The purpose of this study is to examine the propagation of waves of finite deformation in rubbers through experiments and analysis. First, attention is focused on the propagation of one-dimensional dispersive waves in strips of latex and nitrile rubber. Tensile wave propagation experiments were conducted at high strain-rates by holding one end fixed and displacing the other end at a constant velocity. A high-speed video camera was used to monitor the motion and to determine the evolution of strain and particle velocity in rubber strips. Analysis of the response through the theory of finite wave propagation indicated a need for an appropriate constitutive model for rubber; by quantitative matching between the experimental observations and analytical predictions, an appropriate instantaneous elastic response for the rubbers was obtained. This matching process suggested that a simple power-law constitutive model was capable of representing the high strain-rate response for both rubbers used. Next, the propagation of one-dimensional shock waves in strips of latex and nitrile rubber is examined. Shock waves have been generated under tensile impact in pre-stretched rubber strips; analysis of the response yields the tensile shock adiabat for rubbers. The propagation of shocks is analyzed by developing an analogy with the theory of detonation. Attention is then focused on the propagation of unloading waves of finite deformation in a rubber specimen analytically and experimentally. A rubber strip stretched to many times its initial length is released at one end and the resulting unloading is examined. Dispersive waves as well as shock waves are observed in these experiments. Quantitative discrepancies between the analytical model and experimental observations are again used to motivate a power-law model. Hysteresis in the response is attributed to strain-induced crystallization and melting phase transitions in natural latex rubber, and to nonequilibrium microstructural deformation in nitrile rubber. Finally, a Kolsky experiment is conducted and analyzed under the framework of dispersive loading and unloading waves utilized in the previous experiments. In this experiment, a phase boundary is introduced separating low and high strain phases of the rubber and is demonstrated to persist as a stationary boundary in latex rubber. / text

Many models for predicting volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions from latex paints have been developed. Earlier models were developed for solvent-borne paints, particularly since these paints evaporate rapidly and can be modeled with simple decay models. However, paint has changed in the past fifty years, and a transition has been made towards water-borne paints. These paints were introduced for indoor applications because they lacked the health hazards and odors of their solvent-borne counterparts. These paints also have organic modifiers, therefore it is very important to predict how these modifiers evaporate from the coated material. New mechanistic models that can predict slow emitting VOCs over long periods of time are not available. An improved ability to predict VOC emissions from latex paints could lead to improved understanding, better policy-making and promotion of environmental regulations that benefit both the consumer and producers of architectural coatings. This research improves on existing models used to estimate VOC emissions off-gassed from latex paints. The developed two layer model (2LM) has a layer for paint and substrate material, and accounts for mass transfer at the paint layer, and diffusion transport between paint and material layers. The model provides a semi-mechanistic way to predict paint drying and VOC emissions from coatings on a variety of substrates. The model only requires the estimation of one parameter (the paint layer diffusion coefficient), unlike other models available that require multiple parameter estimations. This model is robust in the sense that it could be used to predict VOC emissions from paint, as well as predicting the variation of the internal VOC distribution on both paint and material layers with time. The model was tested and validated with empirical data collected from previous controlled chamber experiments, and also with data collected from short evaporation experiments. Critical paint components like polymer and pigment composition and its relation to VOC fate and transport after paint application, both initially and over long periods of time, were explored. Modeling results indicated that the diffusion coefficient of 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentadediol monoisobutyrate (TMPD-MIB) in the paint layer does not depend on the thickness of the wet paint film, but it depends on the pigment volume concentration (PVC) of the paint. Additionally, a constant diffusion coefficient used in the 2LM was successful for modeling emissions of TMPD-MIB from low pigment volume concentration (LPVC) paints, but it failed to capture the physical mechanisms of the drying film for high pigment volume concentration (HPVC) paints. A major finding from this research was that a detailed gas phase analysis of mass transport for TMPD-MIB would have negligible effects on the predicted overall evaporation rate. Therefore, the entire wet and dry emissions processes are likely dominated by diffusion processes. / text

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No description available.

A não-união óssea devido a condições pós-traumáticas ou patologias apresentam grandes desafios para a prática ortopédica, onde a necessidade de analisar novos biomateriais que auxiliem no processo da regeneração, tem levado vários pesquisadores a estudarem a membrana do látex natural (LN) e colágeno (COL) como formas de tratamento através da regeneração óssea guiada. O uso do LN têm mostrado promissores resultados em aplicações biomédicas, apresentando características como biocompatibilidade, crescimento ósseo e estímulo natural à angiogênese. Estudos que utilizam as membranas de colágeno para a mesma finalidade também observaram bons resultados em relação à biocompatibilidade, função hemostática, poder de auxiliar na cicatrização de feridas, capacidade de estimular a adesão celular e quimiotaxia. Porém, possuem alto poder de se degradar antes de completar o período final de tratamento. Desta forma, a utilização de membranas contendo estes dois componentes pode auxiliar no processo de neoformação óssea através da regeneração óssea guiada (ROG), e o LN pode funcionar como matriz para a liberação controlada do colágeno no defeito. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da membrana mista, composta por LN/COL, no processo de reparação óssea em defeitos de tíbia de ratos. Para tanto, foram utilizados quarenta (40) ratos machos da raça Rattus norvegicus albinus, da variedade Wistar, com cinco semanas de idade e peso médio de 300 g. Foi realizado um defeito ósseo bilateralmente nas tíbias de todos os animais, que foram divididos em 4 grupos (n=10), sendo: grupo controle (C); e tratados: grupo látex natural (LN); grupo látex natural/colágeno (LN/COL) e grupo colágeno (COL). O tempo de tratamento foi de 42 dias e a eutanásia dos animais foi realizada por overdose de anestésico (ketamina/xilazina). Após a eutanásia, as tíbias de cada animal foram dissecadas e limpas das partes moles, e armazenadas de acordo com protocolo de cada análise. Foram realizadas análise de microtomografia computadorizada (micro CT), densitometria, ensaio mecânico, histologia, e reação de polimerização em cadeia quantitativo (RT-qPCR). A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada utilizando o programa SPSS® (Versão 20.0, IBM®, Armonk, EUA) e foi adotado nível de significância de 5% (p<= 0,05). Foi utilizado o teste de Shapiro-Wilk para testar se os dados apresentavam ou nãodistribuição normal. A comparação entre os grupos (dados paramétricos) foi realizada através do teste ANOVA com pós-teste de Tukey. Os dados não-paramétricos foram analisados através do teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Foram demonstradas diferenças estatísticas no BV entre os grupos LN e CON (p<0,008); BV/TV do grupo LN/COL comparado ao CON (p<0,016) e ao LN (p<0,016); na neoformação óssea entre CON e COL (p< 0,002); e na força máxima quando comparado o grupo COL com CON (p<0,050) e (p<0,001). Os resultados demonstraram que não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos na análise da DMO (p=0,669), colágeno (p=0,224), rigidez relativa (p=0,461), RANK L (p=0,121), OC (p=0,066) e OPG (0,287), porém, todas as membranas utilizadas demonstraram valores superiores ao grupo CON. Sendo assim podemos concluir que as membranas utilizadas como tratamento apresentaram eficácia na reparação óssea de tíbia de ratos, no entanto, as membranas de COL e LN/COL demonstraram resultados mais significativos no período analisado. / The non-union of bone due to post-traumatic conditions or pathologies presents major challenges for orthopedic practice, where the need to analyze new biomaterials that aid in the regeneration process, has led several researchers to study the natural latex (LN) membrane and collagen (COL) as forms of treatment through guided bone regeneration. The use of LN has shown promising results in biomedical applications, presenting characteristics such as biocompatibility, bone growth and natural stimulation to angiogenesis. Studies that use collagen membranes for the same purpose have also observed good results in relation to biocompatibility, hemostatic function, the power to aid wound healing, the ability to stimulate cell adhesion and chemotaxis. However, they have a high capacity to degrade before completing the final treatment period. Thus, the use of membranes containing these two components can aid in the bone neoformation process through guided bone regeneration (ROG), and the LN can function as a matrix for the controlled release of the collagen in the defect. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the mixed membrane, composed of LN / COL, in the process of bone repair in rat tibia defects. For this purpose, forty (40) male Rattus norvegicus albinus rats of the Wistar variety, with five weeks of age and average weight of 300 g were used. A bone defect was performed bilaterally in the tibiae of all the animals, which were divided into 4 groups (n = 10), being: control group (C); and treated: natural latex group (LN); natural latex / collagen group (LN / COL) and collagen group (COL). The treatment time was 42 days and euthanasia of the animals was performed by anesthetic overdose (ketamine / xylazine). After euthanasia, the tibia from each animal were dissected and cleaned from the soft tissues, and stored according to each analysis protocol. Computed microtomography (micro CT), densitometry, mechanical assay, histology, and quantitative polymerization (RT-qPCR) were performed. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the SPSS® program (Version 20.0, IBM®, Armonk, USA) and a significance level of 5% was adopted (p<=0.05). The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test whether or not the data presented normal distribution. The comparison between the groups (parametric data) was performed through the ANOVA test with Tukey post-test. Nonparametric data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Statistical differences in BVwere found between the LN and CON groups (p <0.008); BV / TV of the LN / COL group compared to the CON (p <0.016) and the LN (p <0.016); in the bone neoformation between CON and COL (p <0.002); and maximal strength when compared to the COL group with CON (p <0.050) and (p <0.001). The results showed that there was no significant difference between groups in the analysis of BMD (p = 0.669), collagen (p = 0.224), relative rigidity (p = 0.461), RANK L (p = and OPG (0.287), however, all the membranes used showed higher values than the CON group. Thus, it can be concluded that the membranes used as treatment showed efficacy in rat tibia repair, however, the COL and LN / COL membranes showed more significant results in the analyzed period.

Gunshot primer residue (P-GSR) is released from the openings of a firearm when it is discharged12,13. P-GSR is made of microscopic particles that are considered characteristic of being derived from firearm ammunition when composed of barium (Ba), lead (Pb), and antimony (Sb) and have the correct morphology4. Morphology describes the shape of the P-GSR particle, which can be spherical, irregularly shaped, and must be non-crystalline. Forensic labs are commonly requested to test for the presence of P-GSR on evidential items, such as hands, clothing, vehicles, and gloves, in order to provide circumstantial evidence showing that they were, in some way, possibly involved with a shooting. Occasionally these evidential items are also expected to undergo fingerprint processing to potentially link someone to a crime. Latex gloves are often utilized in the commission of a crime with the impression that fingerprints cannot be left behind, however latent prints can often be developed on this non-porous material. Due to the evidential value of fingerprints and in order to ensure that potential prints are not damaged during P-GSR collection, latent print development is routinely performed first. Considering that P-GSR particles are easily dislodged, it is possible that some loss of P-GSR may occur during latent print processing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of processing a non-porous item for latent fingerprints on the subsequent recovery and detection of P-GSR. Latex gloves were worn during the discharge of either a pistol or a revolver and then processed for latent prints by undergoing cyanoacrylate fuming followed by either white powder or yellow dye. The latex gloves were then sampled for P-GSR using aluminum stubs containing an adhesive coating which were dabbed over the gloves until they loss their tackiness. The stubs were then carbon coated using a Denton Vacuum Desk IV in order to prevent charging in the analytical instrument. Utilizing a JEOL JSM-6460LV Scanning Electron Microscope (JEOL USA Inc., Peabody, MA coupled with an EDAX Apollo X Analyzer (EDAX Inc., Mahwah, NJ) and EDAX Genesis GSR Software, the stubs were processed for three-component particles characteristic of P-GSR. It was determined that P-GSR can still be recovered on latex gloves after undergoing latent print processing involving cyanoacrylate fuming followed by either white powder or yellow dye processing. Three-component particles were found on both the interior and exterior of the latex gloves after being processed for latent prints. On average, 33 P-GSR particles were found on the exterior of the gloves and four P-GSR particles were found on the interior of the gloves. Although significantly less were found on the interior of the gloves (<10), it is recommended that both sides of gloves be stubbed when collecting P-GSR for the greatest chances of collecting three-component particles if they are in fact present on a pair of gloves. Although more particles were found on the gloves that were not processed for latent prints, a sufficient number of particles (≥3 particles) were consistently found on the latex gloves after undergoing latent print processing to provide a positive P-GSR result according to the Massachusetts State Police Crime Lab guidelines for P-GSR analysis. Therefore, this research shows that latex gloves can first be processed for latent prints and then subsequently be processed for P-GSR effectively in order to try and obtain both forms of evidence for a case.

Orientador: Rondinelli Donizetti Herculano / Coorientador: Eduardo Maffud Cilli / Coorientador: Ricardo José de Mendonça / Banca: Ana Maria Minarelli Gaspar / Banca: Ana Marisa Fusca Almeida / Banca: Antonio Carlos Shimano / Banca: Cecilia Amelia de Carvalho Zavaglia / Resumo: Com o aumento dos acidentes automotivos e da expectativa de vida e, consequentemente, o da população de idosos, as fraturas ósseas e a osteoporose estão mais recorrentes, incentivando assim, a busca por novos biomateriais para reparação óssea. Em vista desta problemática, o objetivo desse trabalho consistiu em estudar a influência de diferentes fases de fosfato de cálcio na liberação sustentada utilizando a membrana de latex natural (LN) como carreador para estimular a reparação óssea. Conforme os resultados de MEV/FEG, o sol-gel tratado à 400°C (CPP), 600°C (HA) e 1200°C (α-TCP), apresentaram partículas de 170-650nm, 110-620nm e 10-79nm, respectivamente. A análise de MEV/FEG da superfície das membranas apresentou partículas de CPP inclusas na superfície e no interior das membranas. No entanto, as membranas incorporadas com HA e a α-TCP apresentaram uma inclusão mais superficial. As análises DRX e FT-IR confirmaram a identidade das fases presentes nas membranas. A membrana de LN pura apresentou um valor de rugosidade 71 vezes menor que a amostra de maior rugosidade (LN+ HA). No ensaio de ângulo de contato, as amostras LN pura e LN + CPP apresentaram molhabilidade parcial, enquanto as membranas incorporadas com HA e α-TCP apresentaram molhabilidade completa. Nos ensaios de cinéticas das liberações, as membranas apresentaram uma liberação de 48% para CPP, 95% para HA e 71% para α-TCP durante 330 horas. O ensaio de atividade hemolítica apresentou 1,1% para LN pura, 0% para LN+CP... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The increase in car accidents and life expectancy, and consequently, elderly population, bone fractures and osteoporosis are more frequent, thus encouraging the search for new biomaterials for bone repair. In view of this problem, the objective of this work was to study the influence of different phases of calcium phosphate on sustained release using the natural latex (NL) membrane as carrier to stimulate bone regeneration. According to the FEG/SEM results, the sol-gel treated at 400°C (CPP), 600°C (HA) and 1200°C (α-TCP) had particles of 170-650nm, 110- 620nm and 10-79nm, respectively. FEG/SEM analysis of the membranes surface showed CPP particles included on the surface and inside the membranes. However, the incorporated membranes with HA and α-TCP had a more superficial inclusion. XRD and FT-IR analyzes confirmed the identity of the phases present in the membranes. The pure NL membrane presented a roughness value 71 times lower than the sample of greater roughness (NL + HA). In the contact angle test, the pure NL and NL + CPP samples showed partial wettability, while the incorporated membranes with HA and α-TCP showed complete wettability. In the release kinetics assays, the membranes showed a release of 48% for CPP, 95% for HA and 71% for α-TCP for 330 hours. The hemolytic activity assay presented 1.1% for pure NL, 0% for NL + CPP, 2.2% NL + HA and 1.1% for NL + α-TCP hemolysis. The cytotoxicity assay (MTT) in osteoblasts was inconclusive due enzymes contained in the late... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Os elásticos ortodônticos intermaxilares são dispositivos auxiliares importantes para o tratamento ortodôntico. Os objetivos dessa pesquisa foram: comparar a intensidade de força dos elásticos informada pelos fabricantes com a força após estiramento de três vezes o diâmetro interno e avaliar o decaimento de força dos elásticos ortodônticos de várias empresas comerciais (Uniden, Morelli, Orthometric, Aditek, Rocky Mountain, TP Orthodontics e GAC Dentsply) de quatro tamanhos diferentes de diâmetro interno (1/8\"; 3/16\"; 1/4\" e 5/16\") com intensidade de força leve e média. Para esta pesquisa foi desenvolvido um dispositivo para simular os movimentos mandíbulo-maxilar durante a fala. Os elásticos foram submetidos a teste dinâmico e estático, por um período de 24 horas. Durante o teste, os elásticos, foram estirados ao comprimento de três vezes o diâmetro interno, de acordo com o índice de extensão padrão informado pelos fabricantes. Em seguida, iniciou-se o teste dinâmico, no qual, os elásticos eram alongados por mais 11mm correspondendo a distância maxilo-mandibular durante a fala, a uma frequência de 5 Hz. Esse ciclo repetiu-se por 10 minutos a cada hora durante 10 horas. Em três períodos os elásticos não participaram de nenhum teste, ou seja, foram removidos do dispositivo, simulando os horários das refeições. Completando assim o tempo de 12 horas do período diurno. Nos períodos restantes, 12 horas, os elásticos permaneceram em teste estático, ou seja, mantiveram estirados a 3 vezes o diâmetro interno, correspondendo ao período noturno do paciente no qual não apresenta movimento mandibulares significativos. As leituras das tensões-força geradas pelos elásticos foram realizadas por meio de um dispositivo de leitura de força modificada para mensurar elásticos quando estirados a distância de três vezes o lúmen. A leitura ocorreu a cada ciclo durante as primeiras 12 horas, uma inicial e a última ocorreu 24 horas após o início do teste, totalizando 14 leituras. Em função das características da amostra o teste estatístico utilizado foi o teste t de Student, ANOVA e teste Scott-Knott. A maior parte dos elásticos apresentaram diferença entre a força encontrada nesta pesquisa e a força informada pelo fabricante. Os elásticos com diâmetro interno de 1/8\" apresentaram ruptura durante os testes. Nos elásticos com diâmetro 3/16\" de intensidade de força leve, as empresas com melhores desempenhos foram: Morelli, Aditek, Uniden, GAC Dentsply, Orthometric, Rocky Mountain e TP Orthodontics. Nos elásticos com mesmo diâmetro, porém com intensidade de força média, a empresa com menor decaimento de força foi a Uniden, seguido por Morelli, GAC Dentsply, Rocky Mountain, Aditek, Orthometric, TP Orthodontics. Nos elásticos 1/4\" com intensidade de força leve, as empresas com menores decaimentos de forças formaram: Uniden, GAC Dentsply, Morelli, Rocky Mountain, TP Orthodontics, Aditek e Orthometric. Os elásticos 1/4\" com intensidade de força média, as empresas com menores decaimentos de forças foram: Uniden, seguido por Rocky Mountain, Morelli, Aditek, TP Orthodontics, GAC Dentsply e Orthometric. Os elásticos 5/16\" com intensidade de força leve, os elásticos da empresa Uniden apresentaram menores decaimentos de forças, seguido por GAC Dentsply, Aditek, Morelli, Rocky Mountain, Orthometric e TP Orthodontics. Nos elásticos 5/16\" de intensidade de força média, as empresas com menores decaimentos de forças foram: Uniden, Rocky Mountain, Morelli, GAC Dentsply, Aditek, Orthometric e TP Orthodontics. Em seguida à análise dos resultados, conclui-se que o maior decaimento de força dos elásticos ocorreram na primeira hora de teste, em média 12,78%, em seguida, a esse período, ocorre um decaimento de menor intensidade de força, em média de 6,95%, durante o período de 24 horas. Sendo indicado as trocas dos elásticos diariamente. / Intermaxillary latex orthodontic elastics are important auxiliary devices for orthodontic treatment. This study aimed to assess force decay of several commercial brands (Uniden, Morelli, Orthometric, Aditek, Rocky Mountain, TP Orthodontics, and GAC Dentsply) and four sizes (1/8\"; 3/16\"; 1/4\"; and 5/16\") with low and median force intensity. A device that simulates mandibular and maxillary speech movement of patients was developed for this research. The elastics were simultaneously subjected to dynamic and static tests for 24 hours. During the static test, the elastics were stretched three times the distance of the inner diameter, as recommended by the manufacturers. Next, the dynamic test began, where the elastics were stretched by an additional 11 mm, which corresponds to the maxillary and mandibular distance during speech, at a 5 Hz rate. This cycle was repeated for 10 minutes every 10 hours. In three periods, the elastics did not participate of any test, meaning they were removed from the device to simulate meal times; thus, the 12-hour daytime was completed. Over the 12 hours remaining, the elastics were maintained in static test, meaning they were stretched three times the inner diameter, which corresponds to the night time of the patient, who did not present significant mandibular movements. Force readings were performed at each cycle over the first 12 hours, and the last reading was performed 24 hours after the beginning of the test. Due to the characteristic of the sample, the statistical tests used were Student t test, ANOVA, and Scott-Knott test. Most of the elastics presented difference between the force found in this research and the one informed by the manufacturer. The 1/8\" (3.2 mm) elastics showed rupture during tests. In the 3/16\" (4.8 mm) elastics with low force intensity, the best-performing brands were Morelli, Aditek, Uniden, GAC Dentsply, Orthometric, Rocky Mountain, and TP Orthodontics over 24 hours of testing. In elastics with the same diameter but median force intensity, the brand with less force decay was Uniden, followed by Morelli, GAC Dentsply, Rocky Mountain, Aditek, Orthometric, and TP Orthodontics. In the 1/4\" elastics with light force intensity, the brands with less force decay were Uniden, GAC Dentsply, Morelli, Rocky Mountain, TP Orthodontics, Aditek, and Orthometric. In the 1/4\" elastics with medium force intensity, the brand with less force decay was, again, Uniden, followed by Rocky Mountain, Morelli, Aditek, TP Orthodontics, GAC Dentsply, and Orthometric. In the 5/16\" (7.9 mm) elastics with light force intensity, the brand Uniden presented better performance, followed by GAC Dentsply, Aditek, Morelli, Rocky Mountain, Orthometric, and TP Orthodontics. In the 5/16\" elastics with median force intensity, the brands with less force decay were Uniden, Rocky Mountain, Morelli, GAC Dentsply, Aditek, Orthometric, and TP Orthodontics. After the analysis of results, it was concluded that the greatest force decay of elastics occurred in the first hour of testing with 12.78% in average; after this period, there was a reduced force decay of 6.95% in average, over 24 hours. Daily changes of elastics are recommended.

A adição de látex polimérico em argamassas usadas para reparos, argamassas colantes, argamassas técnica decorativas, argamassas de impermeabilização e chapiscos de alto desempenho é prática comum no setor de construção civil, visto que auxiliam seu desempenho no estado endurecido. As modificações do cimento Portland branco com diversos teores (de 5% a 20%) e tipos de látex (etileno vinil acetato, poliacetato de vinil versatato, estireno acrílico e estireno butadieno) resultaram em alterações no estado fresco (cinética de hidratação, cinética de consolidação, teor de ar incorporado) e no estado endurecido (resistência mecânica, elasticidade, absorção de água por capilaridade, permeabilidade ao ar e ao vapor), em muitos casos, proporcionais ao aumento de seus teores. Ao se atingir 20% de adição, em ralação à massa do cimento, houve ganhos expressivos no estado endurecido das pastas, como o aumento da resistência à tração na compressão diametral, e da resistência de aderência, diminuição do módulo elástico e da absorção de água por capilaridade sem comprometer a facilidade à permeabilidade do vapor. Todavia, no estado fresco não apresentaram condições de aplicação devido à excessiva fluidez e diminuição acentuada no processo de consolidação. / Modified Portland cement mortars have been used for repair, stickers, highperformance and finishing of facades is common practice in the construction industry, due his performance in hardened state. Additions of several latex levels (5% to 20%) and types (ethylene vinyl acetate, vinyl poliacetate versatate, styrene acrylic and styrene butadiene) resulted in changes in the fresh state (hydration kinetics, kinetic consolidation, air content) and hardened state (mechanical strength, elasticity, water absorption by capillarity, and steam permeability) and mostly the effects increase with the increase of its levels. When the Latex levels reached 20% in relation of cement were expressive gains in state hardened state, as increased tensile strength in diametral compression, and grip strength, decreased elastic modulus and water absorption by capillarity without compromising ease of vapor permeability. However, in the fresh state did not show application conditions due to the excessive fluidity and strong decrease in the consolidation process.

Orientador: Augusto Batagin Neto / Coorientador: Rondinelli Donizetti Herculano / Coorientador: Matheus Carlos Romeiro Miranda / Banca: Gustavo Ventorim / Banca: Danielle Goveia / Resumo: A liberação sustentada de fármacos é um tópico importante para várias aplicações em nanotecnologia devido ao seu potencial impacto na sociedade, como a criação de sistemas de carreadores otimizados. A relevância dos sistemas de liberação sustentada de princípios ativos advém do fato de que raramente um fármaco veiculado em solução aquosa, ou numa forma convencional, consegue atingir um alvo específico no organismo em concentrações adequadas para provocar o efeito terapêutico esperado. Neste contexto, o látex natural tem se mostrado um material bastante promissor, sendo já empregado em diversos sistemas de liberação. Dentre os principais benefícios deste material, pode-se destacar o baixo custo relativo e a facilidade de aplicação/utilização. Dadas estas interessantes propriedades, diversos trabalhos têm avaliado a utilização de membranas de látex em sistemas de liberação de fármacos, no intuito de desenvolver adesivos de liberação transdérmica utilizando o látex como matriz de dispersão. O presente trabalho avaliou um novo sistema fármaco/membrana baseado em ibuprofeno e o mesmo foi caracterizado por meio de diferentes métodos físicos e químicos. Os resultados obtidos apontam o sistema estudado como um possível precursor de um novo adesivo a base de látex natural. Observou-se a ausência de ligações intermoleculares que dificultariam a liberação do fármaco. Uma pequena perda da capacidade de deformação e elasticidade do látex foi observada após a incorporação do fármaco, a qua... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Sustained drug release is an important topic for many applications in nanotechnology because of its potential impact on society, such as the creation of optimized carrier systems. Sustained release systems of active principles come from the fact that rarely does a drug delivered in aqueous solution, or in a conventional form, achieve a specific target in the body at concentrations adequate to elicit the expected therapeutic effect. In this context, natural latex has shown to be a very promising material and has already been used in several release systems. Among the main benefits of this material is the low relative cost and ease of use. Given these interesting properties, several studies have evaluated the use of latex membranes in drug delivery systems, in order to develop transdermal release adhesives using the latex as a dispersion matrix. The present work evaluated a new drug / membrane system based on ibuprofen and the same was characterized by different physical and chemical methods. The obtained results point out the evaluated system as a possible precursor of a new adhesive based on natural latex. It was observed the absence of intermolecular bonds that would hinder the release of the drug. A slight loss of the deformability and elasticity of the latex was observed after incorporation of the drug, which does not prevent its application as an adhesive. Finally, the promising drug release patterns and low degree of hemolysis define the studied system as a promising bio... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre