Ce travail de thèse est basé sur le dépouillement et l'analyse de l'expérience PS177 faite dut le site de la machine LEAR du CERN (Genève) en 1988. La réaction de l'annihilation au repos des antiprotons sur une cible de bismuth ou uranium est étudiée. Cette réaction produit dans 2% des cas, des particules Lambda dans le noyau; Cette particule étrange remplace un nucléon du noyau, ce qui forme un hypernoyau. Si le noyau n'a pas fissionné, la désintégration du Lambda par voie non-mésonique, lui fournit environ 100 MeV d'énergie, ce qui lui permet de fissionner plus tardivement. La fission retardée est proportionnelle à la durée de vie de l'hypernoyau. La détermination des durées de vie dans le bismuth et l'uranium est faite pour permettre une étude des interactions faibles dans un milieu nucléaire dense.

Freiburg i. Br., Univ., Diss., 2007.

I detta arbeta gjordes en undersökning om hur en drönare kan regleras vid olika viktbelastningar. Först gjordes en teoretisk undersökning av fyra olika reglermetoder, två modellbaserade och två icke-modellbaserade metoder. De två modellbaserade var linjär kvadratisk reglering och modell prediktiv kontroll. De två icke-modellbaserade var kaskad kontroll och PID regulator. Av alla metoderna valdes det att användas en PID regulator för regleringen. För att ställa in PID testades tre olika metoder, Ziegler-Nichols, lambda och AMIGO metoden. Alla dessa tre använde stegsvaret för systemet för att beräkna parametrarna till PID. Detta resulterade i flera olika parameterval för systemet. Parametervalen testades på drönaren och AMIGO metoden gav de bästa resultaten. De olika lasterna som testades var 4.7, 6.1 och 10.8 gram. AMIGO metoden kunde användas för att reglera drönaren upp till 6.1 gram därefter blev drönarens beteende allt för olinjärt. Sammanfattningsvis går det att använda en PID som ställs in med AMIGO metoden från stegsvaret för att reglera en drönare med mindre laster upp till ungefär sex gram. / This project tested how a drone can be controlled when loads are applied to it. First four different control methods were analyzed, two model based and two non-model based. The two model based were linear quadratic regulator and model predictive control. The two non-model based were cascade control and PID regulator. The PID regulator were chosen and three different methods to tune the PID was tested. Ziegler-Nichols, lambda and AMIGO method, all used the step response from the system to determine the parameters. These different methods gave different setup of parameters and the best result came from the AMIGO method. The different loads that were applied to the system was 4.7, 6.1 and 10.8 gram. The AMIGO method were able to tune the PID up to 6.1 grams, then the system lost to much of its linear behavior. To summarize the work a PID tuned by the AMIGO method using the step response were able to control a drone with a load up to about six grams.

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Gustavo Sousa Pavani / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação, 2014. / Por conta da grande demanda por computação de alto desempenho, maiores taxas de envio de dados e disponibilidade de recursos de um ambiente de computação em grade, este trabalho apresenta um estudo realizado sobre o uso de redes ópticas que operam com Multiplexação por Divisão de Comprimento de Onda (Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)) no suporte a grades computacionais, cujo ambiente é chamado de lambda grid. Assim, é proposto neste trabalho uma nova arquitetura de lambda grid capaz de ampliar a disponibilidade de seus recursos computacionais e de rede, por meio da inserc~ao de um suporte a reserva futura destes recursos, ampliando a disponibilidade da grade a tempos futuros e não apenas a tempos correntes de operação. Para o gerenciamento desse ambiente, foi proposto o uso de um algoritmo baseado em Otimização por Colônia de Formigas (Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)) integrado ao plano de controle Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS), o qual é capaz de gerenciar dinamicamente e de forma conjunta os recursos de processamento e de rede, alem de prover os mecanismos de agendamento e de reserva futura desses recursos. A arquitetura proposta, juntamente com os demais algoritmos desenvolvidos, foi testada e validada por meio de simulações. Os resultados das simulações permitiram a avaliação do desempenho da nova arquitetura e da necessidade de se incorporar o agendamento conjunto com reserva futuras na execução da ação da probabilidade de bloqueio. / Due to the increasing demand of high-performance computing, higher data transport rates and the availability of the resources on a grid computing environment, this work presents a study of the use of Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) optical networks on the support of grid computing, whose environment is known as lambda grid. It is proposed in this work a new architecture of lambda grid which is capable of increasing the availability of its network and computing resources by the use of an advance reservation approach, which makes the grid able to other its resources in future times of operation and not only in the current time. For the management of this environment, it was proposed the use of an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) based algorithm integrated to the Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) control plane, which is capable to dynamically manage the server and network resources, in addition to provide the co-scheduling and advance reservation of those resources. The proposed architecture and algorithms were tested and evaluated by means of simulations. The obtained results allowed the evaluation of the performance of the new architecture and the need to incorporate the co-scheduling of server and optical network resources in their advance reservation in order to minimize the blocking probability.

Orientadora: Daniele Barroca Marra Alves / Coorientadora: Eniuce Menezes de Souza / Banca: João Francisco Galera Monico / Banca: Paul Jozef de Jonge / Resumo: Essencial para o desempenho de posicionamento baseado em redes é que um usuá- rio receba e aplique as informações de correção geradas a partir de uma rede. Essas correções são necessárias para o usuário levar em conta os atrasos atmosféricos (ionosfera e troposfera) entre a sua localização aproximada e as estações da rede. A m de proporcionar correções mais precisas para os usuários, o processamento da rede deve ser baseada na solução das ambiguidades inteiras da fase da portadora entre as estações da rede. Denomina-se ambiguidade o número de ciclos inteiros entre as antenas do satélite e do receptor na primeira época de coleta de dados. As ambiguidades são introduzidas como parâmetros a serem estimados nas equações de observação. processo de solução das ambiguidades pode ser dividido em duas etapas: estimação e de validação. A estimativa está preocupada com o cálculo dos valores das ambiguidades. o etapa de validação é utilizada para inferir se o valor estimado pode ser aceito ou não. Um método muito utilizado pela comunidade cientí ca internacional para a estimação das ambiguidades inteiras é o método LAMBDA. Já para a validação os testes Ratio e FF-RT podem ser utilizados. O objetivo desta dissertação é investigar a solução das ambiguidades no contexto do posicionamento baseado em redes e sua implementação no software FCT_RTK_Net que foi desenvolvido em ambiente acadêmico. Nesta dissertação alguns experimentos sobre a solução das ambiguidades são apresentados, cujos resultados mostraram que o teste de validação FF-RT produz melhores percentuais de xação das ambiguidades. Os resultados também mostraram que o ADOP é um bom preditor da taxa de sucesso das ambiguidades e que a detecção e correção de perdas de ciclos são essenciais para a obtenção da solução das ambiguidades / Abstract: Essencial to the performance of Network RTK positioning is that a user receives and applies correction information from a network. These corrections are necessary for the user to account for the atmospheric (ionospheric and tropospheric) delays between his approximate location and the locations of the network's stations. In order to provide the most precise corrections to users, the network processing should be based on integer resolution of the carrier phase ambiguities between the network's stations. Ambiguity is called the number of complete cycles between the satellite antenna and receiver in his rst season of data collection. The ambiguities are introduced as parameters to be estimated in the observation equations. Ambiguity resolution can be divided in two steps: estimation and validation. The estimate is concerned with the calculation of the ambiguities values. O validation stage is used to infer whether the estimated value can be accepted or not. A method widely used by the international scienti c community for the estimation of integer ambiguities is the LAMBDA method. For the validation the ratio test and FF-RT may be used. The aim of this work is to investigate the resolution of ambiguities in the context of Network RTK and its implementation in FCT_RTK_Net software that was developed in an academic environment. In this thesis some experiments on resolving the ambiguities are presented, the results showed that the FF-RT validation test produces better percentage xing the ambiguities. The results also showed that ADOP is a good predictor of the success rate of ambiguities and that the detection and correction cycles slips are essential for obtaining the resolution of ambiguities / Mestre

This thesis deals with problematics of air/fuel mixture diagnosis od older carburetor motors. Especially for motors with more than one cylinder. In this thesis are informations about commercial product for diagnosis, brief informations about function of CV caburetor and best setup of fuel mixture. The next step in this thesis will be design, construction and testing of device for the diagnosis air/fuel mixture in practical use. Device will be able to measure mixture and other values witch can be used for best carburetor setup.

Die Herleitung des Unterschieds zwischen globaler und lokaler Stöchiometriezahl für den Oxyfuel-Prozess hat gezeigt, dass gleiche lokale Stöchiometriezahlen bei variierendem Rezirkulationsanteil unterschiedliche globale Stöchiometriezahlen zur Folge haben. In dieser Arbeit wird vorgeschlagen, die Bezeichnung der Zustandspunkte im Oxyfuel-Prozess mit den Sauerstoffkonzentrationen am Brennkammereintritt bzw. -austritt zu verbinden. Für den Sauerstoffanteil am Brennkammereintritt (z.B. 30 vol.-%) und den Restsauerstoff am Brennkammerende (z.B. 4 vol.-%) folgt zum Bespiel die Bezeichnung Oxyfuel 30 mit 4 % Restsauerstoff. Diese Bezeichnung ist eindeutig und kann das Lambda – als Beschreibung der Stöchiometrie im konventionellen Betrieb – ablösen. Für eine Vielzahl an Punkten sind Verbrennungsversuche mit Trockenbraunkohle und Sauerstoff durchgeführt worden. Ein stabiler Betrieb der Versuchsanlage der TU Dresden wurde zwischen Oxyfuel 17 und Oxyfuel 33 erreicht. Die Untersuchungen haben nachgewiesen, dass die Rezirkulation des feuchten Abgases für die Verbrennung unkritisch ist. Die Schwefeldioxid-Emissionen sind abhängig von den variierenden Reaktionstemperaturen im Kennfeld, dem Restsauerstoff am Brennkammerende und der Rezirkulation des Abgases. Mit der Belagssondenmessung von Aschepartikeln im Abgasstrom wurde gezeigt, dass auch andere Komponenten (z.B. Chlor) im Oxyfuel-Prozess aufkonzentriert werden. Diese erhöhten Konzentrationen werden zu neuen Anforderungen in der Werkstoffauswahl führen. Für das Einschwingverhalten der Abgaszusammensetzung beim Umschalten von konventioneller Verbrennung zu Oxyfuel-Prozess-Fahrweise hat sich gezeigt, dass für diese Staubfeuerungs-Versuchsanlage ein einfaches Rührkesselmodell geeignet ist.

In this dissertation, I developed a Pd seeding method in association with electroless plating, to successfully metallize both lambda DNA and DNA origami templates on different surfaces. On mica surfaces, this method offered a fast, simple process, and the ability to obtain a relatively high yield of metallized DNA nanostructures. When using lambda DNA as the templates, I studied the effect of Pd(II) activation time on the seed height and density, and an optimal activation time between 10 and 30 min was obtained. Based on the Pd seeds formed on DNA, as well as a Pd electroless plating solution, continuous Pd nanowires that had an average diameter of ~28 nm were formed with good selectivity on lambda DNA. The selected Pd activation time was also applied to metallize "T"-shape DNA origami, and Au coated branched nanostructures with a length between 200-250 nm, and wire diameters of ~40 nm were also fabricated. In addition, I found that the addition of Mg2+ ion into the reducing agent and electroless plating solution could benefit the surface retention of Pd seeded DNA and Au plated DNA structures. This work indicated that DNA molecules were promising templates to fabricate metal nanostructures; moreover, the formation of Au metallized branched nanostructures showed progress towards nanodevice fabrication using DNA origami. Silicon surfaces were also used as the substrates for DNA metallization. More complex circular circuit DNA origami templates were used. To obtain high enough seed density, multiple Pd seeding steps were applied which showed good selectivity and the seeded DNA origami remained on the surface after seeding steps. I used distribution analysis of seed height to study the effect of seeding steps on both average height and the uniformity of the Pd seeds. Four-repeated palladium seedings were confirmed to be optimal by the AFM images, seed height distribution analysis, and Au electroless plating results. Both Au and Cu metallized circular circuit design DNA origami were successfully obtained with high yield and good selectivity. The structures were maintained well after metallization, and the average diameters of Au and Cu samples were ~32 nm and 40 nm, respectively. Electrical conductivity measurements were done on these Au and Cu samples, both of which showed ohmic behavior. This is the first work to demonstrate the conductivity of Cu metallized DNA templates. In addition, the resistivities were calculated based on the measured resistance and the size of the metallized structures. My work shows promising progress with metallized DNA and DNA origami templates. The resulting metal nanostructures may find use as conducting interconnects for nanoscale objects as well as in surface enhanced Raman scattering analysis.

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