel marketing of the Big Four companies are suggested.

This master thesis deals with the harmonization of private and professional life. The aim of this thesis is to find effective ways of harmonizing family and work focusing on the female population of working age, especially on women with young children in the preschool age, their position on the labour market and the possibility of reintegration into the workforce with minimal impact on the family and children. The thesis is also interested in the issue of corporate kindergartens and their role in the issue of women's employment. Theory includes the topic of gender, women on labour market, a combination and conflict of work and family and ways of balance work and family. The practical part is divided into two case studies. The first deals with the company kindergarten as one of the possible solutions, from the point of view of management and employees. The second part deals with some concrete examples of solution how women harmonize private life and work.

The main objective of diploma thesis is to analyze and evaluate the situation of elder employees on the labour market in the Czech republic, where as in others developed countries of European union has negative demographic evolution. The first of all are mentioned fundamental demographic indicators including expected predictions for the future, next and also crucial part of thesis is dedicated to labour market with regards to changing structure in age structure of population. The group of elder workers is submitted to deeper analysis according to several standpoints such as reached education, gender or profession. The rest space is devoted to options and suggestions for this endangered group on the labour market, including examples of good practice from abroad. Thesis conclusion is focused on comparison with states of European union and fulfilling objectives in terms of European strategies.

The thesis will focus on the issues of population migration in relation to the labour market. The basic concepts, which relate to the issue of migration, and their interconnection will be clarified in the theoretical part. Special attention will be paid to the employment of foreigners in the Czech Republic in relation to the types of migration policy and thein development in Czech Republic. The thesis will present an analysis of the Czech labour market, particularly in terms of employment of foreigners and it will also analyse legislation regulating population migration. The empirical part will focus on the work migration and the labour market in the region of Jindřichův Hradec. It will also try to answer the question of whether the residents of Jindřichův Hradec migrate for work and if the observed migration (of JH population) is caused by the employment of foreigners here, ie if the domestic labour is crowded out by the foreign labour.

The diploma thesis deals with insufficient number of women in Leadership. The thesis aim is analysis of most powerful companies in Czech republic and evaluation their steps for better diversity in Leadership. Main question is oriented, if companies are available increased number of women in Leadership with their tools. Teoretic part describe development of this problem. Monitor women position and disadvantages, what they have in their carrer. The second part analyze companies principles, how they try to increase number of women. Influence of government and national organizations are mentioned too. Result of all work is evaluation of effectivity each approaches. I will prove, what approaches are good for women career and what are useful.

The goal of the master thesis is the research and comparison of the flexible forms of work in the Czech Republic and Norway in the 2004 - 2013. The theoretical part of the thesis is dedicated to the changes on the labour markets leading to higher unemployment and insecurities of the labour market. In the practical part are listed the forms of working contracts according to the labour law in the Czech Republic and Norway. The analysis of the Czech and Norwegian labour market has the focus on the flexible forms of work that are compared in terms of flexibility, security, usefulness, effectiveness, quality and the reason for using flexible forms of work. Using methods comparative and factorial analysis is the level of flexibility of the Norwegian labour market evaluated and compared with the level of flexibility of the Czech labour market. Due to the analysis of the micro- and macroeconomics conditions of the Czech Republic and Norway and an interview with Aline Bütikofer from the Norwegian School of Economics are identified the main reasons for the different degree of the flexibility of the labour market in the Czech Republic and Norway.

The focus of this diploma thesis is to describe the position of ex-prisoners on the labour market and how their operations on that market influence the society. In this paper, I will be looking into the social and state budget costs that these people cause, and why we can consider them as another vulnerable group on the labour market. The factors that lower their chances to succeed are lower productivity, level of education, and also statistical discrimination by employers that leads to demanding expectations on possessing a clean record. I will also focus my attention to the solutions that are currently in place in the Czech Republic, as success on the labour market is an important element to lowering the relapse rate. In the Czech Republic, the relapse rate is between 60 to 65 percent, which is lot higher than in other countries that have been trying to solve this problem for a longer period of time. This thesis confirms the hypothesis that this problem in the Czech Republic is not being treated on the same level as in other countries, and therefore we could learn and apply other solutions from abroad. Half-way houses have proven to be an effective solution and it would be good to put them into practice in Czech Republic as well.