Global ETD Search

31	Three essays on monetary policy, the financial market, and economic growth in the U.S. and China Yang, Juan 15 May 2009 (has links) Does monetary policy affect the real economy? If so, what is the transmission mechanism or channel through which these effects occur? These two questions are among the most important and controversial in macroeconomics. This dissertation presents some new empirical evidence that addresses each question for the U.S. and Chinese economies. Literature on monetary transmission suggests that the monetary policy can take effect on the real economy through several ways. The most noteworthy one is credit channels, including the bank lending channel and the interest channel. First, I use a new method to test for structural breaks in the U.S. monetary policy history and present some new empirical evidence to support an operative bank lending channel in the transmission mechanism of monetary policy. Results show that an operative bank lending channel existed in 1955 to 1968, and its impact on the economy has become much smaller since 1981, but it still has a significant buffering effect on output by attenuating the effect of the interest channel. Second, I adopt the recently developed time series technique to explore the puzzling negative correlation between output and stock returns in China currently, and posit that it is due to a negative link between monetary policy and stock returns when monetary policy increases output. The monetary policy has not been transmitted well in the public sector which is the principal part of Chinese stock market, and increased investment capital from monetary expansion goes to real estate sector instead of the stock market. Last, I demonstrate how monetary policy has been transmitted into the public and private sectors of China through the credit channel. The fundamental identification problem inherent in using aggregated data that leads to failure in isolating demand shock from supply shock is explicitly solved by introducing control factors. I find that the monetary policy has great impact on private sector rather than public sector through credit channel in China. These findings have important practical implications for U.S. and China’s economic development by improving the efficiency of the monetary policy because a comprehensive understanding of monetary transmission will lead to better policy design. monetary transmission bank lending channel interest channel error correction model directed graph SUP-LM test stock market real estate sector
32	The Fiscal and Economic Impact of Qualifying Industrial Zones / Die fiskalischen und ökonomischen Auswirkungen auf Al Mdanat Metri 20 December 2006 (has links) No description available. 330 Wirtschaft Economic Sciences Economic Growth Qualifying Industrial Zones Costs-Benefits Analysis International Trade Development 83 LM
33	Walras' law and the IS-LM model. A tale of progress and regress. Klausinger, Hansjörg January 2000 (has links) (PDF) This paper deals with the integration of Walras' law into Keynesian macroeconomics and the attempts at a consistent specification of period models (beginning- vs. end-of-period-equilibrium). Three examples are examined where neglect of a consistent specification led to erroneous results: (1) the identification of the IS-condition with equilibrium of the "flow market" for bonds, (2) superficial treatments of the liquidity trap, and (3) the assumptions on the stochastic structure of monetary and real shocks in determining the optimal monetary instrument. (author's abstract) / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series JEL B22, E52
34	Contact de langues et alternance codique sängö-français à Bangui / Languages contact and code switching Sängö-French in Bangui Abdoulaye, Moussa 08 January 2016 (has links) Le but de notre recherche était d’étudier les phénomènes du contact des langues en l’occurrence du sängö, langue nationale de la République Centrafricaine avec le français. L’enjeu était également de tester certaines approches théoriques sur le cas de l’alternance codique sängö-français pratiquée par les locuteurs centrafricains. Le MLF de Myers-Scotton, le modèle 4-M de Myers-Scotton et Jake, les contraintes syntaxiques de Poplack et Gumperz et l’approche interprétative de Gumperz ont été retenues dans cette étude pour l’alternance codique ; les préalables théoriques et les maximes définis par Grice ont été adoptées pour l’analyse thématique du corpus. Cette recherche se situe à la croisée de plusieurs disciplines des sciences humaines et sociales à savoir la Linguistique, la Sociolinguistique, l’Ethnolinguistique, la Pragmatique et la Sémantique. Dans un premier temps, la thèse s’est basée sur la définition des différentes approches théoriques et conceptuelles. Dans un second temps, elle s’est focalisée sur l’analyse des différents phénomènes linguistiques relatifs au contact du sängö avec le français et l’impact de ce contact sur les mots français insérés dans des énoncés sängö ou totalement intégrés au sängö. L’étude s’est ensuite orientée sur les différentes fonctions de l’alternance codique sängö-français et les différentes manifestations de l’alternance codique en l’occurrence les tours de parole.Enfin, cette recherche a également prouvé que l’alternance codique se présente aujourd’hui pour les Centrafricains comme une donne positive et une facilité de l’expression orale. / The aim of our research was to study the phenomenon of language contact of sängö, the national language of the Central African Republic with the French. The challenge was also to test some theoretical approaches to the case of code-switching sängö-french practiced by Central African speakers. The MLF of Myers-Scotton, model 4-M of Myers-Scotton and Jake, Syntactic constraints of Poplack an Gumperz, and Gumperz interpretative approach were adopted in this study on code-switching, while the theoretical prerequisite’s and maxims defined by Grice have been adopted for the thematic analysis of the corpus. This research is at the crossroads of several disciplines in the Humanities and Social Sciences, namely linguistics, sociolinguistics, ethnolinguistics, semantics and pragmatics. After having described different theoretical and conceptual approaches, this Thesis focused on the analysis of different linguistic phenomena related to sängö contact with the French and the impact of this contact on the French word inserted in sängö statements or fully integrated by sängö. The study then focused on the different functions of code-switching sängö-French and the different manifestations of code switching in the turns speak. To go deep thoughts of bilingual speakers, the corpus has also been submitted to a thematic analysis based on the interpretative approach of Gumperz. Finally, this research has also shown that code switching is seen today by Central Africans as a positive phenomenon that facilitates the enunciation. Bilinguisme Langue Matrice Langue Enchâssée Ilots en LM Ilots en LE Bilingualism Matrix Language Embedded Language ML islands EL islands
35	Neural Language Models with Explicit Coreference Decision Kunz, Jenny January 2019 (has links) Coreference is an important and frequent concept in any form of discourse, and Coreference Resolution (CR) a widely used task in Natural Language Understanding (NLU). In this thesis, we implement and explore two recent models that include the concept of coreference in Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)-based Language Models (LM). Entity and reference decisions are modeled explicitly in these models using attention mechanisms. Both models learn to save the previously observed entities in a set and to decide if the next token created by the LM is a mention of one of the entities in the set, an entity that has not been observed yet, or not an entity. After a theoretical analysis where we compare the two LMs to each other and to a state of the art Coreference Resolution system, we perform an extensive quantitative and qualitative analysis. For this purpose, we train the two models and a classical RNN-LM as the baseline model on the OntoNotes 5.0 corpus with coreference annotation. While we do not reach the baseline in the perplexity metric, we show that the models’ relative performance on entity tokens has the potential to improve when including the explicit entity modeling. We show that the most challenging point in the systems is the decision if the next token is an entity token, while the decision which entity the next token refers to performs comparatively well. Our analysis in the context of a text generation task shows that a wide-spread error source for the mention creation process is the confusion of tokens that refer to related but different entities in the real world, presumably a result of the context-based word representations in the models. Our re-implementation of the DeepMind model by Yang et al. 2016 performs notably better than the re-implementation of the EntityNLM model by Ji et al. 2017 with a perplexity of 107 compared to a perplexity of 131. Coreference Reference Entity Language Models LM Neural Networks RNN Attention Deep Learning
36	Vom kurzfristigen zum mittelfristigen Gleichgewicht in einer offenen Volkswirtschaft unter fixen und flexiblen Wechselkursen Badinger, Harald, Kubin, Ingrid January 2007 (has links) (PDF) Das makroökonomische Lehrbuch von Oliver Blanchard (2006) sowie dessen deutschsprachige Adaption durch Gerhard Illing (2006) haben sich an vielen Universitäten als Standardliteratur etabliert, die sich in der Lehre sehr gut bewährt. Bemerkenswert ist insbesondere die sorgfältige Analyse von kurz- und mittelfristigen Gleichgewichten und den entsprechenden Anpassungsprozessen, die für die geschlossene Wirtschaft im Rahmen eines kombinierten IS-LM/AS-AD Modells explizit und überzeugend dargestellt werden. Für die offene Volkswirtschaft werden entsprechende Anpassungsprozesse jedoch nur angedeutet. Da dieser Bereich von Studierenden erfahrungsgemäß als schwierig empfunden wird, versuchen wir im folgenden Artikel, diese Anpassungsprozesse explizit auszuarbeiten und so die Argumentation zu ergänzen und zu vertiefen. / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series RVK QC 300, QM 300 ; JEL F41
37	Vnější ekonomická rovnováha zemí jižního křídla eurozóny v kontextu světové ekonomické krize. / External Balance of Southern European Countries within the Context of the Global Economic Crisis. Rakouský, Tomáš January 2013 (has links) This diploma thesis focuses on changes in the external balance of Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain in the period of financial and economic crisis after 2008. The theoretical framework is based on an exact definition of external balance, ultimately as neither surplus nor deficit of a relevant balance in terms of balance of payments. Potential impacts of monetary and fiscal policies on the external balance are described there as well, using the IS-LM-BP model. The second part of the thesis, which employs this theory, is mainly based on an analysis of relevant balances of payments of the aforementioned countries, focusing on their external balance in the period before as well as during the economic crisis. The aim of the analysis is to identify the main causes of external imbalance in the Southern European countries and to find out whether these played a key role as a trigger and accelerator in their recession after 2008. Specific changes during the crisis identified in balances of payments will also be depicted in the IS-LM-BP model. Leading to the conclusion, the outcomes of a correlation analysis are used as well, looking into causal relationships between specific balance of payments variables on the one hand, and macroeconomic variables on the other. A minor part also deals with the role played in this context by the TARGET2 payment system and answers the question to which extent this system took part in the elimination of the external imbalance of the Southern European countries during the crisis.
38	Information Disorder och COVID-19 Pandemin: En komparativ fallstudie över datorspel som utbildningsverktyg mot mis-/desinformation i samhället. Berglund, Jacob, Hiller, Filip January 2021 (has links) Denna studie bygger på Research through Design (Frayling, 1993), d.v.s att undersökningen syftar till att generera ny kunskap genom analys av datorspel och design av en gestaltning. För att uppnå detta används ett annoterat portfolio och dess underliggande principer (Gaver, 2012; Bowers, 2012). Det annoterade portfoliot består av fyra utvalda datorspel och en egenutvecklad gestaltning. Detta portfolio analyseras för att definiera vilka gemensamma och icke-gemensamma designegenskaper som kan observeras. Efter detta presenteras argument för varför utvalda egenskaper kan göra pedagogiskt inriktade datorspel mer effektiva i syftet att utbilda kring-eller minska påverkan av mis-/desinformation i det specifika inlärningssammanhanget. Faran med mis-/desinformation i samhället illustreras genom kontexten av arbetet med den utvecklade gestaltningen, som bygger på COVID-19 mis-/desinformation och dess konsekvenser. Resultat uppnås efter analysering av samtliga designexempel har genomförts och data har genererats för att utveckla vår egna gestaltning baserat på denna information. / This case study is based on Research through Design (Frayling, 1993), i.e. the purpose of the study is to generate new knowledge through analysis and design of computer games. To achieve this an annotated portfolio and its underlying principles are used (Gaver, 2012; Bowers, 2012). The annotated portfolio consists of four selected computer games and one designed by the authors. This portfolio is analysed to define what design features are shared or not shared between the games. After this, arguments are presented as to why the specified features can make educational computer games more effective in the purpose of educating about or to reduce susceptibility to mis-/disinformation in the specific learning context. The danger of mis-/disinformation is illustrated through the context of the work with the designed computer game, which is based on COVID-19 mis-/disinformation and its consequences. Results are achieved after analysis of the four selected computer games has been carried out and data has been generated to enable the development of the authors own game. 4DF LM-GM MDA Research through Design COVID-19 Annotated Portfolio Information Disorder Media and Communication Technology Medieteknik
39	Rapid Prototyping Job Scheduling Optimization Wu, Yingxiang 29 November 2001 (has links) Today's commercial rapid prototyping systems (i.e., solid freeform fabrication, layered manufacturing) rely on human intervention to load and unload build jobs. Hence, jobs are processed subject to both the machine's and the operator's schedules. In particular, first-in-first-out (FIFO) queuing of such systems will result in machine idle time whenever a build job has been completed and an operator is not available to unload that build job and start up the next one. These machine idle times can significantly affect the system throughput, and, hence, the effective cost rate. This thesis addresses this problem by rearranging the job queue to minimizing the machine idle time, subject to the machine's and operator's schedules. This is achieved by employing a general branch-and-bound search method, that, for efficiency, reduces the search space by identifying contiguous sequences and avoiding reshuffling of those sequences during the branching procedure. The effectiveness of this job scheduling optimization has been demonstrated using a sequence of 30 jobs extracted from the usage log for the FDM 1600 rapid prototyping system in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Virginia Tech. / Master of Science Solid Free-form Fabrication (SFF) Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Layered Manufacturing (LM) branch and bound machine idle time
40	The Secret Writer Chaffe, Tomas January 2013 (has links) This essay reflects a particular method and way of working that I employ when undertaking artistic research. My artworks are rooted and develop from the situation I find myself in as an artist, the very context I exhibit the work within. I do this by trying to understand this position, both on the micro and macro scale. As an artist currently studying at—and subsequently exhibiting in relation to— Konstfack, I base my research with the physical manifestation of the school. An imposing building that was part of a huge headquarters and factory site for the telecommunication company, Ericsson, in south Stockholm. The title of my essay is from the translation of a unique German cipher machine, the Geheimschreiber, made known to me through enquiry into this site. Throughout the Second World War the German army used this machine to send highly encrypted military messages across Swedish telephone cables. Following one of the greatest accomplishments in the history of cryptography, a Swedish mathematician broke this German code and subsequently assisted in designing a deciphering machine on behalf of the Swedish Intelligence branch. This device, known as the App, was secretly developed and manufactured by Ericsson, possibly where I now study. In exploring the theme of secrets, this essay originates from an underpinning desire and subject of my work to reveal what is concealed or overlooked. Through researching and writing this essay I attempt to have a better understanding on the notion of secrets, in both the private and public realms. Introducing the artistic process and situation I am working from, I explore the central role that secrets play within society. In order to understand secrecy today I introduce the intertwined and associated contemporary debates of privacy, (both private and public) and transparency through such subjects as Google’s new privacy policy, mobile phone hacking, WikiLeaks and offshore banking. secrets artistic research artwork context site specific telecommunication Ericsson germany second world war Geheimschreiber cryptography apps Swedish Intelligence reveal privacy private public transparency Google privacy policy mobile phone hacking WikiLeaks offshore banking FRA FRA-law Simmel Telefonplan Midsommarkransen Tomas Chaffe Thomas Chaffe LM Ericsson apparat Vigo Lindstein Arne Beurling Professor of Mathematics Uppsala LM-staden LM-city Försvarets Radioanstalt phonehacking Sissela Bok Georg Simmel Cypherpunk Micah Sifry Wikileaks and the Age of Transparency orwellian freedom contemporary art interactive telephone Visual Arts Bildkonst

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