The diploma thesis explores the relation between the processes of segregation and integration through the study of everyday cohabitation and social interaction that takes place in areas of concentrated Russian immigrants in Prague. Given that some locations of Prague have a long experience with the immigration of Russians, this thesis is reflective of the historical development of the Russian immigration to the First Republic, which in some way to helps to understand and explain the processes taking place presently on the unequal social and legal status of Russians, as immigrants from third countries, perceived through migration and integration policies of the Czech Republic. Analysis of the media's discourse shows the negative impact on Russian immigrants in social interactions with the majority, subsequently reducing integration and deepening social inequality. At the beginning, locations with a significant concentration of Russian immigrants are identified and defined by the quantitative research. Next, the daily interaction among Russian immigrants and the Czech majority is examined in selected locations by the qualitative research. The conclusions discuss how research of everyday cohabitation and social interaction contributed to the understanding of the processes of segregation and the...

The objective of the thesis is to analyse the evolution of non-marital fertility from 2000 to 2015 and evolution of unmarried cohabitations with children in the Czech republic. The analysis is based on results of Census 2001 and 2011. Another task is focused on comparison of demographic characteristics of women, who gave birth outside the marriage and women, who were married in time of birth. The research on unmarried cohabitations with children is also related to marital cohabitations with children. The comparative method was used for this part of analysis. The description of historical evolution and the evolution within analysed period detect some factors, which affect non-marital fertility and the increasing number of unmarried cohabitations. The results of the analysis support the idea of diminishing family size and postponement of maternity. The fact, that non-marital fertility and unmarried cohabitation with a child is more typical for less educated women, has been proven.

This study focused on the emotional abuse suffered by victims, who were professional women, within a marriage or a cohabitating relationship. Researcher made use of various sources to obtain data concerning the phenomenon of emotional abuse and its context within domestic violence. Several components of various theoretical perspectives were utilised to design an explanatory model, the Interactional model of the process of victimisation by an emotionally abusive partner, to direct the research and to interpret the data. Researcher made use of non-probability sampling strategy. All respondents were selected by means of the snowball and purposive sampling methods. The sample consisted of 11 professional women who came from professions that belong to a governing body, such as medical doctors, dentists, psychologists, attorneys, teachers and a veterinarian. The sample consisted of women of various age groups who were in abusive relationships for periods ranging from five to 27 years, therefore providing a wide range within the research sample. Researcher did case analyses of the different backgrounds of both the victims and their abusers, made possible from information obtained from the respondents during in-depth interviews. This was done in order to reach a holistic understanding of the dynamics within these relationships and the victimisation process throughout the duration of these relationships. Against this background, researcher was better able to analyse and interpret the data obtained from the respondents, with the use of the Interactional model of the process of victimisation by an emotionally abusive partner, and various other authors. A rich and insightful understanding of the phenomenon of emotional abuse within the lives of these professional women was reached. The research concludes with a number of recommendations for the healing process of the victims of emotional abuse and recommendations for further research. Researcher also makes several conclusions based on findings from the interviews conducted with respondents in this study. / Dissertation (MA (Criminology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Social Work and Criminology / Unrestricted

This master thesis is focused on the present state of the family issues in the Czech Republic. Except the explanation of the basic terminology, it also indicates some of the areas with the family in the first place and its legal regulations and sociology investigation. It observes the actual trends in the behaviour of couples in the connection with the common life and starting family. The acquired demographic and sociological findings, valid generally for the Czech Republic, are analysed and compared with the statistical dates of the lower territory self-governing units. It also checks the rate of the regional differences above these regions (mainly at the level of districts), especially in the area of the marriage behaviour, parenthood and amount of the separating marriages. It confronts these data with the age structure of the founding family members. At the end of the graduation thesis is established whether the results of the sociological investigation and studies are consistent with the realized conclusions from the statistic data and if there exist the significant regional dissimilarities in the Czech Republic in statistic indicators which characterize the "family" behaviour of population.

The thesis elaborates on the previously described and generally accepted relationship between marital status and mortality. Into this relationship, it is trying to include cohabitations, which responds to the latest developments in the structure of households in the Czech Republic. The thesis aims to include cohabitations within the context of this proven relationship and to determine at what level is the mortality of cohabitants compared to married couples or people without a partner. The question is whether it is possible to include cohabitations and marriages on the same level or whether each of these groups keeps its specifics, which is also transmitted to mortality. Life tables according to marital status and dependency analysis of time series were used to address this issue. The research of the nature of cohabitation in the Czech society is also an essential part of the thesis and helps to further illustrate the findings obtained by these methods. Hypotheses that are solved using these methods are based on the assumption that cohabitants are the part of the category of single people as well and if they show lower mortality rates than people without a partner, then their increasing representation accelerates growth in life expectancy compared to married couples, and eventually it accelerates a decline in mortality. The results tend to show that the mortality of cohabitants is higher than that of people without a partner, but lower compared to married couples. However, it is necessary to face the lack of data and work on the design of better indicators. It means that this thesis opens up the area especially for Czech society and presents perspectives that research of this issue offers.

Le droit français et le droit libyen reposent sur des principes foncièrement différents. Le premier, fondé sur la laïcité, prône l'égalité homme-femme. Le second, de tradition religieuse n'est pas favorable à ce principe, la prédominance masculine en est le trait caractéristique. Cette distinction se voit tout au long de notre étude. Dans une première partie nous traitons les différentes formes de couples que connaissent les deux systèmes ainsi que les effets de nature aussi bien personnelle que patrimoniale qui en résultent. Cela comprend notamment l'exercice de l'autorité parentale et la contribution aux frais de ménage. Dans la seconde partie, il est question de la dissolution du couple et des conséquences qu'elle produit, personnelles comme patrimoniales. Malgré les différences entre les deux systèmes, on observe des difficultés de part et d'autre relatives à l'existence et à la dissolution du couple. Le système français est très attaché aux principes de liberté, égalité ; le système libyen est d'avantage protectionniste. D'une manière générale, les unions conjugales sont toujours le reflet d'une culture et des évolutions dans une société. / The author deals with different forms of marital unions in French and Libyan law. The main questions treated in the thesis are the consequences of marital life and its dissolution.

Sex and relations has an important role in society. Students have the right to sex education. Studies have shown that Swedish sex education is inadequate. It is important to strengthen youth’s ability to conscious and responsible choices regarding sexuality and relationships. To raise a student perspective on how the education can be improved. The study was conducted using qualitative, semi-structured interviews. Six students were interviewed, and the data was later analyzed through a content analysis. The result showed that students are satisfied with the biological aspects of sex education. However, the students lacked a psychological perspective. Few students had received sex education in other subjects than biology. Students want more time for sex education, and that the education has a greater depth. They believe that young adults need to learn more about consent, sexuality, relationships and how to talk about sex. Students want to study the subject from a broader perspective. Students also want to have a greater influence over the education they are given. Teachers have an important role to play in counteracting the fact that sex is a taboo area, and they need to talk more with students about these topics.

Bakgrund: Kvalitén i dagens sex- och samlevnadsundervisning har brister ochforskning visar att elever i allt större utsträckning hämtar kunskap och informationkring ämnet ifrån internet där pornografi dominerar. Det syns en ökad ohälsa kringelevens sexualitet varför kunskap om undervisningens betydelse ochförbättringsområden är av intresse. Regeringen har beslutat att införa examensmåli begreppen sexualitet, könsidentitet och relationer på lärarutbildningen som en deli kvalitetsarbetet. I skolsköterskans profession ingår förebyggande ochhälsofrämjande arbete med elevens sexuella hälsa och forskning visar attskolsköterskan i allt större utsträckning har fått ett ökat ansvarsområde för skolanssex- och samlevnadsundervisning. Syfte: Beskriva skolsköterskans syn påbetydelsen av sex- och samlevnadsundervisning och hur den kan förbättras.Metod: Kvalitativ design med induktiv ansats har använts där åtta skolsköterskorintervjuades. Intervjuerna analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat:Skolsköterskorna ansåg att en kvalitetssäkrad sex- och samlevnadsundervisningsom baserades på skolans likabehandlingsplan var betydande i arbete med attfrämja sexuell hälsa oavsett sexuell läggning. De menade även att arbete medelevens autonomi kunde bidra till mindre riskfyllda beslut inför framtidarelationer. Det framkom en önskan om en normalisering av ämnet genomämnesintegrering samt att påbörja undervisningen redan i förskoleåldern. Slutligenansåg skolsköterskorna att kunskap kring pornografi behövde synliggöras iundervisningen som en del i att forma en porrkritik medvetenhet och god syn påsex. Slutsats: Skolsköterskorna önskar att ämnet sex och samlevnad får en störreplats i skolans samtliga ämnen och att ämnets innehåll förbättras som en del iarbetet med att främja sexuell hälsa hos eleven. / Background: The quality of today's sex and cohabitation education hasshortcomings and research shows that students increasingly obtain knowledge andinformation on the subject from the internet, where pornography dominates. Thereis an increase in ill health around the student's sexuality, which is why knowledgeof the importance of teaching and areas for improvement is of interest. Thegovernment has decided to introduce degree objectives in the concepts ofsexuality, gender identity and relationships in teacher education as part of thequality work. The school nurse's profession includes preventive and healthpromotingwork with the pupil's sexual health, and research shows that the schoolnurse has increasingly been given an increased area of responsibility for theschool's sex and cohabitation education. Aim: Describe the school nurse's view onthe importance of sex and cohabitation education and how it can be improved.Method: Qualitative design with an inductive approach has been used where eightschool nurses were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed with qualitativecontent analysis. Results: The school nurses considered that a quality-assured sexand cohabitation education based on the school's equal treatment plan wassignificant towards promoting sexual health regardless of sexual orientation. Theyalso believed that working with the student's autonomy could contribute to lessrisky decisions for future relationships. There was a desire for a normalization ofthe subject through subject integration and to start teaching already in preschool.Finally, the school nurses felt that knowledge about pornography needed to bemade visible in the teaching as part of shaping a porn critique's awareness andgood view of sex. Conclusion: The school nurses want the subject of sex andcohabitation to have a greater place in all the school's subjects and that the contentof the subject is improved as part of the work towards increased sexual health forthe student.

Dans le rang des nations africaines, la Mauritanie, cette « perle discrète », occupe une place bien particulière. Perçue comme un pays Arabo-Maghrébin pour les uns et un pays d’Afrique noire pour les autres, elle est un véritable carrefour des civilisations arabo-berbéro-négro-africaines et musulmanes. Elle est traversée par une division entre les Arabo-berbères (Arabes et Hratines) et les Négro-mauritaniens (Peuls, Soninkés et Wolofs), division d’ordre culturel et linguistique qui prend de façon incessante des formes conflictuelles. La Mauritanie, comme la plupart des pays africains, met en place sa nouvelle politique linguistique à la veille de son indépendance. Une dualité intense oppose ainsi la langue arabe à la langue française et plus tard une revendication pour la reconnaissance, l’enseignement et l’officialisation des langues nationales, peul, soninké et wolof, vient accentuer ce conflit linguistique.Par ailleurs, c’est dans ce bouillonnement linguistique que la Mauritanie connaitra cinq réformes éducatives et linguistiques (1959, 1967, 1973, 1979, 1999). Les politiques éducatives et linguistiques en Mauritanie, connaissant donc depuis l’indépendance, à la fois une succession de réformes qui se compliquent souvent, ont débouché sur une situation préoccupante quant-à la qualité de la cohésion sociale en Mauritanie. Ce que nous voulons démontrer, c’est en quoi cette succession d’échecs et cette situation préoccupante de cette cohésion sociale en Mauritanie, est liée à des questions linguistiques, et en quoi une autre façon de concevoir la politique linguistique dans le pays, pourrait raffermir l’unité nationale en Mauritanie et remettre ainsi les secteurs, administratif, éducatif, médiatique et juridique sur de bons rails ? / In the rank of African nations, Mauritania, this 'discreet Pearl', a special place. Perceived as an Arabo-Maghrebian for some and a black Africa for other countries, it is a crossroads of Arab-berbero-negro-African and Muslim civilizations. It is crossed by a division between the Arabo-berberes (Arabs and Hratines) and Negro-Mauritanians (Fulani, Soninke, and Wolof), division of cultural and linguistic who takes ceaseless way conflicting forms. Mauritania, like most African countries, has implemented its new language policy on the eve of its independence. An intense duality so opposed the Arabic language to the French language and later a claim for recognition, education, and the formalization of the national languages, Fulani, soninke, and wolof, adds to this linguistic conflict.Moreover, it is in this bubbling linguistics that Mauritania will know five educational and linguistic reforms (1959, 1967, 1973, 1979, 1999). Education and language policies in Mauritania, so knowing since independence, both a succession of reforms that arises often, led to a situation worrying as to the quality of the social cohesion Mauritania. We want to demonstrate how this succession of failures and this worrying situation of social cohesion in Mauritania, is linked to linguistic questions, and what another way to design the language policy in the country. could strengthen national unity in Mauritania and so put the sectors, administrative, educational, media and legal on the right track?

The research commences by explaining the relevance and importance of marriage in the post-modern world although the post-modern era is known for disregarding pre-modern norms and customs. Marriage as traditionally known in the church is no exception. Communities no longer share the church’s strict rules when it comes to relationships. Church teaching about sex seems contradictory; on the one hand it regards sex as sinful, while on the other hand it preaches that it should be saved for the person you love (Berry 2005:15). Modern society’s expectations are very different from Biblical times. Unlike Biblical times where adolescents got married between the age of fourteen and eighteen, modern day couples rarely get married before they reach their mid-twenties. The implication of this is that the youth should live in abstinence for a decade or more although they are physically mature. The question is whether it is realistic of society to expect long-term couples not to have a sexual relationship. Modern society questions the fact that traditional marriage should be seen as the only moral and lawful option where a permanent love relationship between two people may exist. Throughout history sex was usually portrayed as something wrong, shameful, even sometimes as sin. “After sexual intercourse both man and woman had to bath, and they remained unclean until evening” (Lev. 15:18). The negative view on sexual intimacy continued in the early church, where they taught that sex is meant for procreation and not for enjoyment. Sex was always treated as something that should not be talked about, especially not in church. Although most of these views have been overcome in the last few decades the church is faced with new challenges in the present milieu such as sex before marriage, cohabitation and homosexuality. According to Van Eck (2007a:81) marriage as institution in modern society is in crisis. Additionally the guidance that the church provides on this matter might be in worse crisis, particularly the Church’s silence and lack of guidance regarding cohabiting relationships and pre-marital sex. The revolution of marriage is investigated to understand its development over the last two thousand years. Biblical text is studied in search of guidelines for young adults on the matters of sexuality and marriage. A look into modern day ethics will give us an idea of the challenges the Church face on this subject. The universal importance of marriage, the diversity and complexity of social and cultural circumstances, the needs within society and the church, and the quest for Scriptural moral guidance necessitates this research. This study seeks to investigate whether modern-day non-marital sexual relationships should be accepted in the Church and to suggest guidelines for young adults on the matters of sex and marriage in order to make Christian based meaningful life choices. The purpose of this study is to find Biblical guidelines in an attempt to find a link between spirituality and sexuality. Copyright / Dissertation (MA(Theol))--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Practical Theology / unrestricted