Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:34:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MayaraLJB_DISSERT.pdf: 1993520 bytes, checksum: a4115cc58db013fd3492bae607af2afe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The direct relationship with the processing, industrial yield and price of milk, the importance of the centesimal composition of milk and their protein fractions has increased for both the dairy industry and for the producers, so it is important to identify the possible causes on variation of these components. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the seasons, order of calving and lactation phase on milk composition and protein fractions in dairy farms in the Agreste and Leste meso-regions, of Rio Grande do Norte State (RN). Milk samples were taken in seven milk farms directly from the bulk tanks except for one farm where samples were taken from higher milking cows producers and heifers. The experiment was done in seven properties with milk samples taken directly from the bulk tanks and in one property were collected from higher production cows and heifers. Composition analyses were carried out for both experiments and sensorial trial was performed for the second experiment only. The data results were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test performed for 5% significance level. In the first experiment was observed response of the seasons, dry and rainy season; while in the second, the effect of the order of calving and lactation phase had influence on milk composition and protein fractions. There was significant response (p < 0.05) for season effects but due to farms. The rainy season had higher averages in the protein, lactose, total solids and nonfat dry extract. Multiparous cows had higher CCS, NUL and PCAS milk contents; while, first calving heifers showed higher average for the sensory attribute, color of milk. The final third of lactation was responsible for the elevation of the levels of almost all milk components and their protein fractions / Mediante a crescente import?ncia da composi??o centesimal do leite e suas fra??es proteicas, para a ind?stria de latic?nios e para os produtores, em fun??o da rela??o direta com o processamento, rendimento industrial e pre?o do leite, torna-se relevante verificar poss?veis causas de varia??o desses componentes. Dessa forma, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o efeito das esta??es do ano (seca e chuvosa), da ordem de parto e da fase de lacta??o sobre a composi??o do leite e suas fra??es proteicas em propriedades nas mesorregi?es agreste e leste do Rio Grande do Norte - RN. O experimento foi realizado em sete propriedades, com coleta de leite em tanques de expans?o e em uma destas por amostragem do lote de vacas de maior produ??o e de novilhas. Foram realizadas an?lises de composi??o do leite e sensorial. Os respectivos resultados foram analisados por meio da an?lise de vari?ncia (ANOVA) com as poss?veis diferen?as entre as m?dias (p<0,05) pelo teste de Tukey. N?o houve efeito da esta??o do ano nos componentes do leite. No entanto, houve efeito de intera??o da esta??o do ano com a fazenda na prote?na, lactose, s?lidos totais e no extrato seco desengordurado. Na composi??o do leite a ordem de parto influenciou os teores de CCS, NUL e PCAS e na sensorial o atributo cor. Os est?dios de lacta??o influenciaram os teores todos os componentes do leite, com exce??o do ESD

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-03-20T15:51:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonioArildoReginaldoDeHolanda_TESE.pdf: 6742426 bytes, checksum: 9dcfcc629606ac4921000b3e2fccba4e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-03-21T14:25:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonioArildoReginaldoDeHolanda_TESE.pdf: 6742426 bytes, checksum: 9dcfcc629606ac4921000b3e2fccba4e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-21T14:25:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonioArildoReginaldoDeHolanda_TESE.pdf: 6742426 bytes, checksum: 9dcfcc629606ac4921000b3e2fccba4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-06 / Durante a gravidez e lacta??o, as mamas apresentam altera??es importantes que ainda n?o s?o totalmente compreendidas. A ultrassonografia e a resson?ncia magn?tica s?o os m?todos mais apropriados para avaliar as altera??es mam?rias durante a gravidez e lacta??o, sendo fundamental um conhecimento s?lido da anatomia e das doen?as mam?rias. Al?m disso, existem poucas publica??es sobre a imagem da mama, relacionando a anatomia e fisiologia durante o ciclo gr?vido-puerperal. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar as altera??es fisiol?gicas mam?rias mediante ultrassonografia mam?ria e Dopplerfluxometria das art?rias mam?rias internas (AMI) em gestantes e lactantes normais, comparadas com um grupo de mulheres n?o gr?vidas, avaliadas na fase folicular do ciclo menstrual. Este estudo, classificado como observacional, de corte transversal, foi realizado entre agosto de 2013 e agosto de 2016, com 165 mulheres. As vari?veis dependentes foram as medidas da pele, do tecido adiposo subcut?neo, do tecido fibroglandular, do tecido adiposo retromam?rio, o di?metro dos ductos, assim como os ?ndices de pulsatilidade (IP) e resist?ncia (IR) das art?rias mam?rias internas. As vari?veis independentes foram os diversos momentos de avalia??o, representados pelos cinco grupos estabelecidos. Para a an?lise estat?stica, foram calculadas m?dias e desvios-padr?o, sendo usados dois modelos MANOVA (An?lise de Vari?ncia Multivariada) para avaliar o efeito dos grupos sobre os valores m?dios encontrados, bem como foram ajustados modelos ANOVA univariados para os valores m?dios individualmente. O teste de compara??es m?ltiplas de Tukey-Kramer foi usado para a an?lise da diferen?a e das caracter?sticas entre os grupos. Foi considerado o n?vel de signific?ncia de 5%. Na compara??o entre os tr?s grupos de gr?vidas, observou-se que a localiza??o da mama (direita/esquerda) e o per?odo gestacional n?o tiveram efeito significativo sobre as espessuras mam?rias da pele, tecido celular subcut?neo e tecido adiposo retromam?rio, por?m a espessura do tecido fibroglandular e o di?metro dos ductos, apresentaram diferen?a significativa com o per?odo gestacional (p<0,001), do primeiro para o segundo e do primeiro para o terceiro trimestres. A Dopplerfluxometria das art?rias mam?rias internas revelou diferen?a entre as mamas e o per?odo gestacional, ou seja, o lado direito apresentou medidas superiores ao lado esquerdo e os valores foram decrescentes ao longo da gesta??o (p<0,001). Quando comparados os grupos de gr?vidas do terceiro trimestre e de lactantes, n?o foram observadas diferen?as entre si, mas apresentaram diferen?as significativas com um grupo controle, quanto ?s medidas da pele (p = 0,001), do tecido fibroglandular, di?metro dos ductos e ?ndices dopplerfluxom?tricos das AMI (os tr?s com p < 0,0001) e ao tecido adiposo subcut?neo (p = 0,045). Conclui-se que esta pesquisa contribuiu com informa??es mais espec?ficas acerca das caracter?sticas ultrassonogr?ficas das mamas e aspectos dopplerfluxom?tricos das art?rias mam?rias internas, durante a gravidez e lacta??o normais, caracterizando mediante quantifica??o de valores, as mudan?as fisiol?gicas pr?prias de cada per?odo do ciclo gr?vido-lactacional estudado, podendo servir de par?metro para estudos posteriores. / During pregnancy and lactation breasts undergo important changes that are not fully understood. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance are the most suitable methods to assess breast alterations during pregnancy and lactation, making a solid knowledge of anatomy and breast diseases essential. Moreover, there are few articles on breast imaging, relating anatomy and physiology during the pregnancy-postpartum cycle. The present study aimed to assess physiological breast changes using ultrasound and dopper flowmetry of internal mammary arteries (IMA) in normal pregnant and lactating women, compared to a group of non-pregnant women evaluated in the folicular phase of the menstrual cycle. This cross-sectional observational study was conducted between August 2013 and August 2016, with 165 women. The dependent variables were measures of skin, subcutaneous adipose tissue, fibroglandualr tissue, retromammary adipose tissue, duct diameter, as well as pulsatility (PI) and resistive indices (RI) of internal mammary arteries. The independent variables were the different assessment moments, represented by the five groups established. Statistical analysis involved calculating the means and standard deviations using two MANOVA models (Multivariate analysis of variance) to assess the group effect on the average values obtained. ANOVA univariate models were individually fit to the mean values. The Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons test was applied to analyze intergroup differences and characteristics, at a 5% significance level. In the comparison between three groups of pregnant women, it was observed that fibroglandular tissue thickness and duct diameter showed a significant difference with gestational period (p< 0.001), from the first to the second and from the first to the third trimesters. Doppler fluxometry of the internal mammary arteries showed a difference between breasts and between gestational period, i.e. the right breast exhibited higher measures than the left and these values decreased throughout the pregnancy (p< 0.001). No differences were found when the groups of pregnant and lactating women were compared, but significant differences with a control group were observed in terms of skin (p = 0.001), fibroglandular tissue thickness, duct diameter and laser Doppler flow measurements of the IMA (all three with p < 0.001) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (p = 0.045). This study provides more specific information on the ultrasound characteristics of breasts and Doppler flowmetry aspects of internal mammary arteries during normal pregnancy and lactation, quantifying the values and characterizing the physiological changes of each period of the pregnancy-lactation cycle, which may serve as parameters for future studies.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-26T19:13:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Rafaella da Rocha Olivieri de Barros.pdf: 1073198 bytes, checksum: 3c937f14e3f35d33626678d52bcc9967 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-26T19:13:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Rafaella da Rocha Olivieri de Barros.pdf: 1073198 bytes, checksum: 3c937f14e3f35d33626678d52bcc9967 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-03 / CAPES / Livestock productive process is based primarily on reproductive efficiency of the cattle breeding. An appropriate reproductive efficiency of cattle is essential to maximize the milk and meat production. Reproductive efficiency is one of the parameters to evaluate the productivity of cattle on climatic, nutritional, genetic and management conditions. Zebu breeds are applied to the climate of the tropics. The Sindhi breed, with a double ability, is one of the many zebu breeds raised in Brazil and has been studied for the milk genetic improvement. In this sense, the aim of this study was to identify the productive and reproductive averages of Sindhi breed females and evaluate if there is influence of reproductive parameters on milk production in this breed when raised in different regions of Brazil. To this end, data provided by ABCZ on the reproductive and productive performance of 638 dairy cows Sindhi breed, raised the North, Northeast, Midwest and Southeast regions of Brazil, were collected. For statistical analysis, the computer program SAS (Statistical Analysis System) (2004) were used, which initially analysis of variance (proc GLM) was performed, followed by analysis of correlation (proc CORR) among reproductive traits and between these and the milk production. Averages for age at first calving (IPP), calving age (IP), calving interval (IDP), service period (PS), reproductive efficiency (ER), milk yield (PL), lactation period (DL) and total milk production (PTL) were respectively 1549.83 ? 560.47 days; 1843.53 ? 739.99 days; 533.28 ? 206.66 days; 248.28 ? 206.66 days; 75.46 ? 19.95%; 7.08 ? 2.78 kg of milk.day-1; 263.22 ? 63.51 days and 1875.28 ? 893.36 kg of milk.lactation-1. The parameters IPP, parity order (OP), IP, IDP, ER and DL were separated into categories and there was no significant difference of milk production among different categories. Parity order showed correlation with the lactation period, showing that the lower the parity order, the lower will be the lactation period. Therefore, it can be concluded that Sindhi breed showed high values for age at first calving and median values for milk production, calving interval and reproductive efficiency when compared to the reproductive parameters Brazilian averages for zebu. / O processo produtivo da pecu?ria bovina fundamenta-se, primariamente, na efici?ncia reprodutiva dos rebanhos. Uma adequada efici?ncia reprodutiva dos bovinos ? essencial para maximizar a produ??o de leite e de carne. A efici?ncia reprodutiva ? um dos par?metros capazes de avaliar a produtividade dos rebanhos bovinos diante de fatores clim?ticos, nutricionais, gen?ticos e de manejo. Zebu?nos s?o animais adaptados ao clima dos tr?picos. O gado Sindi, de dupla aptid?o, ? uma das muitas ra?as zebu?nas criadas no Brasil e vem sendo estudada no melhoramento gen?tico para leite. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as m?dias produtivas e reprodutivas de f?meas da ra?a Sindi e avaliar se h? influ?ncia de par?metros reprodutivos sobre a produ??o leiteira de matrizes desta ra?a, criadas em diversas regi?es do Brasil. Para tanto foram coletados dados fornecidos pela ABCZ sobre o desempenho reprodutivo e produtivo de 638 matrizes da ra?a Sindi criadas nas regi?es Norte, Nordeste, Centro-oeste e Sudeste do Brasil. Para a an?lise estat?stica foi utilizado o programa computacional SAS (Statistical Analysis System) (2004), onde, inicialmente foi realizada an?lise de vari?ncia (proc GLM) seguida de an?lise de correla??o (proc CORR) entre as caracter?sticas reprodutivas e entre estas e a produ??o de leite. As m?dias para idade ao primeiro parto (IPP), idade ao parto (IP), intervalo de partos (IDP), per?odo de servi?o (PS), efici?ncia reprodutiva (ER), produ??o de leite (PL), dura??o da lacta??o (DL) e produ??o total de leite (PTL) foram respectivamente: 1549,83 ? 560,47 dias, 1843,53 ? 739,99 dias, 533,28 ? 206,66 dias, 248,28 ? 206,66 dias, 75,46 ? 19,95%, 7,08 ? 2,78 kg de leite.dia-1, 263,22 ? 63,51 dias e 1875,28 ? 893,36 kg de leite.lacta??o-1. Os par?metros IPP, ordem de parto (OP), IP, IDP, ER e DL, foram separados em classes e n?o mostraram diferen?a significativa na produ??o de leite entre as diferentes classes. A ordem de parto apresentou correla??o com a dura??o da lacta??o, mostrando que quanto menor for ? ordem de parto, menor ser? a dura??o da lacta??o. Portanto, conclui-se que a ra?a Sindi apresentou valores elevados para idade ao primeiro parto e medianos para produ??o de leite, intervalo de partos e efici?ncia reprodutiva quando comparados as m?dias brasileiras destes mesmos par?metros para zebu?nos.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-02-21T21:54:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LarissaQueirozDeLira_TESE.pdf: 2753423 bytes, checksum: 0d2922e91eba1bbfdabb194dfe775185 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-02-23T21:12:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LarissaQueirozDeLira_TESE.pdf: 2753423 bytes, checksum: 0d2922e91eba1bbfdabb194dfe775185 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-23T21:12:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LarissaQueirozDeLira_TESE.pdf: 2753423 bytes, checksum: 0d2922e91eba1bbfdabb194dfe775185 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-08 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A defici?ncia de vitamina E (DVE) est? relacionada a graves complica??es para a sa?de e o desenvolvimento de rec?m-nascidos e crian?as, produzindo efeitos subsequentes em sua vida adulta. Dentre as estrat?gias de combate a esta defici?ncia, a suplementa??o materna durante a lacta??o apresenta-se como conduta vi?vel, embora n?o haja defini??o de um protocolo ideal, principalmente devido a escassez de pesquisas em humanos. Desta forma, pela primeira vez em humanos, este estudo teve como objetivo principal analisar o efeito de dois protocolos de suplementa??o com alfa-tocoferol sobre o estado nutricional bioqu?mico materno at? 60 dias ap?s o parto. Para tanto, oitenta lactantes saud?veis foram recrutadas em duas maternidades p?blicas de Natal - RN entre 2013 e 2016. As participantes eleg?veis foram randomicamente alocadas nos grupos controle, suplementado 1 ou suplementado 2, na raz?o de 1:1:1. As informa??es diet?ticas foram coletadas no 7?, 20?, 30? e 60? dias p?s-parto. As amostras de soro e leite foram colhidas no 1? (0h), 20?, 30? e 60? dias, havendo uma coleta adicional de leite no 7? dia. Imediatamente ap?s a coleta do 1? dia, os grupos suplementado 1 e 2 receberam uma (01) dose de 400 UI de RRR-alfa-tocoferol e, ap?s a coleta do 20? dia, o grupo suplementado 2 recebeu a segunda dose da suplementa??o. Ao grupo controle n?o foi administrada suplementa??o alguma. O alfa-tocoferol foi quantificado por cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia. O consumo habitual de vitamina E e o seu fornecimento atrav?s do leite foram avaliados segundo recomenda??es espec?ficas (16 mg e 4 mg ao dia, respectivamente). Com base nos resultados, tem-se que nenhuma participante apresentou adequa??o do consumo de vitamina E ao longo da lacta??o. Esta caracter?stica foi semelhante entre os grupos (~ 5,0 mg/dia; p = 0,603), garantindo, assim, a n?o influ?ncia da dieta materna sobre os resultados das suplementa??es. Para os tr?s grupos, as concentra??es s?ricas de alfa-tocoferol correspondentes aos quatro momentos p?s-parto foram indicativas de adequado estado nutricional, n?o havendo diferen?a entre eles para o soro 0h (p > 0,05). Os valores no leite 0h tamb?m n?o foram diferentes entre os grupos (p > 0,05). Com a progress?o da lacta??o, devido ao decl?nio fisiol?gico do alfa-tocoferol no soro (p < 0,01) e no leite (p < 0,01), houve aumento do percentual de DVE materna e de inadequa??o no fornecimento de vitamina E pelo leite, nos tr?s grupos, embora com menor intensidade no grupo suplementado 2 em fun??o da dupla dose de alfa-tocoferol. Este protocolo se mostrou eficaz at? o 30? dia p?s-parto, momento no qual possibilitou aumento na vitamina E do soro (36%) e do leite (160%), em rela??o ao controle, garantindo o requerimento total de vitamina E do lactente (5,2 mg/dia). E, ao 60? dia, forneceu pelo leite somente 84% da vitamina E recomendada (3,2 mg/dia), apesar desse valor ter sido 31% superior ao do grupo n?o tratado. J? a suplementa??o de dose ?nica n?o mostrou efeito no soro materno e proporcionou incremento da vitamina E no leite somente at? o 20? dia (35%), n?o sendo capaz de manter a adequa??o do fornecimento ao lactente ao final do estudo (2,5 mg/dia). Deste modo, ambos os protocolos de suplementa??o materna apresentaram efeitos restritos sobre a vitamina E do soro e do leite, embora as duas doses de 400 UI de RRR-alfa-tocoferol tenham alcan?ado resultados mais prolongados quanto a otimiza??o do estado nutricional materno e do fornecimento de vitamina E pelo leite em detrimento da dose ?nica. / Vitamin E deficiency (VED) is associated with serious complications to the health and development of newborns and children, generating subsequent effects in their adult life. Among the strategies to combat this deficiency, maternal supplementation during lactation presents itself as a viable conduct, even though there is no definition of an ideal protocol, mainly due to a lack of human studies. Thus, for the first time in humans, this study had as main objective analyzing the effect of two maternal supplementation protocols with alpha-tocopherol on the maternal biochemical nutritional status up to 60 days postpartum. For this purpose, eighty healthy lactating women were recruited at two public maternity hospitals in Natal ? RN between 2013 and 2016. Eligible participants were randomly assigned to control, supplemented 1 or supplemented 2 groups, in a 1:1:1 ratio. Dietary information was collected on the 7th, 20th, 30th and 60th days postpartum. Serum and milk samples were collected at the 1st (0h), 20th, 30th and 60th days, with an additional milk collection on the 7th day. Immediately after the collection at day 1, the supplemented groups 1 and 2 received a (01) dose of 400 IU of RRR-alpha-tocopherol, and after the collection at day 20, the supplemented group 2 received the second supplemental dose. No supplementation was given to the control group. Alpha-tocopherol was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. The usual vitamin E intake and its supply through milk were assessed according to specific recommendations (16 mg and 4 mg daily, respectively). Based on the results, none of the participants had adequate vitamin E intake throughout lactation. This characteristic was similar between the groups (~ 5.0 mg/day, p = 0.603), thus assuring the non-influence of maternal diet on the results of the supplementation schemes. For the three groups, serum alpha-tocopherol concentrations corresponding to the four postpartum periods were indicative of adequate nutritional status, with no differences between them regarding serum 0h (p > 0.05). Values in milk 0h were also not different between the groups (p > 0.05). As lactation progressed, due to the physiological decline of alpha-tocopherol in serum (p <0.01) and breast milk (p <0.01), there was an increase in the percentage of maternal VED and inadequate supply of vitamin E through milk in all three groups. However, such increases were less intense in the supplemented group 2 as result of the double alpha-tocopherol dose. This protocol was effective until the 30th day postpartum, at which time vitamin E (36%) and milk (160%) increased, compared to control, ensuring the total vitamin E requirement of the infant (5.2 mg/day). At the 60th day, milk provided only 84% of the recommended vitamin E (3.2 mg/day), although this value was 31% higher than that of the untreated group. On the other hand, the single-dose supplementation showed no effect on maternal serum during lactation and promoted an increase in milk vitamin E only up to the 20th day (35%), not being able to maintain the adequacy of vitamin supply to the infant at the end of the study (2.5 mg/day). Thus, both maternal supplementation protocols had restricted effects on serum and milk, although the two 400 IU doses of RRR-alpha-tocopherol have achieved lasting results in optimizing maternal nutritional status and milk supply of vitamin E over single dose.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-12-15T18:11:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroEtelvinoDeGoesNeto_DISSERT.pdf: 761420 bytes, checksum: 21159a91fec1afc40804e76ee1ca9c94 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-30T17:48:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroEtelvinoDeGoesNeto_DISSERT.pdf: 761420 bytes, checksum: 21159a91fec1afc40804e76ee1ca9c94 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-30T17:48:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroEtelvinoDeGoesNeto_DISSERT.pdf: 761420 bytes, checksum: 21159a91fec1afc40804e76ee1ca9c94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da utiliza??o de cact?ceas nativas e ex?ticas ao n?vel de 50% na MS de inclus?o na dieta total, sobre o consumo de nutrientes, ingest?o de ?gua, produ??o e composi??o f?sico-qu?mica do leite, com cabras em lacta??o. Foram utilizadas 5 cabras Saanen plur?paras (50?4 kg) alocadas em quadrado latino de acordo com cact?ceas fornecidas nas dietas, constando de cinco per?odos de 17 dias, sendo 10 dias de adapta??o e 7 para coleta de dados, cinco tratamentos com as seguintes cact?ceas: xiquexique, mandacaru, facheiro, palma mi?da e palma orelha de elefante mexicana. O consumo de mat?ria seca variou de 1.967,58 a 2.602,46 (g/dia) entre as cact?ceas e teve uma m?dia de 2.251,84 (g/dia). Observou-se que o consumo de mat?ria seca CMS (g/kg0,75) variou de 102,75 ? 136,78 entre as cact?ceas estudadas. O consumo de mat?ria seca (%PV) variou de 3,84 ? 5,11 com m?dia de 4,47. A produ??o de leite em (g/dia) variou de 1.692,60 a 2.090,40. O consumo de ?gua oferecida variou entre 4.549g (xiquexique) a 8.749 (palma mi?da). As cabras alimentadas com palma mi?da apresentaram-se com as maiores produ??es de leite (g/dia) com valores m?dio de 2.091. N?o houve diferen?a na composi??o f?sico-qu?mica do leite estando os teores de gordura, prote?na bruta, lactose e s?lidos totais a cima do m?nimo permitido pela legisla??o para leite de cabra no Brasil. A utiliza??o de cact?ceas ao n?vel de 50% MS na inclus?o da dieta total proporcionou consumo de nutrientes suficientes para atender as exig?ncias dos animais para a produ??o de leite sem alterar a sua composi??o f?sico-qu?mica. / The objective of this research was to evaluate the production of dairy goats fed different species of cactus. Pluriparous five Saanen goats were used, with nine weeks of lactation, and average live weight of 50 kg ? 4 kg. The animals were distributed in latin square design (5x5) with 5 diets and 5 periods. No differences (P>0,05) were observed in the DM of the experimental diets by getting average values of 2.251,84 g dia-1 , 4,46 %PV e 118,91g kg0,75 . The DM contents of the diets were 50,55 to 55,92% by presenting a maximum variation of 10% between them. A significant difference (P<0,05) water consumption way tendered, between diets with different cactus species. The treatments cactus ?Orelha de Elefante Mexicana? and Facheiro had lower water consumption compared to cactus ?Palma Mi?da. For milk yield no significant difference (P> 0,05) between diets formulated with cactus species, with an average of 1,90 kg/day treatments. The analysis of variance show a significant difference (P<0,05) among treatments for milk corrected to 4% fat and fat production. There was an effect (P<0,05) of the diets with different cactus on the crude protein (CP) and lactose in milk. All treatments with different cactus species can be used for dairy goats in view consumption have afforded sufficient to meet the nutritional requirements for milk nutrients, besides presenting the higher than levels of physical and chemical composition to minimum levels established by current legislation

Submitted by PPG Pediatria e Sa?de da Crian?a (pediatria-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-25T14:26:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mestrado Vers?o Final Homologa??o Fernanda Salcher.pdf: 1235390 bytes, checksum: afff1b0b8bb828f139197eb845e2dfef (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-11T17:52:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Mestrado Vers?o Final Homologa??o Fernanda Salcher.pdf: 1235390 bytes, checksum: afff1b0b8bb828f139197eb845e2dfef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-11T17:55:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mestrado Vers?o Final Homologa??o Fernanda Salcher.pdf: 1235390 bytes, checksum: afff1b0b8bb828f139197eb845e2dfef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / INTRODUCTION: Colostrum therapy, also called oral immunological therapy, is the administration of colostrum via the oropharyngeal route to preterm infants and can be started within the first six hours of life. Small doses of colostrum are administered to the oral mucosa and upper respiratory tract of the infant, which may exert a protective effect on the mucosal membrane. In addition, immunoglobulin A, colostrum cytokines, antioxidant agents and all anti-infective agents may interact with lymphoid cells within the oropharynx, stimulating the infant's immune function. Recently, studies have reported the importance of colostrum administered by the oropharyngeal route, especially for extremely low birth weight preterm infants, with nutritional and immune defense effects already demonstrated. The more premature the baby, the more it will benefit from early exposure to colostrum. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the success rate after implantation of a colostrum administration protocol in low birth weight preterm infants at the Hospital Sa?de, in Caxias do Sul, RS. METHODOLOGY: The study took place between March and July 2017, after the ethical approval of the project. The participants were 41 mother / baby pairs whose mothers, after signing the free and informed consent, made attempts to exhaust the breast to provide colostrum to their children. Preterm infants between 24 and 32 weeks of age who had an indication of colostrum therapy prescribed by the physician were included, and attempts were made to exhaust the breast before six hours of the newborn's life. Two data collection instruments created by the researcher were used, one with information about mothers and newborns and the other for the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit nursing team to respond. After the observation of the attempt to obtain the colostrum, the questions of the collection instrument were considered, as if the puerpera managed to exhaust 0.2 mL of colostrum or not, or if the breast was exhausted before six hours. Through the charts of each baby, the data on administration were collected. It was observed if there was a decrease in oxygen saturation and / or an increase in respiratory and cardiac frequencies at the time of administration of colostrum. The success of colostrum therapy was considered to be the administration of at least one dose of colostrum within the first 72 hours of life, and the success rate was reported as a percentage of the cases that were successful among all included. RESULTS: Among the 41 premature infants included in the protocol, 19 (46.3%) received at least one dose of colostrum within the first 72 hours of life and 22 (53.7%) did not receive colostrum. There was an association between being able to deplete the breast earlier and the baby to be able to receive colostrum, regardless of when it was received. All 22 cases of colostrum failure were due to failure to obtain colostrum within 72 hours postpartum. There was no association between whether or not colostrum could be collected and maternal age or gestational age. There were no adverse events, such as alterations in the respiratory and cardiac frequencies or decrease in oxygen saturation, in the 19 infants who received oropharyngeal colostrum. Regarding the perception of the professional care team about colostrum therapy, more than half reported being partially knowledgeable about the practice and only one felt totally knowledgeable. However, most of the care team (83.4%) reported being satisfied, very satisfied or totally satisfied with the implementation of the colostrum protocol. CONCLUSIONS: In general, this study demonstrated difficulties in the implantation of the protocol of colostrum therapy to premature infants at Hospital Sa?de in Caxias do Sul. The obstacles to the success of a protocol of colostrum therapy were revealed, which mainly resided in the fact that the puerperae had difficulty in exhausting the breast in the first few days after preterm birth, and as a consequence, most newborns were unable to receive maternal colostrum within the first three days of life. In successful cases, the mother's satisfaction with the fact that the child received her colostrum was rewarding. There was a insufficient deepening in the training of the professional care team. These results brought important data that can be used in the execution of a new protocol, in the same unit as well as in other units with the same characteristics. Additional studies should be performed to reveal ways to achieve better success in the application of colostrum therapy protocol, supplanting the difficulties of early breast exhaustion, and can thus benefit from the administration of oropharyngeal colostrum to premature infants. / INTRODU??O: A colostroterapia, tamb?m chamada de terapia imunol?gica oral, ? a administra??o do colostro por via orofar?ngea para rec?m-nascidos prematuros e pode ser iniciada nas primeiras seis horas de vida. S?o administradas pequenas doses de colostro na mucosa oral e trato respirat?rio superior do rec?m-nascido, o que poder? exercer efeito protetor sobre a membrana da mucosa. Al?m disso a imunoglobulina A, as citocinas colostrais, os agentes antioxidantes e todos os agentes anti-infecciosos podem interagir com c?lulas linfoides dentro da orofaringe, estimulando a fun??o imunol?gica do beb?. Recentemente estudos relatam a import?ncia do colostro administrado pela via orofar?ngea, principalmente para o prematuro de extremo baixo peso, com efeitos nutricionais e de defesa imunol?gica j? demonstrados. Quanto mais prematuro o beb?, mais ele se beneficiar? da exposi??o precoce ao colostro. OBJETIVO: Estimar o ?ndice de sucesso ap?s a implanta??o de um protocolo de administra??o de colostro em rec?m-nascidos prematuros de baixo peso, no Hospital Sa?de, em Caxias do Sul/RS. METODOLOGIA: O estudo ocorreu entre mar?o e julho de 2017, ap?s a aprova??o ?tica do projeto. Os participantes foram 41 pares m?e/beb? cujas m?es, ap?s assinatura do consentimento livre e esclarecido, fizeram tentativas de esgotar a mama para prover colostro aos seus filhos. Foram inclu?dos prematuros entre 24 e 32 semanas que tinham indica??o de colostroterapia, prescrita pelo m?dico, sendo iniciadas as tentativas de esgota da mama antes das seis horas de vida do rec?m-nascido. Utilizaram-se dois instrumentos de coleta de dados criados pela pesquisadora, um com informa??es sobre as m?es e sobre os rec?m-nascidos e o outro para a equipe de enfermagem da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal responder. Ap?s a observa??o da tentativa de se esgotar ou n?o o colostro, foram contempladas as quest?es do instrumento de coleta, como se a pu?rpera conseguiu esgotar 0,2 mL de leite ou n?o, ou se conseguiu esgotar a mama antes das seis horas. Atrav?s do prontu?rio de cada beb?, foram coletados os dados sobre a administra??o. Observou-se se houve queda de satura??o de oxig?nio e/ou aumento das frequ?ncias respirat?ria e card?aca na hora da administra??o da colostroterapia. Considerou-se como sucesso da colostroterapia a administra??o de pelo menos uma dose de colostro dentro das primeiras 72 horas de vida, sendo o ?ndice de sucesso referido como porcentagem dos casos que obtiveram sucesso entre todos os inclu?dos. RESULTADOS: Entre os 41 prematuros inclu?dos no protocolo, 19 (46,3%) receberam pelo menos uma dose de colostro dentro das primeiras 72 horas de vida e 22 (53,7%) n?o receberam a colostroterapia. Houve associa??o entre conseguir esgotar a mama mais precocemente e o beb? conseguir receber a colostroterapia, independentemente do momento em que a recebeu. Todos os 22 casos de insucesso da colostroterapia se deveram ? n?o obten??o de colostro dentro das 72 horas p?s-parto. N?o houve associa??o entre o fato de conseguir ou n?o coletar o colostro e a idade materna, ou a idade gestacional. N?o houve nenhum evento adverso, como altera??o nas frequ?ncias respirat?ria e card?aca ou diminui??o da satura??o de oxig?nio, nos 19 RN que receberam colostro por via orofar?ngea. Em rela??o ? percep??o da equipe assistencial quanto ? colostroterapia, mais da metade referiu ser conhecedor parcial da pr?tica e apenas um sentia-se totalmente conhecedor. Entretanto, a maior parte da equipe assistencial (83,4%) referiu estar satisfeita, muito satisfeita ou totalmente satisfeita com a implanta??o do protocolo da colostroterapia. CONCLUS?ES: Em geral, este estudo demonstrou dificuldades na implanta??o do protocolo de colostroterapia a prematuros no Hospital Sa?de de Caxias do Sul. Foram revelados os empecilhos para o sucesso de um protocolo de colostroterapia, os quais residiram principalmente no fato de que as pu?rperas tiveram dificuldade em esgotar a mama nos primeiros dias ap?s o parto prematuro e, como consequ?ncia, a maioria dos rec?m-nascidos n?o conseguiu receber o colostro materno dentro dos primeiros tr?s dias de vida. Nos casos de sucesso, a satisfa??o da m?e pelo fato do filho receber o seu colostro foi compensadora. Faltou maior aprofundamento no treinamento da equipe assistencial. Os resultados trouxeram dados importantes que podem ser aproveitados na execu??o de um novo protocolo, na mesma unidade, assim como em outras unidades com as mesmas caracter?sticas. Estudos adicionais devem ser realizados para revelar formas de obter melhor sucesso na aplica??o do protocolo de colostroterapia, suplantando as dificuldades da esgota precoce da mama, podendo assim auferir os benef?cios da administra??o de colostro por via orofar?ngea aos prematuros.