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An analysis of the impact of land redistribution projects in Modimolle Municipality,Limpopo ProvinceBuys, Michael January 2012 (has links)
Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2012
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The role of land reforms in the alleviation of rural poverty: a study of the Uitkyk community of the North West ProvinceAyuk, Peter Tabot 03 August 2009 (has links)
M.Comm. / This dissertation examines the role of land reforms in the alleviation of rural poverty. A three-pronged approach is adopted in the background study process. This includes a review of the South African land reform programme, a review of international experiences in land reforms, and finally, a focused study of the Uitkyk community of the North West Province. Chapter 1 lays the framework for the study and ends up with the fundamentals of the South African land reform programme. Chapter 2 examines experiences in land reforms in three other countries namely, Brazil, China and Zimbabwe. Based on the comparability of these countries to South Africa in various respects, lessons are drawn from their experiences for South Africa. Chapter 3 traces the origin and evolution of the land question among the Uitkyk community and their subsequent quest for restitution. Chapter four presents empirical evidence from a field survey, with subsequent analysis thereof. Finally, Chapter 5 summarises the lessons drawn from the Uitkyk and South African experience and the international experience. It also offers some tentative recommendations for the South African land reform programme. Two fundamental approaches to land reforms are recognised in this dissertation. These include the government-assisted approach and the market based approach. It is difficult to find any pure form of either approaches anywhere on a national scale. However, at different time periods, countries may tend to prefer one approach over the other. After the 2005 National Land Summit, there is growing , momentum for South Africa to switch from a predominantly market-based· approach to a more government-assisted programme. For a land reform programme to be effective, it must go beyond changes in access to resources to actual economic development. Such development is indicated by changes in income, employment, nutrition and education. The evidence from this dissertation suggests that within the Uitkyk community, land reforms may so far have resulted in change in access to land, but not so much in economic development. To advance the goals of land reform, South Africa will have to carefully consider the tradeoffs between two seemingly conflicting goals of land reform, namely, efficiency and equity, Both community and individual beneficiaries of land grants must also take greater responsibility in translating the change in land access to more wealth and better living conditions.
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Post-settlement support for the beneficiaries of the land redistribution for the agricultural development programmeMahlathini, Evans Phefo January 2015 (has links)
The Land Reform projects are primarily challenged by post-settlement support. They mainly rely on government grants to survive and in some instances, projects have failed due to lack of sufficient post-settlement support. There are many government and private institutions and mandated and private businesses that offer post-settlement support to LRAD beneficiaries. Their impact can only be measured against improvements in the livelihoods of beneficiaries. While land reform has been in existence in SA, the main source of support evidently seems to have been the Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme (CASP) in the form of a government grants. The existence of other sources of post-settlement support cannot be ignored, but the extents to which these support mechanisms are combined have contributed to the improvement of sustainable livelihood of the beneficiaries, as measured through livelihood assets. The main aim of this study is to explore how the LRAD beneficiaries in the Witzenberg Municipality in the Western Cape employ their livelihood strategies. It explores the types of support received by the beneficiaries and how the support has been used. To determine the progress made through the post-settlement support received by the beneficiaries in an attempt to achieve rural livelihoods strategies, the study discusses the status of the farms during the inception and also the current status. Many studies done by role players and academics in the field of land reform mainly explore the monetary benefit and ignore or pay less attention to the livelihood in five capitals. The needs confronting beneficiaries in the form of livelihood strategies are presented in the form of capital; for example, physical, natural, human, social, economic and financial capitals. This paper seeks to establish an understanding of how beneficiaries of land reform achieve their livelihood, given the constraints of post-settlement support to land reform in South Africa.
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Economic analysis and perception of integrated wildlife / livestock farming as an alternative land use option in rural areas of Mopani District in Limpopo Province, South AfricaCholo, Machuene Sharlyn January 2017 (has links)
Thesis ( M. Sc.((Agricultural Economics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2017. / Wildlife farming has become an important land use alternative, especially in most
developing countries where there is an abundance of wildlife resources. In South Africa,
integrated wildlife/livestock was mostly practiced by commercial farmers on a privately
owned land but in recent years, potential for income generation in the industry has grown.
Smallholder farmers are increasingly being assisted to explore practicing integrated
wildlife/livestock on communal land after receiving land through restitution programme.
The aim of the study was to examine costs and benefits associated with integrating
livestock with wildlife in a smallholder agricultural context. Structured questionnaires were
used to collect data from 71 respondents situated in Ba-Phalaborwa Municipality selected
using multistage random sampling technique. Cost-benefit approach and weighted
decision matrix were used for economic analysis and also to identify potential trade-offs.
Furthermore, the study used descriptive statistical analysis to identify opportunities and
challenges faced by farmers. Some of the livestock costs identified include feeds, vaccines
and labour costs. Benefits of wildlife include income from trophy hunting and selling meat
from wild animals. Cost-Benefit Ratio (CBR) as a tool of cost benefit analysis techniques,
was used in order get 0.67 in livestock farming, this shows that the project may not be
sustainable whereas that of wildlife farming was 1.13 which indicate that the project will
yield positive outcome for community involved. There are trade-offs that farmers will have
to consider when shifting towards integrated wildlife/livestock such as reduced livestock
benefits and increased wildlife benefits. Livestock diseases, stock theft and others are the
identified challenges associated with integrated wildlife/livestock. Descriptive results
indicated that 40% of livestock farmers mentioned that they are strongly affected by stock
theft and disease transmission. The identified opportunities of integrated wildlife/livestock
were business and job creation for rural households. Given the findings, the study
therefore, recommends that government and private sector should assist farmers with
training in wildlife farming so that they can be competitive in commercial wildlife farming.
Funds should be made available for setting up infrastructure suited for wildlife land uses. / Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF)
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An assessment of the role of social capital in collaborative environmental governance in tribal communities: the study of Gumbi and Zondi communities in KwaZulu Natal Province, South AfricaMusavengane, Regis January 2017 (has links)
Thesis
Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy
Geography and Environmental Studies University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies
January 2017. / Political transformations in most developing nations have been accompanied by vast land claims by indigenous communities who were forcibly detached from their traditional land during colonisation and apartheid-like dispensations. In the context of sub-Saharan African countries (including South Africa), the need for land reform has been aggravated by the great scarcity of farmland. However, most of the reclaimed land is in areas pursuing conservation activities. Now, caught between owning the land and pursuing conservation as a land use option to improve livelihood; local communities have tended to form partnerships and collaborations with external stakeholders in managing communally owned natural resources. Collaborative management is perceived as a sustainable route in governing common pool natural resources in re-claimed areas. It is in this regard, that this research aims at establishing the role to which social capital can be instrumental in promoting sustainable governance in co-managed community game reserves in Kwa-Zulu Natal.
This study follows a case study approach, with Zondi and Gumbi communities in Umvoti and uPhongolo Districts of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa respectively being used to obtain empirical evidence. Two basic criteria were taken into consideration in selecting appropriate case study areas to attain the aim of the study. Firstly, whether the area had successfully claimed the land and secondly, if there were collaborative efforts from different stakeholders in managing available common resources. To ensure equal representation, research participants were drawn from households, community leaders, conservation organisations and policy makers from the government.
This study’s methodological positionality is interpretive in nature, and its operational framework base is qualitative research. It therefore uses a number of qualitative techniques in an attempt to establish the role of social capital in governing Somkhanda (in Gumbi) and Ngome (in Zondi) Community Game Reserves. For instance, systemic-resilience thinking and socio-ecological learning
approaches were used to analyse the participatory relationship and effects in
managing community natural resources in Gumbi and Zondi communities.
It has been revealed in this study that the key to successful collaborative
environmental management projects revolves around issues of participation,
transparency, reciprocity and effective communication. These elements are
important ingredients in building strong social capital. Community social cohesion
builds trust between internal and external actors, especially in communities that
were once subjected to various forms of segregation and corrupt systems of
governance. The presence of trust in managing common pool resources ensures
effective stakeholder participation as well as involvement in decision making
processes.
Furthermore, the evidence from this study suggests that the frequent exclusion of
rural populations from participation in processes with a direct influence on their
lives, undermines efforts to pursue Community-Based Ecotourism. More
profoundly, the study found that, as an analytical tool, social capital seems to
provide a dynamic and holistic explanatory approach to the pursuance of
Community-Based Ecotourism in land-claimed communities, compared with the
dominant evaluative techniques in the tourism field. Another important practical
implication is that social capital can be used to promote the analysis of communities
as heterogeneous and evolving, as opposed to the assumptions of their
homogeneity and static state. There is a strong possibility that social capital can also
address power-relations, social exclusion and inequality, through consideration of
both structural and cognitive indicators.
The findings from this study make several contributions to the body of knowledge.
Firstly, they provide a better understanding of social capital variables influencing
community participation in conservation activities. This is of use when designing or
developing future Collaborative Community-Based Natural Resources Management
(CCBNRM) projects. Secondly, from a broader perspective, the study advises policy
makers not to ignore related community policies which might impact community
participation in CCBNRMs. This is essential in considering the direction of future
conservation and rural development policy. Thirdly, they provide a framework for
empowering local people and their communities to enhance participation in
CCBNRM. In view of this, a binding conclusion can be made that social capital can be
a vehicle through which the accumulation of different forms of capital can be
achieved and contribute towards sustainable environmental management. / MT2017
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Intervention strategy for improving livelihoods of restituted farm beneficiaries in Waterberg District of Limpopo Province, South AfricaTjale, Malose Moses 17 May 2019 (has links)
PhDRDV / Institute for Rural Development / Land reform programmes have been implemented to address challenges of inequality in land
ownership and poverty in many countries worldwide. They provide the poor people with
important livelihood opportunities, such as livestock rearing, crop production and game farming
in many rural areas. The government of South Africa, through the Department of Rural
Development and Land Reform (DRDLR) allocated various farms through the restitution
programme to deal with unemployment, poverty, unsustainable livelihoods, shortage of skills
and inequality challenges. This study focused on the restituted farm beneficiaries in Waterberg
District. This was informed by the fact that since these farms were restituted, the majority of the
farm beneficiary’s livelihoods have not significantly changed.
A transformative sequential mixed method design was applied in this study in order to enable
beneficiaries define their own issues and seek solutions. This involved concurrent collection of
both quantitative and qualitative data; a stratified random sampling method was used to select
474 respondents. Qualitative data was collected using Interview guides, photo-voice and focus
group discussions mainly from key informants- traditional leaders and the Ward Councillors.
Two focus group discussion were held with the key informants and an observation was also
used to collect qualitative data from the farmers. The data were analysed using ATLAS. ti
version 7.5.7 and Thematic Content Analysis. The quantitative data was collected using a
survey questionnaire and the Geographical Information System (GIS) approach to provide
trends of the farm production. Remote sensing analysis was used to determine farm production
performance of these restituted farms while the Statistical Package for the Social Science
(SPSS version 25) was used for computing descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation.
The data indicated that farm production has declined since occupation of farms by the farm
beneficiaries from 1995 to 2015. The decline has negatively affected the livelihoods of farm
beneficiaries since more than half (61.6 %) indicated difficulties in effective operation of the farm
due to lack of markets. About 64% of the farm beneficiaries have not been trained in farming.
From 1995 to 2015, most of the restituted farms have lacked markets for their produce due to
poor production arising from lack of funds to manage the farms. This has impeded beneficiaries
from receiving any benefits, in terms of income or employment. Generally, the study concluded
that there were no changes in the socio-economic status of the farm beneficiaries in the
Waterberg District because most of the farms are not being utilised. The study recommends that
the sector Department and private organizations should work together in ways, such as
assisting the farm beneficiaries with capacity building, developing marketing strategy for the
farm produce, with funds and infrastructure to improve production.
With respect to farm performance satisfaction, the majority (77.2 %) of the farm beneficiaries
were not satisfied with the restituted farms. Their benefits in terms of human development,
financial, social and physical capitals had not changed as the majority (83.3 %) said there are
no improvements in terms of salaries or wages. They claim that their livelihoods have remained
the same because the farms are not operational due to lack of basic farming skills and conflicts.
Agricultural Extension Advisors, Councillors, Traditional leaders and officials from DRDLR
confirmed that production levels have declined because the land was transferred to people with
no basic training in farming; most (54 %) of the respondents confirmed that the beneficiaries,
therefore utilise only a portion of the farms. It is imperative, thus, to ensure that production on
the restituted farms is enhanced to improve the areas, such as social, financial, human and
physical capital.
A three-pronged intervention strategy was, therefore, developed to help restituted farm
beneficiaries in Waterberg District to improve their livelihoods, emancipate themselves from
poverty and ultimately contribute to the National Development Plan of South Africa. The
developed strategy is anchored on three key factors: the need for thorough assessment by the
government on the farm beneficiary’s level of commitment to the farm prior to farm allocation
and funding, need to incorporate new experts in agricultural economics and agricultural
engineers into the restituted farms personnel and the need to decentralize the services of
mentors and agricultural extension advisors at District and local Municipalities. / NRF
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The role of non-governmental organisations in land reform and post-settlement support in the Albany district of the Eastern Cape : a case study of MasifundeNkosi, Nolwazi Nontombi Maria January 2015 (has links)
The purpose of this study is to explore the role of NGOs in land reform and post-settlement support in the Albany district of the Eastern Cape using a qualitative case study of Masifunde. To discover this role, civil society, land beneficiaries, Department of Agriculture and Department of Rural Development and Land Reform were proved to have interwoven relationships. The interactions and relationships between these entities underpinned their perceptions of each other. This study is set against the backdrop of a weakening land reform program due to frequent policy changes. Evidence presented showed how out of sync land reform is with its original mandate whilst civil society organisations have remained firmly rooted by theirs. The inability to have twin perspectives on this matter diverges the direction civil society and institutions involved in land reform take on. This separation in direction demonstrates the need for engagement between government and civil society in an attempt to assist in areas government is unable to reach or address. This thesis contends that there is definitely a role that NGOs do play and need to take on when it is evident that relevant actors are unable to deliver. Themes emerging from interviews necessitate civil society and government departments to combine their resources so as to maximise the impact for desired outcomes. These are views of both civil society and government, demonstrating that NGOs indeed do play a role in land reform and post-settlement support and need to continuously do so in an attempt to cushion the blows of uneven implementation of land reform policies.
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An assessment of post settlement support programme for restitution beneficiaries: experiences from Capricorn District, South AfricaKekana, Ephenia Mosadi 01 October 2013 (has links)
Institute for Rural Development / MRDV
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Examination of socio-economic benefits of land restitution in the Makuleke community of Limpopo ProvinceMkhombo, Vusiwana Veronica 11 February 2016 (has links)
Institute for Rural Development / MRDV
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Case studies of the changing interpretations of land restitution legislation in South AfricaBelling, Frank Edward Albert 29 February 2008 (has links)
This study briefly discusses land restitution in several countries in Europe and the Americas, the history of land deprivation in South Africa, and the legislation introduced to remedy the inequality of land ownership.
Differing interpretations of the legislation in respect of the valuation of land to be purchased by the state for restitution purposes and the valuation formulae recommended at various times by the state and its advisors are discussed. Some of the problems encountered in the implementation of the South African restitution program, including the highly emotional expropriation/confiscation issues, are mentioned.
Three case studies based on these differing interpretations are given. The case studies illustrate the evolution of the interpretations of the legislation concerning land restitution valuations in South Africa. / School: Management sciences / M. Tech. (Real Estate)
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