Os acidentes de trabalho constituem-se em um grave problema de saúde pública. O Brasil já foi considerado campeão mundial em acidentes de trabalho e sua incidência ainda é muito elevada no país, acarretando profundos impactos físicos e psicológicos na vida dos trabalhadores. Em decorrência da modernização tecnológica, intensificada nas últimas décadas, o processo de trabalho no meio rural brasileiro passou por profundas transformações que afetaram as condições de trabalho e deixaram os trabalhadores mais suscetíveis à ocorrência de acidentes e a diferentes agravos à saúde. A exposição a agrotóxicos, as novas práticas de queima da cana e o manuseio de máquinas e instrumentos de trabalho em um contexto de intensificação do trabalho exemplificam esta situação. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de conhecer em que circunstâncias ocorreram os acidentes de trabalho envolvendo trabalhadores da agroindústria canavieira da região de Araraquara (SP) e suas consequências para os trabalhadores. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas etapas: na primeira, levantaram-se os acidentes ocorridos com trabalhadores rurais no período de 2010 a 2012. Nesta etapa, os dados foram levantados nos Relatórios de Atendimento ao Acidentado do Trabalho (RAAT), disponíveis no Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador (CEREST) de Araraquara, e teve por finalidade traçar um perfil dos acidentes e dos acidentados e selecionar, dentre as vítimas, as que seriam entrevistadas. Na segunda etapa, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 14 trabalhadores acidentados e com a gestora do CEREST. O cruzamento dos dados obtidos nos documentos consultados e nas entrevistas com os trabalhadores apontam para uma série de fatores que contribuem para a ocorrência dos acidentes, tais como o ritmo intenso de trabalho, as jornadas de trabalho prolongadas, os instrumentos de trabalho inadequados, a falta de equipamentos de proteção, a exposição a agrotóxicos, ao ruído, ao sol, a chuva e presença de animais peçonhentos, fatores estes que estão relacionados às condições e organização do trabalho. Além de o trabalho rural provocar danos físicos, também pode deixar marcas por meio do sofrimento psíquico, através das exigências da organização do trabalho. / Labor accidents are a serious public health problem. Brazil was once considered the worlds worst country regarding labor accidents and the countrys situation hasnt improved much since then, resulting in severe physical and psychological impacts on the laborers lives. As a result of the technological modernization which took place on the last decades, the work process in Brazils rural area has suffered deep transformations. These transformations have affected working conditions and have left laborers more exposed to accidents and dangers to their health. Exposure to agro-toxic material, the new sugar cane burning practices, and operation of machines and working tools under intense working hours are just some examples of the current situation. The purpose of this research was to understand the circumstances which lead to accidents with employees of the sugar cane agroindustry of Araraquara, a countryside municipality in São Paulo State, and the physical and psychological consequences of such occurrences. The purpose of this study was to understand the circumstances under which the accidents involving laborers of the sugar plant agribusiness in Araraquaras region occurred and the consequences these accidents inflicted upon laborers. The research was conducted through two phases. First, accidents which took place in this area between 2010 and 2012 were surveyed through the Occupational Accident Attendance Report, available on the Center of Reference on Workers Health (CEREST) in Araraquara. The purpose of this first phase was to establish the kinds of accidents occurred and their severity, and also come up with a profile of the laborers involved in these accidents in order to select 14 of them for the interviews which would be conducted during the following phase. On the second phase, the selected 14 injured workers were interviewed and also an interview was conducted with the manager of the Center of Reference on Workers Health (CEREST). Data crossing the information acquired from the Occupational Accident Attendance Reports and the insight obtained through the interviewshave indicated a series of contributing factors generating these labor accidents. Among these factors are intensification of work pace; increased labor hours; the use of inadequate working tools; lack of personal protective equipment; exposure to agro-toxic materials; exposure to solar radiation, noise and rain and the presence of venomous animals in their labor locations. All these factors are intertwined to their labor conditions and organization. Despite the physical damages caused by these accidents they also incur psychological suffering through the demands of labor organization.

The problem with which this research is concerned is that of determining the impact of the 1974 Amendments (Public Law No. 93-3 60) to the Taft Hartley Act. These amendments provided new coverage to over two million health care workers. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of this law on labor relations in the health care industry. In retrospect, the first years following the amendments have been eventful; National Labor Relations Board cases, court decisions, increased organizing activities. Boards of Inquiry recommendations, and professional associations union functions are the most significant developments. Future research will be able to present a longitudinal analyses of these activities and investigate other important areas of health care labor relations such as nursing homes and clinics.

Submitted by Fernanda Ciolfi (fernanda.ciolfi@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2016-04-07T18:23:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Heidy Joahanna Garrido Pinzon.pdf: 1919376 bytes, checksum: aaaacf762cb9a911de4a979c7a12c936 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-07T18:23:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Heidy Joahanna Garrido Pinzon.pdf: 1919376 bytes, checksum: aaaacf762cb9a911de4a979c7a12c936 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / The purpose of this research was to analyze the experiences of workers enrolled in the health systems of Colombia and Brazil, taking into account the interesting fact that these two health systems emerged from opposing guidelines. On one hand, among the countries which suffered the intense economic crisis of the 1980?s, Colombia was unified in the most rigorous and systematic model because of hegemonic sanitary controls required by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund On the other hand, in Brazil, which also experienced the economic crisis, it was possible the creation of the Unified Health System (SUS ? Portuguese acronym), as a product of demands of popular movements, managing to establish health as a right of all citizens, which was written into the Federal Constitution of 1988. Thus, the SUS was born in the midst of the economic crisis of 1980, in a neoliberal scenario, in opposition to capitalist tendencies which were characterized by the search for new markets in the health sector, a tendency completely adopted by Colombia. Given this context, the present study aimed to understand the common experiences of basic care workers in Colombia and Brazil, against the capitalist logic. Based on the Social Psychology of Work?s approach, this research is qualitative in nature and has empirical style. It was developed by analyzing reflexive interviews of two groups of workers belonging to healthcare and administrative sectors of the Basic Attention: one in Bucaramanga, Colombia and the other in Campinas, Brazil. Content Analysis was used for the analysis process, which is understood as a set of research techniques, which aims to find sense or senses manifested in more diverse forms of communication. In the course of this investigation it was revealed that, in both countries, the main experiences of the health professionals, determined by neo-liberal logic, are related to the transformations introduced in the labor conditions and relations, and also in the organization of work. In the Colombian context, we find that the main problems presented by those interviewed have their origins in the transition process introduced by those reforms which gave rise to its current health care system. Such problems are reflected, mainly, in the deterioration of relations with patients, as well as, in the detriment of the configuration of the work teams, forced to live divided by the stark contrast between different contractual relations. This condition, which eventually causes an inherent difficulty to generate cohesion within the working groups, also appears in the Brazilian context, as a result of outsourcing, which has come to constitute an effective mechanism to weaken the SUS, to facilitate its waning and to place it on a path pointing in the direction of the current Colombian health system. Finally, in the two studied stages, this panorama of job insecurity, permeated by instability, intensification of responsibilities and overworked employees, reduction in wages, among others, has generated major consequences to the life and health of the workers, which are reflected in the deterioration of their mental and physical health, in the lack of social recognition, the deterioration of ethics and morality, also in some cases, even in constraints for the construction of a life project. / A presente pesquisa visa a analisar as viv?ncias de trabalhadores dos Sistemas P?blicos de Sa?de da Col?mbia e do Brasil, tendo-se em vista que esses dois casos ganham interesse de estudo por exemplificarem sistemas de sa?de cujo surgimento se d? a partir de diretrizes opostas. Por um lado, tem-se a Col?mbia que, dentre os pa?ses latino-americanos a sofrer a intensa crise econ?mica da d?cada de 1980, foi aquele que incorporou de maneira mais rigorosa e sistem?tica os crit?rios centrais do modelo hegem?nico das reformas sanit?rias estabelecidos pelo Banco Mundial e pelo Fundo Monet?rio Internacional. Por outro, observa-se a situa??o do Brasil, que tamb?m experimentou a crise econ?mica, onde foi poss?vel a cria??o do Sistema ?nico de Sa?de (SUS), produto das exig?ncias dos movimentos populares os quais conseguiram estabelecer a sa?de como um direito de todos os cidad?os, legitimando-se na Constitui??o Federal de 1988. Toma-se em considera??o, ent?o, como nasce o SUS, num cen?rio neoliberal em meio da crise econ?mica de 1980, em oposi??o a tend?ncias imperialistas que se caracterizavam pela busca de novos mercados no setor sa?de, enquanto a Col?mbia se subjugou totalmente a elas. Levando em conta esse contexto, o estudo aqui apresentado teve como objetivo compreender as viv?ncias de trabalhadores da Aten??o B?sica dos Sistemas P?blicos de Sa?de da Col?mbia e do Brasil, frente ? l?gica capitalista. Baseada no enfoque da Psicologia Social do Trabalho, esta pesquisa ? de natureza qualitativa e de tipo emp?rico. Desenvolveu-se mediante a realiza??o de entrevistas reflexivas em profundidade, com dois grupos de trabalhadores da Aten??o B?sica de n?vel assistencial e administrativo: um em Bucaramanga, Col?mbia e, outro, em Campinas, Brasil. Para o processo de an?lise, elegeu-se utilizar a An?lise de Conte?do, a qual ? compreendida como um conjunto de t?cnicas de pesquisa cujo objetivo ? a busca do sentido ou dos sentidos manifestos nas mais diversas formas de comunica??o. O percurso desta pesquisa revelou que, em ambos os pa?ses, as principais viv?ncias dos profissionais da sa?de, determinadas pela l?gica neoliberal, est?o relacionadas com as transforma??es introduzidas nas condi??es, rela??es e organiza??o do trabalho. No contexto colombiano estudado, identificamos a origem das problem?ticas centrais apresentadas pelos entrevistados no processo de transi??o induzido pela reforma que constituiu seu atual sistema de sa?de. Essas problem?ticas se traduzem, essencialmente, na deteriora??o das rela??es com os usu?rios, bem como na configura??o das equipes de trabalho, marcadas pelo contraste entre pessoas com diferentes v?nculos empregat?cios. Esta ?ltima condi??o, empecilho para a coes?o dos grupos de trabalho, tamb?m ? observada no contexto brasileiro pesquisado, como produto da terceiriza??o, que parece ter se tornado um efetivo mecanismo para enfraquecer o SUS, facilitar seu desmonte e coloc?-lo no mesmo caminho atualmente percorrido pelo sistema de sa?de colombiano. Por fim, exp?e-se como, nos dois cen?rios estudados, tal panorama de precariedade do trabalho, permeado pela instabilidade, intensifica??o e sobrecarga laboral, pela redu??o de sal?rios, dentre outros fatores, tem ocasionado graves consequ?ncias para a vida e a sa?de dos trabalhadores, que se refletem na degrada??o de sua sa?de f?sica e mental, na falta de reconhecimento social, na deteriora??o da ?tica e da moral e nas restri??es para a constru??o de um projeto de vida.