The aim of the diploma thesis is to evaluate various forms of living in couple in French legal system with regards to the principle of equality. The choice of France is not random considering the fact that French lawmaker has been regulating this field since late 1990's. The thesis centres on different aspects of living in couple that differ from each other and contribute to their unique identities. In addition, the thesis assesses the issue whether the French model could be a suitable inspiration to Czech lawmakers. This topical subject is influenced by sociology and therefore there must be taken into account homosexuality as a social phenomenon and evolution of its acceptance in French society. This thesis is divided into 6 chapters. The opening chapter discusses fundamental institution of family law, which is family itself, from historical and social perspectives. The second chapter focuses on long-lasting effort of French deputies and non-governmental organizations to adopt legal regulation for same-sex couples. The third chapter describes Civil Solidarity Act and cohabitation. Civil Solidarity Act, commonly known as PACS, is a form of civil union between to adults concluded in order to organise their joint life. Provisions regarding PACS were amended in 2006. Cohabitation reffers to unmarried...

This diploma thesis deals with the comparison of happiness between married people and cohabiting non-married people in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part deals with the transformation of the partner relationships in the modern society. It focuses on sociological theories which explain the changes in family behaviour. It also explains and compares marriage and cohabitation of non-married people, which is a new and relatively widespread form of living. The key topic of this thesis is the happiness of the people depending on their marital status. The research part analyses ISSP data - Family and changing gender roles from 2012 using a multiple regression analysis. It tests the hypothesis based on the conclusions of the previous research, which indicate that married people are happier than cohabiting non-married people. However, this assumption was not proved to be true. Non-married cohabitation affects the happiness of people in a same way as marriage. The positive influence is strong enough within both, the control of the influence of basic sociodemographic characteristics, such as gender, age, education, as well are within the control of the influence of health.

The thesis focuses in the theoretical part on the changes in partnership and parenthood in the last twenty years. Specifically, the work concentrates on the transformation of marriage into alternative types of conjugal life and on the decrease of fertility and its postponement into higher ages. The main holder of these changes is young generation to which is this thesis related the most. Attention is also focused on the attitudes towards this issue. Using data drawn from ISSP Family and Gender Roles survey conducted in 1994, 2002 and 2012 the author analyze how attitudes towards marriage, unmarried cohabitation and parenthood have developed in the last twenty years. In the empirical part the author also focuses on attitude's differentiation at young generation. Keywords family, marriage, unmarried cohabitation, parenthood, attitude

This thesis deals with selected institutes of legislation related to tenancy under recent Civil code No. 89/2012 Sb. With respect to a limited extend, the thesis focuses only on selected issues, such as definition of basic principles and concepts or unclear provisions. The thesis consists of 4 connected chapters, leading reader from past to present to gain historical and practical view on the matter First chapter is focused on legal history of lease of immovable since antiquity to nineties of last century. Second chapter covers basic principles and concepts of tenancy such as object of a lease (suitability of a rented space is now determined by agreement not by some official decision), parties of agreement, determination of rent (if it is not agreed in contract). This chapter also contains an explanation, why legal entity can not lease a flat for living and why a subsequent sublet is not a sublet but regular lease. Third chapter describes provisions considered unclear by professionals or laymen. These provisions contains new conception of surety, limits of making business or working in a flat without of consent of the landlord, receiving new members to the household (and of course definition of household) and sublet. This chapter also contains rules for maintaining order in a building. Provisions...

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Ce mémoire porte sur le phénomène des jeunes adultes (20-29 ans) ayant terminé les études, occupant un emploi mais continuant à vivre chez leurs parents. Les recherches sur la cohabitation des jeunes adultes avec leurs parents, qui viennent surtout d'Europe, se sont principalement intéressées aux jeunes étudiants. Elles tendent à soutenir que le contexte actuel serait caractérisé par une libéralisation des moeurs familiales et par une marge de liberté accrue des acteurs. Cela favoriserait des relations familiales plus ouvertes à la négociation et permettrait aux jeunes adultes de se construire eux-mêmes et ainsi, de disposer d'une plus grande autonomie au sein du domicile familial (Cicchelli, 2001; de Singly, 2000; Maunaye et Molgat, 2003c; Ramos, 2002). Contrairement à ces études, la nôtre se centre plus spécifiquement sur le cas des jeunes adultes qui ne sont plus étudiants, mais qui occupent plutôt un emploi, c'est-à-dire qui disposent théoriquement de moyens financiers nécessaires pour quitter le domicile familial. Le but de cette recherche qualitative est d'analyser, d'une part, comment ces jeunes adultes arrivent (ou non) à répondre aux exigences de cet impératif d'autonomie qui leur est assigné socialement, dans un rapport contraint par une certaine dépendance et l'observance de certaines normes parentales, et, d'autre part, d'étudier l'impact de cette cohabitation prolongée sur les relations intergénérationnelles. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Autonomie, Cohabitation, Jeune adulte, Relation entre générations.

In this paper, the ¡§divided government¡¨ is defined as a situation in which the president and the parliament are controlled by different parties respectively. The formation of a ¡§divided government¡¨ depends on whether the president is able to control an absolutely majority of seats in the parliament through election or not. Some literature think that a divided government is easy to lead to policy gridlock or inefficiency and even causes stalemate in the legislative and executive branches. However, many scholars feel that a divided government may lead to policy gridlock or inefficiency, but it is in agreement with the principle of checks and balances in the constitutional system and is able to meet the expectation of majority voters. The eras of the Third and Fourth Republic in France had the same political situation as today¡¦s Taiwan, i.e., deadlock legislation, impeded policy implementation, unsteady political situation, and frequent changes of premiers. During the period of the Fifth Republic, the political situation became steady gradually after France went through three times of ¡§La Cohabitation¡¨ commencing from 1986. It formed a ¡§constitutional convention¡¨ and set a good model for constitutional governments in the world. The constitutional system of Taiwan has been similar to the ¡§semi-presidential system¡¨ of France during the era of the Fifth Republic since the constitution of the Republic of China was amended in 1997.However, in the opinion of Chen Shui-bian, he thought a president is elected by the people directly, and the prime premier may be nominated by the president directly without the consent of the President of Legislative Yuan, so the constitutional system of Taiwan should be ¡§presidential system¡¨ instead of the ¡§semi-presidential system.¡¨ Therefore, after Chen Shui-bian won the presidential election in 2000, he ignored the fact that Kuomingtan held a majority seats in the parliament, which constituted a ¡§divided government¡¨, and refused to hand over the right of forming a cabinet to Kuomingtan, the majority party in the parliamen, or endow the power to a majority alliance.Consequently, the regime changed from a ¡§government for all people¡¨ led by Chen Shui-bian and Tang Fei to a ¡§minority government¡¨ controlled by Chen Shui-bian and Su Chen-chang in the past 6 years. Till now, there have been five presidents of Executive Yuan changed.Owning to the long-term conflict and stalemate between the executive and legislative branches, the politics of Taiwan is in a state of chaos, leading to today¡¦s constitutional crisis. In view of the situations mentioned above, this article investigates into the system factors contributing to the formation of ¡§divided government¡¨ in Taiwan and the political operation and political influences of individual actors from the viewpoint of historical institutionalism. Also, the in-depth researches and studies were conducted to find out the reasons why the political situation of Taiwan became unsteady and the country fell into the constitutional crisis in the past 6 years after President Chen Shui-bian held the reins of government and discuss how to solve those problems. The author also compared and analyzed the ¡§minority government¡¨ of Taiwan, the alternating mechanism of the ¡§La Cohabitation¡¨ in France, and the formation of ¡§coalition cabinet¡¨ in order to draw lessons from their experiences and establish a good interaction among the president, the cabinet and the parliament.

The problem that is studied is formulated in chapter 1. It boils down to the fact that nowadays, also in churches with 'mainly white congregations, there are different viewpoints on living together. It varies from a direct rejection to a de facto acceptance. In view of this research is done for the purpose of assessing cohabitation according to Scriptures. In chapter 2 the essence and purpose of the Christian marriage are portrayed. It becomes clear that it is God's will that sexual intercourse may only take place inside the marriage. In chapter 3 the main reasons for cohabitation are examined. It is found that if all the causes are considered in their close relationship with each other, a favourable infrastructure for living together is created and people are strongly influenced to live together. The practice of cohabitation is evaluated in chapter 4 by using 8 of the 9 social ethical norms formulated by Heyns in the light of Scriptures and applied by Steensma as normative viewpoints. It is found that cohabiting is at variance with all eight social ethical norms. It is also found that living together doesn't always result in marriage, and if it results in marriage, there is no guarantee that the marriage will succeed and will not end up in at court of divorce. In chapter 5 a summary is given of the problem identification and the results of the previous 4 chapters. Then a conclusion is made about cohabitation in the light of Scriptures, namely that it is in conflict with the will of God. In the third section guidelines are given for the purpose of pastoral guidance towards people who cohabit or plan to do so. The role of the government and topics for further studies about cohabitation are also given. / Thesis (Th.M. (Ethics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

Guaranteed cohabitation of elderly couples is a new law that gives elderly couples the right to live together in special housing. Even if only one of the spouses has an administrator’s decision to live in special housing. The aim of this study is to describe and understand how three municipalities materialize the social rights guaranteed for the elderly couples’ cohabitation. This qualitative study is based on four semi-structured interviews and official documents. Those who participated in the study work as various officials and the aim of the interviews were to find out how the officials work and offer the guaranteed cohabitation of elderly couples in their community.  The results of the study show that the officials have a good discretion when it comes to working with the guaranteed cohabitation of elderly couples. Although the guarantee cohabitation of elderly couples gives elderly couples the right to live together. There are not any rules or guidelines to how the rights should be implemented. So each municipality can decide for themselves how they want to provide elderly couples cohabitation.

The problem that is studied is formulated in chapter 1. It boils down to the fact that nowadays, also in churches with 'mainly white congregations, there are different viewpoints on living together. It varies from a direct rejection to a de facto acceptance. In view of this research is done for the purpose of assessing cohabitation according to Scriptures. In chapter 2 the essence and purpose of the Christian marriage are portrayed. It becomes clear that it is God's will that sexual intercourse may only take place inside the marriage. In chapter 3 the main reasons for cohabitation are examined. It is found that if all the causes are considered in their close relationship with each other, a favourable infrastructure for living together is created and people are strongly influenced to live together. The practice of cohabitation is evaluated in chapter 4 by using 8 of the 9 social ethical norms formulated by Heyns in the light of Scriptures and applied by Steensma as normative viewpoints. It is found that cohabiting is at variance with all eight social ethical norms. It is also found that living together doesn't always result in marriage, and if it results in marriage, there is no guarantee that the marriage will succeed and will not end up in at court of divorce. In chapter 5 a summary is given of the problem identification and the results of the previous 4 chapters. Then a conclusion is made about cohabitation in the light of Scriptures, namely that it is in conflict with the will of God. In the third section guidelines are given for the purpose of pastoral guidance towards people who cohabit or plan to do so. The role of the government and topics for further studies about cohabitation are also given. / Thesis (Th.M. (Ethics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.