国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを利用している。

This essay studies the immigrant’s probability to participate in social assistance compared to natives and if there any assimilation effect. A linear probability model is used to get the result. The result show that immigrant have a higher likelihood of participating in social assistance compared to natives. The result shows that the probability differs between regions of birth and between refugees and non-refugees, with a higher probability for immigrants from the Middle east and refugees. Previous Swedish studies have not added language skill in Swedish to their models but in this essay, language skill in Swedish variable is included, it shows that the probability reduces if the immigrants know Swedish. There is no assimilation effect on immigrants as a group but there is evidence of assimilation when immigrant gets divided into regions, education level and refugees.

This paper analyzes the immigrant´s probability to participate in social assistance programs compared to natives in Finland and if there are any cohort and assimilation effects. For estimation, we used the linear probability model to find out the result. The results show that in general there is no assimilation effect on immigrants but there is a sign of assimilation when variables such as regions, education level and refugee are added to the model. The result shows that immigrants have a higher possibility of the participation rate in social assistance compared to natives and the probability differs between refugees and non-refugees and country of origin. The result shows a higher probability for immigrants from the Middle east. In this paper language skill (Finnish variable) is included and it shows that the possibility reduces if the immigrants have a higher capacity of Finnish language.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur mellanstadieelever kommunicerar med varandra när de spelar datorspel tillsammans för att synliggöra hur spel kan påverka elevers muntliga kommunikativa språkfärdigheter i engelska. Forskning tyder på att datorspel kan förbättra elevers ordförråd i engelska genom att de kommunicerar och samarbetar med andra personer. Studien grundar sig i Vygotskijs sociokulturella perspektiv där språket är ett redskap för att lära sig nya saker. För att besvara studiens syfte har en mellanstadieklass observerats när de har spelat ett datorspel i par. Eleverna har observerats och spelats in. Resultatet visar att eleverna mest kommunicerade med sin kamrat de spelade tillsammans med. När eleverna pratade med varandra angående ord i spelet översattes de inte till svenska. Istället försökte eleverna förklara för varandra vad ordet betydde och hur det skulle användas. När eleverna sa ett engelskt ord i ett svenskt sammanhang böjdes ordet med en svensk ändelse. Eleverna visade att de hade förståelse för hur orden skulle användas och i vilket sammanhang ordet kan användas. / The purpose of this study is to examine how middle school pupils communicate between them when they are playing computer games to visible how games can affect pupil’s oral communication language skill in English. Scientists believe that computer games can improve pupil’s vocabulary through communication and collaboration with other people. This study is using Vygotskij’s sociocultural perspective, that the language is a tool to learn new things. To answer this study’s purpose a class of middle school pupils has been observed while playing a computer game in pair. The result show that the pupils communicated a lot with their partner. When they talked about an English word they did not translate it. Instead they talked about its meaning and how it was supposed to be used. When they bent an English word in a Swedish sentence they used Swedish grammar and suffix. The pupils showed that they had language skill to use the English words that occurred in their dialogues.

This report addresses the lack of progress in the field of Second Language Attrition (L2A). Review of L2A history and literature show this to be cause by lack of appropriate data. Five criteria for appropriate data are suggested and a corpus of L2A data (57,000 words, spoken Spanish) which meets the criteria is presented. The history of the corpus is explained in detail, including subject selection, instruments and methods of collection, and markup -- XML was used to annotate the corpus with nineteen categories of speech errors, adapted from Nation's (2001) "Learning Vocabulary in Another Language." An example analysis of how the corpus can be used for L2A research is provided with step-by-step instructions on writing scripts for data extraction and post-processing in the Perl language. Source code is included in the text. Complete beginners tutorials on the XML and Perl languages are included in the appendices. The report also introduces a website, developed specifically to host the corpus, where researchers may register, download the corpus and share work they have done with the corpus. All files used in the example project, as well as this report, are available for download at the website. Findings from the example analysis support Plateau Phases, the Regression Hypothesis and suggest the Threshold Hypothesis does not apply to marked forms. This shows the corpus to be of great value to the L2A research community.