• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 9
  • 4
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 21
  • 21
  • 21
  • 8
  • 8
  • 6
  • 6
  • 6
  • 6
  • 5
  • 5
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Physiologic investigations of cartilage fatigue failure and a laser technique for inducing collagen crosslinking for wear resistance

Sise, C.V. January 2024 (has links)
Osteoarthritis is a debilitating joint disease characterized by the degradation of articular cartilage due to long term wear or acute injury. OA can lead to pain, limited mobility, and stiffness in the joint, and current treatment options often require invasive surgery or are limited to corrective attempts at mitigating pain. Due in part to the complexity of the disease and lack of holistic understanding of its advancement, there is no known treatment to halt or reverse the effects of OA progression in the joint. In order to address this need, the underlying mechanisms that drive the mechanical degradation of cartilage structure in its progression must be determined. The objective of this dissertation is to (1) investigate the mechanical breakdown of cartilage through fatigue failure in physiologically relevant models and (2) to introduce a minimally invasive method for increasing the mechanical integrity of cartilage in an effort to reverse the effects of OA. In order to classify the mechanical mediation of wear in OA disease pathology, wear progression in human articular cartilage must be fully characterized. Human articular cartilage exhibits a remarkable resilience to wear during frictional sliding, making it difficult to induce damage in the tissue in experimental models. Previous work established reciprocal compressive stresses, and not frictional stresses, as the primary initiator of delamination fatigue wear in immature bovine cartilage. In Chapter 2, we tested the hypothesis that reciprocal compressive stresses could induce fatigue wear in human articular cartilage and thus establish a reproducible and characterizable model of wear induction in human tissue. Human articular cartilage was subjected to 24 hours of frictional sliding in two contact configurations: stationary contact area (SCA), and migrating contact area (MCA). Five samples were tested in the SCA configuration, which induces frictional stresses, and five were tested in the MCA configuration, which induces reciprocal compressive stresses and frictional stresses. The SCA samples showed no conclusive damage after 24 hours of sliding, and recovered 99.3% ± 2.34% of their original thickness after testing. Three out of five MCA samples showed conclusive signs of damage, one in the form of tissue splitting, one in the form of blister formation, and one in the form of complete tissue tearing. The average friction coefficient in the SCA group (μ_SCA= 0.090 ± 0.008) was higher than the average friction coefficient in the MCA group (μ_MCA= 0.066±0.020; p=0.03). Although conducted as two separate studies, the results in Chapter 2 provide a preliminary data set to suggest that reciprocal compressive stresses are responsible for fatigue failure in human tissue, coherent with the results in the immature bovine model. Additionally, results of Chapter 2 establish a reproducible and physiologically relevant protocol for damage induction in human tissue. Future work will investigate this hypothesis with directly paired SCA and MCA human articular cartilage tissue samples of similar OA grade. To further understand cartilage damage mechanics in physiologically relevant conditions, Chapter 3 and 4 investigate the role of synovial fluid in fatigue failure of immature bovine cartilage. Synovial fluid is often incorrectly identified as the source of low friction in cartilage sliding. In fact, it has an effect on the friction coefficient that is far secondary to interstitial fluid load support. Further, reciprocal compressive stresses, not frictional stresses, have been shown to be responsible for fatigue failure. It is imperative to understand the function of synovial fluid in wear mechanics. We tested the hypothesis that synovial fluid reduces the rate of fatigue failure in immature bovine articular cartilage due to the protective effects of its molecular constituents. Eight paired medial and lateral tibial plateaus were tested in MCA sliding in phosphate buffer saline (n=8) or synovial fluid (n=8) to directly compare fatigue rate in synovial fluid versus phosphate buffer saline. An additional study evaluated the effect of molecular constituents on wear rate by testing medial and lateral tibial plateaus in 50% (n=8) and 25% (n=8) synovial fluid diluted with phosphate buffer saline. All eight samples tested in phosphate buffer saline damaged after 24 hours of reciprocal sliding, and none of the samples tested in pure synovial fluid became damaged over the same duration. After an additional two days of sliding, two of eight samples tested in pure synovial fluid got damaged. In the samples tested in 50% and 25% synovial fluid-phosphate buffer saline dilutions, one sample and five samples got damaged after 72 hours of sliding respectively. The results of this study confirmed the hypothesis that synovial provides a protective effect against fatigue failure. The study also suggests that dilution of the synovial below a critical value reduces the concentration of molecular constituents available to protect the cartilage against damage. Chapter 4 investigates the mechanism of synovial fluid’s protective effect further, by examining its potential to extend the duration of elevated fluid load support under compression and thereby reduce cartilage susceptibility to fatigue. The results of Chapter 4 illustrated that synovial fluid had no effect on the stress relaxation response of the cartilage to unconfined compression, disproving the presented hypothesis. Therefore, future work will investigate the function of synovial fluid in reducing the rate of fatigue, independent of its effect on friction. The final two studies of this dissertation present a novel treatment modality to induce collagen crosslinks that enhance the cartilage equilibrium modulus. The technique introduced is presented as a minimally invasive alternative to current surgical interventions and proposes to increase the integrity of early-OA tissue. In Chapter 5, we investigate the hypothesis that low-level femtosecond laser treatment of cartilage can increase the stiffness of the equilibrium modulus without damaging tissue integrity or cell viability. In the first experiment, six immature bovine cartilage samples were treated with the laser and the equilibrium modulus was found to increase in stiffness (p<10⁻³). The technique was also applied to human articular cartilage tissue with “low” and “high” OA, and tissue was found to have an increase in equilibrium modulus (p=0.003 and p=0.03, respectively). Cell viability was preserved under these treatment conditions. Chapter 6 further outlines a safe envelope of laser treatment parameters through evaluation of the effect of thermal heating on the equilibrium modulus of cartilage samples. The results of this study found that temperatures above 65 ℃ (p<10⁻³) increase the tissue modulus, but no change in modulus occurs below 65 ℃ (p=1.00). The results of Chapter 6 provide an insight to the mechanical effect of thermal exposure, and informed the laser treatment parameters presented in Chapter 5, which were confirmed to produce thermal heating far below temperatures that result in thermal stiffening. Through the results presented in Chapter 5 and 6, preliminary data is provided to introduce a novel method for crosslink induction in the superficial zone of articular cartilage. In future work, this technique can be applied as a potential strategy to increase fatigue wear resistance, and to reduce the progression of OA in diseased tissue. The work presented in this dissertation seeks to contribute to the understanding of fatigue wear in articular cartilage under physiologically relevant conditions, as well as introduce a method for enhancing cartilage tissue properties with laser treatment. In the first half of the dissertation, the effect of reciprocal compressive stresses was evaluated in human articular cartilage tissue and in immature bovine cartilage immersed in synovial fluid in an effort to understand the mechanism of delamination fatigue failure in OA progression. In the second half, a laser treatment modality was shown to increase tissue equilibrium modulus stiffness without compromising tissue viability.
12

Tratamento transureteroscópico do cálculo ureteral com HOLMIUM: YAG laser / Transureteroscopic treatment of ureteral stones with the Holmium:YAG laser

Sauer, Herbert 13 April 2004 (has links)
Objetivo: O Holmium:YAG laser é o método de litotripsia intracorpórea para cálculos urinários mais recentemente introduzido em nosso meio. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a eficácia e as complicações imediatas do tratamento de pacientes com cálculos ureterais com essa fonte de energia. Casuística e Métodos: Foram tratados 16 pacientes, nove homens e sete mulheres, portadores de cálculos ureterais sintomáticos, maiores ou iguais a 6 mm, ou com evolução superior a 30 dias. A média de idade foi 42 anos (6- 68 anos). Quatro cálculos estavam localizados no ureter superior, seis no ureter médio e seis no ureter inferior. A técnica empregada foi a de vaporização do cálculo com Holmium:YAG laser, através de ureteroscopia. Utilizou-se exclusivamente ureteroscópio semi-rígido de 7 Fr. Resultados: A taxa de sucesso obtida foi de 87,5%, sem diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação ao relatado na literatura. Todos os cálculos foram fragmentados. Os dois insucessos da série ocorreram com cálculos localizados em ureter superior, em que fragmentos foram deslocados para o rim. As complicações observadas foram três perfurações ureterais e dois casos de febre. Conclusão: O Holmium:YAG laser é eficaz no tratamento endoscópico do cálculo ureteral. Medidas destinadas a prevenir a migração retrógrada do cálculo ou de seus fragmentos devem ser tomadas, principalmente no tratamento dos cálculos localizados em ureter superior. A litotripsia com Holmium:YAG laser não é, entretanto, um método isento de complicações, particularmente no que se refere ao tratamento de cálculos impactados de ureter superior. / Objetive: Holmium:YAG laser is the more recently method of intracorporeal lithotripsy of urinary calculi introduced in our area. The purpose of this study is to analyze the technique and to evaluate the immediate results and complications in the treatment of patients with ureteral calculi. Casuistry and Methods: Sixteen patients were treated, nine men and seven women, carrying symptomatic ureteral stones, bigger than 6 mm or with evolution superior to 30 days. The average age was 42 years old (6-88 years old). Four stones were localized in upper ureter, six in middle ureter, and six in lower ureter. The technique employed was the vaporization of the stone with Holmium:YAG laser, through ureteroscopy. It was used exclusively 7-Fr semirigid ureteroscope. Results: The rate of success attained was of 87.5%, with no statistically significant differences regarding the reports in literature. All the stones were fragmented. The two failures of the series occurred with stones localized in upper ureter, in which fragments were displaced to kidney. The complications observed were three ureteral perforations and two fever cases. Conclusion: Holmium:YAG laser is effective in the endoscopic treatment of ureteral stones. Measures aimed at preventing retrograde migration of stones or fragments should be taken, mainly when the stone are located in the upper ureter. However, lithotripsy with Holmium:YAG laser may be associated with complications, particularly in what concerns the treatment of impacted stones.
13

Avaliação morfologica e bioquimica do disco articular da ATM de ratos submetidos a terapia com laser de baixa potencia : estudo experimental em animais portadores de disfuncão temporomandibular / Mophologic and biochemical evaluation from articular disk of rat's TMJ submitted to low power laser therapy : experimental studies in bearer animals of tempromandibular joint disfunction

Guerra, Flavia Da Ré, 1984- 13 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Evanisi Teresa Palomari / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biololgia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T18:19:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guerra_FlaviaDaRe_M.pdf: 13476510 bytes, checksum: 41684c5bae381807e8d6aada80e83eee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Desordens decorrentes de danos ou doencas relacionadas a ATM afetam o aparelho mastigador como um todo e sao caracterizadas como desordens temporomandibulares (DTM). Sabe-se que cerca de sete por cento da populacao mundial requer tratamento para as DTM. Tecidos cartilaginosos, como os que constituem o disco articular da ATM, possuem uma capacidade limitada de regeneracao, e ainda nao existem tecnicas e metodos fidedignos que estimulem o crescimento de um novo tecido, capaz de auxiliar o tratamento de traumas e doencas degenerativas. O tratamento com laser de baixa potencia e uma das terapias utilizadas e, por isto, torna-se imprescindivel o conhecimento de suas acoes sob o ponto de vista celular e tecidual. Para tal, foram utilizados 24 ratos Lewis machos divididos em quatro grupos: GC, grupo controle; grupo GD, animais em que foi administrada a toxina botulinica; grupo GL, animais que receberam o tratamento com o laser de baixa potencia; grupo GDL, animais em que foi administrada a toxina botulinica e em seguida, submetidos a terapia com o laser de baixa potencia. Foi realizada analise morfologica por meio de cortes histologicos corados por HE, AT e picrosirius e; analise bioquimica por meio de eletroforese em gel SDS-poliacrilamida e dosagem de proteinas. Com base nos resultados morfologicos e bioquimicos, conclui-se que o modelo de DTM proposto mostrou-se satisfatorio para estudos desta doenca. Por outro lado, a terapia com o laser deve submeter seus protocolos clinicos a uma reavaliacao, visto que a mesma apresentou resultados controversos do ponto de vista tecidual por ter promovido a sintese de alguns componentes da matriz extracelular e a desestruturacao de outros essenciais ao bom funcionamento da articulacao envolvida. / Abstract: Disorders resulting from injury or disease related to TMJ affect the masticatory apparatus as a whole and are characterized as temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD). It is known that about seven percent of world population requires treatment for the TMJD. Cartilaginous tissues, such as those that constitute the articular disc of the ATM, have a limited capacity for regeneration, and yet there are no reliable techniques and methods that encourage the growth of a new tissue, capable of assisting the treatment of trauma and degenerative diseases. Treatment with low power laser is one of the therapies used and, therefore, it is essential knowledge of their actions in terms of cellular and tissue. To this end, we used 24 male Lewis rats divided into four groups: GC control group GD animals in that group was given the botulinum toxin; GL group animals that received treatment with low-power laser; GDL animals in that group was given the botulinum toxin and then submitted to the low power laser therapy. Morphological analysis was performed by means of histological sections and stained by HE, and AT and picrosirius; biochemical analysis by electrophoresis in SDSpolyacrylamide gel and determination of proteins. It can be concluded based on morphological and biochemical results, the proposed model of TMD was shown satisfactory for studies of this disease, while treatment with the laser must submit their clinical protocols to a revaluation because it showed controversial results of point of tissue for promoting the synthesis of some components of the extracellular matrix and destruction of other essential for the proper functioning of the joint involved. / Mestrado / Anatomia / Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
14

Tratamento transureteroscópico do cálculo ureteral com HOLMIUM: YAG laser / Transureteroscopic treatment of ureteral stones with the Holmium:YAG laser

Herbert Sauer 13 April 2004 (has links)
Objetivo: O Holmium:YAG laser é o método de litotripsia intracorpórea para cálculos urinários mais recentemente introduzido em nosso meio. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a eficácia e as complicações imediatas do tratamento de pacientes com cálculos ureterais com essa fonte de energia. Casuística e Métodos: Foram tratados 16 pacientes, nove homens e sete mulheres, portadores de cálculos ureterais sintomáticos, maiores ou iguais a 6 mm, ou com evolução superior a 30 dias. A média de idade foi 42 anos (6- 68 anos). Quatro cálculos estavam localizados no ureter superior, seis no ureter médio e seis no ureter inferior. A técnica empregada foi a de vaporização do cálculo com Holmium:YAG laser, através de ureteroscopia. Utilizou-se exclusivamente ureteroscópio semi-rígido de 7 Fr. Resultados: A taxa de sucesso obtida foi de 87,5%, sem diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação ao relatado na literatura. Todos os cálculos foram fragmentados. Os dois insucessos da série ocorreram com cálculos localizados em ureter superior, em que fragmentos foram deslocados para o rim. As complicações observadas foram três perfurações ureterais e dois casos de febre. Conclusão: O Holmium:YAG laser é eficaz no tratamento endoscópico do cálculo ureteral. Medidas destinadas a prevenir a migração retrógrada do cálculo ou de seus fragmentos devem ser tomadas, principalmente no tratamento dos cálculos localizados em ureter superior. A litotripsia com Holmium:YAG laser não é, entretanto, um método isento de complicações, particularmente no que se refere ao tratamento de cálculos impactados de ureter superior. / Objetive: Holmium:YAG laser is the more recently method of intracorporeal lithotripsy of urinary calculi introduced in our area. The purpose of this study is to analyze the technique and to evaluate the immediate results and complications in the treatment of patients with ureteral calculi. Casuistry and Methods: Sixteen patients were treated, nine men and seven women, carrying symptomatic ureteral stones, bigger than 6 mm or with evolution superior to 30 days. The average age was 42 years old (6-88 years old). Four stones were localized in upper ureter, six in middle ureter, and six in lower ureter. The technique employed was the vaporization of the stone with Holmium:YAG laser, through ureteroscopy. It was used exclusively 7-Fr semirigid ureteroscope. Results: The rate of success attained was of 87.5%, with no statistically significant differences regarding the reports in literature. All the stones were fragmented. The two failures of the series occurred with stones localized in upper ureter, in which fragments were displaced to kidney. The complications observed were three ureteral perforations and two fever cases. Conclusion: Holmium:YAG laser is effective in the endoscopic treatment of ureteral stones. Measures aimed at preventing retrograde migration of stones or fragments should be taken, mainly when the stone are located in the upper ureter. However, lithotripsy with Holmium:YAG laser may be associated with complications, particularly in what concerns the treatment of impacted stones.
15

Pb x laserterapia : mecanismos envolvidos na cicatrização de lesões cutâneas / PB x phototherapy : wound healing mechanisms of cutaneous lesions

Alves da Costa, Thiago, 1986- 21 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Liana Maria Cardoso Verinaud / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T05:41:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlvesdaCosta_Thiago_M.pdf: 4142749 bytes, checksum: 3a67ca785afa76fb4962f6825b00c86b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Nosso grupo tem explorado os mecanismos biológicos que fundamentam o processo inflamatório das lesões paracoccidioidomicóticas cutâneas, causadas pela inoculação de leveduras no coxim plantar esquerdo de camundongos BALB/c, quando tratadas com laser HeNe. Neste trabalho, é mostrado que camundongos tratados com laser apresentaram redução do edema da pata, maior organização histológica, menor infiltrado inflamatório, maior organização do tecido de granulação ao redor da lesão, e imunomarcação maior da iNOS. A imunomarcação da elastase não apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Além disso, a atividade da SOD e a produção de NO foram aumentadas. A expressão gênica das quimiocinas inflamatórias CCL3 e CXCL10 é menor nos animais tratados com 3 sessões de irradiação, enquanto que a expressão de CCL5 não apresentou diferenças significativas. A citometria de fluxo revelou uma maior porcentagem de macrófagos, em detrimento de menores números de neutrófilos, ao longo do tratamento. A porcentagem de células NK e NKT ligeiramente mais elevada após a sessão primeiro laser. No linfonodo poplíteo esquerdo, após uma sessão de tratamento com o laser, a porcentagem de macrófagos e neutrófilos é maior nos animais tratados, após 3 sessões de tratamento a porcentagem dessas células é igual nos 2 grupos experimentais, no entanto, a porcentagem de células dendríticas maduras é maior nos animais tratados. A quantidade de linfócitos T CD4+ é maior no linfonodo dos animais tratados com 2 sessões de irradiação, enquanto que a quantidade de T CD8+ é menor. No seu conjunto estes resultados apontam para um duplo efeito do tratamento, diminuindo a resposta inflamatória e acelerando a cicatrização das lesões. Neste sentido, o laser de HeNe pode ser considerado como uma nova estratégia de terapia a ser utilizada como uma ferramenta adjuvante aos agentes anti-fúngicos para melhorar o tratamento de lesões de paracoccidioidomicóticas (PCM) / Abstract: Our group has been exploring the biological mechanisms underlying the inflammatory process of paracoccidioidomycotic lesions treated by HeNe laser on cutaneous lesions caused by the inoculation of yeast cells into the back foot-pad of Balb/c mice. In this work we showed that laser-treated mice presented reduction of footpad edema, greater histologic organization, milder inflammatory infiltrate, higher organization of the granulation tissue around the lesion, and enhanced immunolabeling of iNOS. The immunolabeling of elastase showed no significant alterations. In addition the SOD activity and NO production were increased. Chemokines CCL3 and CXCL10 showed decreased levels in animals treated with 3 laser sessions, but no significant difference was observed in realtion to CCL5 expression. Also, a higher percentage of macrophages, in detriment of lower neutrophil numbers, were observed throughout the treatment. The percentage of NK and NKT cells were slightly higher after the first laser session. At the popliteal lymph node after one laser session the percentage of macrophages and neutrophils population were increased, after three laser sessions those percentages were similar with the non-treated group, however the mature dendritic cell population percentage was higher on the treated animals. CD4+ T Lymphocytes percentage was higher in animals treated with two laser sessions while CD8+ percentage was lower. Altogether these results point towards a dual effect of the treatment, decreasing the inflammatory response and accelerating the healing of the lesions. We believe that HeNe laser is a new non-harmful strategy that may be used as an adjuvant tool to be combined with anti-fungal agents for improving the treatment of PCM lesions / Mestrado / Imunologia / Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular
16

Eficácia de um programa de tratamento fisioterápico sobre a qualidade de vida de pacientes com fibromialgia / Efficacy of a treatment program of physiotherapy on the quality of life of patients with fibromyalgia

Matsutani, Luciana Akemi 11 March 2003 (has links)
Fibromialgia é uma síndrome de etiologia desconhecida e caracterizada pela presença de dor difusa e crônica e pelo menos 11 dos 18 tender points específicos. É fundamental encontrar alternativas eficazes de tratamento que objetivem minimizar o impacto da fibromialgia (FM) sobre a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de um tratamento fisioterapêutico composto de terapia a laser nos tender points e exercícios de alongamento muscular sobre a qualidade de vida de pacientes com FM. Participaram do estudo 28 pacientes com FM que foram divididos em três grupos: GLA (n=10) que realizou 10 sessões de terapia a laser nos tender points e exercícios de alongamento; GA (n=10) que realizou 10 sessões de alongamento muscular e; GC (n=8) que realizou uma sessão educativa. Foram utilizadas as medidas da escala analógica visual da dor (VAS), dolorimetria dos tender points, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) e SF-36. Os resultados mostraram que os grupos GLA e GA, quando comparadas as avaliações inicial e final, apresentaram diferença significante na VAS (p=0,006 e p=0,002; respectivamente); no limiar de dor dos tender points (p=0,001 e p=0,007; respectivamente); no FIQ (p=0,04 e p=0,006; respectivamente) e no SF-36 (p=0,001 e p=0,000; respectivamente). O grupo GC não apresentou diferença significante em nenhuma das medidas. Não houve diferença significante entre os grupos GLA e GA, mas houve diferença destes com o grupo GC nas medidas da VAS e do limiar de dor nos tender points. Neste estudo, conclui-se que os exercícios de alongamento são eficazes na melhora da dor, sensibilidade dolorosa dos tender points e qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Devem ser revistos alguns parâmetros da terapia a laser de baixa potência no tratamento desses pacientes, como o intervalo entre as sessões e o comprimento de onda do laser adotados. Sugere-se ainda que a abordagem educativa seja empregada como parte integrante do tratamento e que a relação fisioterapeuta-paciente deva ser valorizada, pois são aspectos importantes que podem contribuir para a melhora da qualidade de vida dos pacientes com FM. / Fibromyalgia is a syndrome of unknown etiology characterized by the presence of chronic and diffuse pain, and at least 11 of the 18 specific tender points. Its fundamental to find effective options of treatment that look for minimize the impact of fibromyalgia (FM) in the patients quality of life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a physical therapy treatment compounded of laser therapy in the tender points and stretching exercises, in quality of life of patients with FM. Twenty-eight patients with FM participated of this study were divided in three groups: GLA (n=10) performed 10 sessions of laser therapy in the tender points and stretching exercises; GA (n=10) performed 10 sessions of stretching exercises and; GC (n=8) performed a single session of an educational approach. Measures of visual analogue scale of pain (VAS), dolorimetry of the tender points, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) and SF-36 were assessed. The results showed, comparing initial and final assessments, the groups GLA and GA presented significant differences of VAS (p=0.006 and p=0.002; respectively); pain threshold of tender points (p=0.001 and p=0.007; respectively); FIQ (p=0.04 and p=0.006; respectively) and SF-36 (p=0.001 and p=0.000; respectively). There was no significant difference in any of the measures in the GC group. No significant groups GLA and GA differences were found, but compared with the controls (GC) the measures of VAS and pain threshold were significant different. In conclusion, in this study the stretching exercises were effective in the improvement to pain, tenderness threshold of the tender points and quality of life of patients with FM. Some parameters should be reviewed about low-power laser therapy in the treatment of patients with FM, as treatment intervals and laser wavelength. This study suggests that an educational approach could be employed as an integrant part of the treatment, and the relationship between physical therapist and patient plays an essential role in the treatment, since they are important aspects that contribute to the improvement in quality of life of patients with FM.
17

Avaliação dos aspectos morfológicos dos olhos normais e dos olhos com fechamento angular primário antes e após a realização da iridotomia: comparação através da gonioscopia, biometria e biomicroscopia ultra-sônica / Ultrasonographic biomicroscopy, conventional ultrasonography, and gonioscopy exams in normal and primary angle closure eyes before and after laser iridotomy

Sakata, Lisandro Massanori 28 October 2005 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: O glaucoma de ângulo fechado é reconhecido como uma das principais causas de cegueira mundial. A iridotomia representa o tratamento de eleição nos casos com fechamento angular primário, entretanto, este procedimento pode não ser suficiente para proporcionar abertura do ângulo irido-corneano, controle da pressão intra-ocular (PIO) e estabilização do processo da lesão glaucomatosa. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a morfologia do segmento anterior do olho em uma amostra de pacientes brasileiros, e realizar uma comparação entre olhos normais (sem sinais de fechamento angular prévio) e olhos com ângulos oclusíveis, antes e após a realização da iridotomia. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo prospectivo observacional tipo caso-controle em pacientes da Clínica Oftalmológica do HC - FMUSP, onde 40 olhos com ângulos oclusíveis (grupo caso) e 27 olhos normais (grupo controle) foram examinados durante o período de agosto de 2003 a dezembro de 2004. Os pacientes do grupo controle foram pareados por idade, sexo e raça. Os exames de gonioscopia e biometria ultra-sônica foram utilizados para comparar os 27 olhos normais com os 40 olhos com ângulos oclusíveis, antes e após a realização da iridotomia. A biometria ultra-sônica mediu o comprimento axial do olho (CAX), a profundidade da câmara anterior (PCA) e o diâmetro ântero-posterior do cristalino (DAPC). Os 27 olhos do grupo controle foram comparados, através da biomicroscopia ultra-sônica, antes e após a iridotomia com os 31 olhos do grupo caso, que não apresentavam goniosinéquias no quadrante inferior. As imagens da UBM foram obtidas em cortes radiais sobre típicos processos ciliares, no claro e no escuro. A distância da abertura angular a 500?m do esporão escleral (DAA500), profundidade da câmara anterior (PCA-UBM), distância do trabeculado aos processos ciliares (DTPC), espessura da íris a 500?m do esporão escleral (EI500) e distância do esporão escleral à inserção da íris (linha X) foram medidas nas imagens da UBM obtidas às 6 horas. As freqüências de processos ciliares longos sem sulco ciliar e fechamento angular aposicional no escuro também foram determinadas nessas imagens. RESULTADOS: Os parâmetros morfológicos dos 27 olhos do grupo controle apresentaram diferenças significativas quando comparados com os 40 olhos do grupo caso. Os olhos normais apresentaram ângulo irido-corneano mais aberto, menor DAPC e maiores CAX e PCA. Nas imagens da UBM os 27 olhos normais apresentaram maior DAA500, PCA-UBM, linha X, e também, maior DTPC que os 31 olhos com ângulos oclusíveis (651 ± 119 ?m e 508 ± 116 ?m; p < 0.001); porém, a EI500 não apresentou diferença significativa entre os dois grupos. Após a realização da iridotomia foi observado uma abertura significativa do seio camerular, e uma diminuição da freqüência de fechamento angular aposicional nas imagens da UBM obtidas no escuro (28/31 para 16/31). Processos ciliares longos sem sulco ciliar foram observados em 61% (19/31) dos olhos do grupo caso após a iridotomia e em 33% (9/27) dos olhos do grupo controle. CONCLUSÃO: A presença de processos ciliares longos sem sulco ciliar foi um achado comum não somente nos olhos com ângulos oclusíveis como também nos olhos normais. No entanto, nos olhos do grupo caso, os processos ciliares estavam localizados, em média, numa posição mais anterior. Após a iridotomia, mais da metade dos olhos com ângulos oclusíveis continuaram apresentando fechamento angular aposicional na UBM. Os valores preditivos da presença de fechamento angular aposicional (associada ou não a processos ciliares longos sem sulco ciliar) na detecção de pacientes sob risco de apresentarem episódios de fechamento angular precisam ser avaliados em estudos futuros / Introduction: Angle closure glaucoma is emerging as one of the leading cause of worldwide blindness. Laser iridotomy (LI) has been proposed as first line therapy for patients with angle closure, however this procedure may not be effective opening the irido-corneal angle, controlling intra-ocular pressure (IOP) and halting glaucoma progression in all cases. Our study aimed to evaluate anterior segment morphology on a cohort of Brazilian patients comparing normal eyes (no signs of angle closure) to angle closure eyes before and after LI. Methods: In this prospective observational case control study, performed from August of 2003 to December of 2004, we evaluated 40 angle closure eyes and 27 normal control eyes with no signs of angle closure at clinical exam, paired by age, race and gender. We used gonioscopy and A-scan biometry to compare anterior segment morphology of 27 normal control eyes to 40 angle closure eyes of patients from our service, before and after LI. We also used ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) exam, to compare 27 normal control eyes to 31 of 40 angle closure eyes with no goniosynachiae at the inferior quadrant evaluated by gonioscopy, before and after LI. Immersion 50-MHz high-frequency ultrasound transducer was used to obtain UBM images in radial scans through a typical ciliary process, in both standard light and dark conditions. A-scan biometry measured axial length (AXL), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and lens thickness (LENS). The angle opening distance at 500?m from the scleral spur (AOD500), trabecular ciliary process distance (TCPD), iris thickness at 500?m and the distance from scleral spur to iris insertion (line X) were measured at UBM images obtained at the inferior quadrant. The frequency of appositional angle closure and the presence of long ciliary process with no ciliary sulcus were also evaluated at UBM images. Results: At gonioscopy and A-scan biometry exam, 27 normal eyes had a significant wider iridocorneal angle opening, a thinner LENS and a greater AXL, ACD than angle closure eyes. At UBM exam, 27 normal control eyes had an significant wider AOD500, line X and also, a longer TCPD than angle closure eyes (651 ± 119 ?m vs. 508 ± 116 ?m; p < 0.001); however no differences were observed in iris thickness between the two groups. After LI, we observed a significant irido-corneal angle opening and the number of angle closure eyes with UBM appositional angle closure in dark condition decreased from 28/31 to 16/31. A long ciliary processes with no ciliary sulcus were observed in 61% (19/31) of angle closure eyes after LI, and also in 33% (9/27) of normal control eyes. Conclusion: A long ciliary processes and absence of ciliary sulcus were a quite common finding not only in angle closure eyes, but also in normal control eyes. However, ciliary processes were located more anteriorly in angle closure eyes. On this cohort of Brazilian patients, more than half of studied eyes submitted to LI maintained UBM appositional angle closure. Whether this apposition with or without long ciliary process and absence of ciliary sulcus detected at UBM images after LI is associated to further goniosynachiae formation and/or loss of IOP control remains to be evaluated
18

Efeitos do acetonido de triancinolona associado à panfotocoagulação na retinopatia diabética proliferativa / Effects of triamcinolone acetonide associated with panretinal photocoagulation in proliferative diabetic retinopahty

Maia Júnior, Otacílio de Oliveira 29 February 2008 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: O tratamento padrão estabelecido pelo Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) para retinopatia diabética proliferativa (RDP), com ou sem edema macular clinicamente significativo (EMCS), é a panfotocoagulação com laser. Essa forma de tratamento reduz o risco de perda visual, mas não proporciona ganho de visão. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os efeitos do acetonido de triancinolona associado à panfotocoagulação na RDP. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um ensaio clínico randomizado, prospectivo e aberto com portadores de RDP bilateral e simétrica, submetidos à panfotocoagulação com laser em ambos os olhos. Portadores de EMCS foram tratados com fotocoagulação focal na região macular no primeiro episódio da panfotocoagulação. A injeção intravítrea de acetonido de triancinolona (4 mg/0,1 ml) foi administrada aleatoriamente em um dos olhos (grupo estudo), após último episódio da laserterapia, e o contralateral foi adotado para comparação (grupo controle), sendo seguidos por 6 meses. Os parâmetros adotados para avaliar os efeitos terapêuticos foram: acuidade visual com melhor correção óptica (tabela do ETDRS), medidas de espessura central e de volume macular por meio da tomografia de coerência óptica e taxa de sangramento (hemorragia pré-retiniana ou vítrea). As potenciais complicações da droga foram avaliadas durante o seguimento (pressão intra-ocular, catarata, endoftalmite e pseudo-endoftalmite). RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 28 (vinte e oito) indivíduos com diabetes melito tipo 2. Quanto ao EMCS, 22 olhos apresentaram no grupo estudo e 23, no grupo controle (p= 0,317). A média de idade foi de 61,36 ± 5,77 anos, com predominância do sexo ferminino (57,1%). A maioria era portadora de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (82,1%) e usuária de insulina (75,0%). Não houve diferença significante nas médias de número de disparos da panfotocoagulação e da fotocoagulação na região macular entre os grupos. Quanto à acuidade visual, o grupo estudo apresentou pior acuidade antes do tratamento em relação ao grupo controle (p= 0,040), não havendo diferença significativa na primeira semana do tratamento. Durante o seguimento, o grupo estudo evoluiu com melhora na acuidade visual no primeiro (p< 0,001), no terceiro (p< 0,001) e no sexto meses (p< 0,001) em relação ao controle. Em relação às medidas de espessura central e de volume macular, os grupos não apresentaram diferença significativa antes do tratamento, no entanto, o grupo estudo apresentou medidas significativamente menores na primeira semana, no primeiro, no terceiro e no sexto meses em relação ao controle. Quanto à taxa de sangramento, 9 olhos (32,1%) do grupo controle evoluíram com sangramento e nenhum do grupo estudo (p< 0,001). Os grupos apresentaram diferença na pressão intra-ocular apenas na primeira semana do tratamento, quando as medidas do grupo estudo foram maiores que as do controle (p< 0,05). Nenhum dos olhos apresentou catarata com indicação cirúrgica, endoftalmite ou pseudo-endoftalmite. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a injeção intravítrea de triancinolona é um procedimento seguro e pode melhorar o prognóstico funcional e estrutural da mácula em olhos com RDP submetidos a panfotocoagulação com laser. / INTRODUCTION: The gold standard treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopahty (PDR) with and without clinically significant macular edema (CSME), as stablished by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS), is panretinal photocoagulation (PRP). This treatment lowers the rate of severe vision loss, but does not increase vision. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of triamcinolone acetonide associated to PRP for the management of PDR. METHOD: This is a prospective, randomized clinical trial for patients with bilateral and symmetrical PDR who had undergone PRP in both eyes. Patients who had CSME were treated with macular focal photocoagulation on the first episode of the PRP. Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (4 mg/0.1 ml) was given to the study eye after the last episode of PRP and the fellow eye was used as control. Follow up was 6 months long. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) using ETDRS charts, central macular thickness and macular volume as measured by the optical coherence tomography software, and the amount of bleeding (both preretinal and vitreous) were the parameters chosen to analyse outcome. Side effects of triamcinolone acetonide such as intraocular pressure, cataracts and severe inflammation, were also followed during the study. RESULTS: Twenty eight diabetes type 2 patients were included. Twenty two study eyes and 23 fellow eyes (controls) presented with CSME (p= 0.317). Mean age was 61.36 ± 5.77 years, with 57.1% females. Many patients had hypertension (82.1%) and used insulin (75.0%). There was no significant difference on the number of spots used for PRP or macular photocoagulation in between the groups. The study eyes had lower BCVA on baseline than the control eyes (p= 0.040). One week after the treatment, there was no difference on BCVA between the study and control eyes. During the follow up, the study group increased their BCVA on the first (p< 0.001), third (p< 0.001) and sixth month (p< 0.001) compared to control. Even thought there was no significant difference on central macular thickness and macular volume between groups on baseline, the study eyes had significant lower measurements on the first week and first, third and sixth months in comparison to controls. Nine control eyes (32.1%) had hemorrhages and none study eyes (p< 0.001). Injected eyes had higher intraocular pressure than controls on the first week of treatment (p< 0.05). None of the eyes developed cataracts that needed surgery, endophthalmits or severe inflammation. CONCLUSION: This study suggests intravitreal injection of triamcinolone is a safe procedure that increases funcional and anatomical prognosis of the macula in PDR eyes that underwent PRP.
19

Eficácia de um programa de tratamento fisioterápico sobre a qualidade de vida de pacientes com fibromialgia / Efficacy of a treatment program of physiotherapy on the quality of life of patients with fibromyalgia

Luciana Akemi Matsutani 11 March 2003 (has links)
Fibromialgia é uma síndrome de etiologia desconhecida e caracterizada pela presença de dor difusa e crônica e pelo menos 11 dos 18 tender points específicos. É fundamental encontrar alternativas eficazes de tratamento que objetivem minimizar o impacto da fibromialgia (FM) sobre a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de um tratamento fisioterapêutico composto de terapia a laser nos tender points e exercícios de alongamento muscular sobre a qualidade de vida de pacientes com FM. Participaram do estudo 28 pacientes com FM que foram divididos em três grupos: GLA (n=10) que realizou 10 sessões de terapia a laser nos tender points e exercícios de alongamento; GA (n=10) que realizou 10 sessões de alongamento muscular e; GC (n=8) que realizou uma sessão educativa. Foram utilizadas as medidas da escala analógica visual da dor (VAS), dolorimetria dos tender points, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) e SF-36. Os resultados mostraram que os grupos GLA e GA, quando comparadas as avaliações inicial e final, apresentaram diferença significante na VAS (p=0,006 e p=0,002; respectivamente); no limiar de dor dos tender points (p=0,001 e p=0,007; respectivamente); no FIQ (p=0,04 e p=0,006; respectivamente) e no SF-36 (p=0,001 e p=0,000; respectivamente). O grupo GC não apresentou diferença significante em nenhuma das medidas. Não houve diferença significante entre os grupos GLA e GA, mas houve diferença destes com o grupo GC nas medidas da VAS e do limiar de dor nos tender points. Neste estudo, conclui-se que os exercícios de alongamento são eficazes na melhora da dor, sensibilidade dolorosa dos tender points e qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Devem ser revistos alguns parâmetros da terapia a laser de baixa potência no tratamento desses pacientes, como o intervalo entre as sessões e o comprimento de onda do laser adotados. Sugere-se ainda que a abordagem educativa seja empregada como parte integrante do tratamento e que a relação fisioterapeuta-paciente deva ser valorizada, pois são aspectos importantes que podem contribuir para a melhora da qualidade de vida dos pacientes com FM. / Fibromyalgia is a syndrome of unknown etiology characterized by the presence of chronic and diffuse pain, and at least 11 of the 18 specific tender points. Its fundamental to find effective options of treatment that look for minimize the impact of fibromyalgia (FM) in the patients quality of life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a physical therapy treatment compounded of laser therapy in the tender points and stretching exercises, in quality of life of patients with FM. Twenty-eight patients with FM participated of this study were divided in three groups: GLA (n=10) performed 10 sessions of laser therapy in the tender points and stretching exercises; GA (n=10) performed 10 sessions of stretching exercises and; GC (n=8) performed a single session of an educational approach. Measures of visual analogue scale of pain (VAS), dolorimetry of the tender points, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) and SF-36 were assessed. The results showed, comparing initial and final assessments, the groups GLA and GA presented significant differences of VAS (p=0.006 and p=0.002; respectively); pain threshold of tender points (p=0.001 and p=0.007; respectively); FIQ (p=0.04 and p=0.006; respectively) and SF-36 (p=0.001 and p=0.000; respectively). There was no significant difference in any of the measures in the GC group. No significant groups GLA and GA differences were found, but compared with the controls (GC) the measures of VAS and pain threshold were significant different. In conclusion, in this study the stretching exercises were effective in the improvement to pain, tenderness threshold of the tender points and quality of life of patients with FM. Some parameters should be reviewed about low-power laser therapy in the treatment of patients with FM, as treatment intervals and laser wavelength. This study suggests that an educational approach could be employed as an integrant part of the treatment, and the relationship between physical therapist and patient plays an essential role in the treatment, since they are important aspects that contribute to the improvement in quality of life of patients with FM.
20

Avaliação dos aspectos morfológicos dos olhos normais e dos olhos com fechamento angular primário antes e após a realização da iridotomia: comparação através da gonioscopia, biometria e biomicroscopia ultra-sônica / Ultrasonographic biomicroscopy, conventional ultrasonography, and gonioscopy exams in normal and primary angle closure eyes before and after laser iridotomy

Lisandro Massanori Sakata 28 October 2005 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: O glaucoma de ângulo fechado é reconhecido como uma das principais causas de cegueira mundial. A iridotomia representa o tratamento de eleição nos casos com fechamento angular primário, entretanto, este procedimento pode não ser suficiente para proporcionar abertura do ângulo irido-corneano, controle da pressão intra-ocular (PIO) e estabilização do processo da lesão glaucomatosa. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a morfologia do segmento anterior do olho em uma amostra de pacientes brasileiros, e realizar uma comparação entre olhos normais (sem sinais de fechamento angular prévio) e olhos com ângulos oclusíveis, antes e após a realização da iridotomia. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo prospectivo observacional tipo caso-controle em pacientes da Clínica Oftalmológica do HC - FMUSP, onde 40 olhos com ângulos oclusíveis (grupo caso) e 27 olhos normais (grupo controle) foram examinados durante o período de agosto de 2003 a dezembro de 2004. Os pacientes do grupo controle foram pareados por idade, sexo e raça. Os exames de gonioscopia e biometria ultra-sônica foram utilizados para comparar os 27 olhos normais com os 40 olhos com ângulos oclusíveis, antes e após a realização da iridotomia. A biometria ultra-sônica mediu o comprimento axial do olho (CAX), a profundidade da câmara anterior (PCA) e o diâmetro ântero-posterior do cristalino (DAPC). Os 27 olhos do grupo controle foram comparados, através da biomicroscopia ultra-sônica, antes e após a iridotomia com os 31 olhos do grupo caso, que não apresentavam goniosinéquias no quadrante inferior. As imagens da UBM foram obtidas em cortes radiais sobre típicos processos ciliares, no claro e no escuro. A distância da abertura angular a 500?m do esporão escleral (DAA500), profundidade da câmara anterior (PCA-UBM), distância do trabeculado aos processos ciliares (DTPC), espessura da íris a 500?m do esporão escleral (EI500) e distância do esporão escleral à inserção da íris (linha X) foram medidas nas imagens da UBM obtidas às 6 horas. As freqüências de processos ciliares longos sem sulco ciliar e fechamento angular aposicional no escuro também foram determinadas nessas imagens. RESULTADOS: Os parâmetros morfológicos dos 27 olhos do grupo controle apresentaram diferenças significativas quando comparados com os 40 olhos do grupo caso. Os olhos normais apresentaram ângulo irido-corneano mais aberto, menor DAPC e maiores CAX e PCA. Nas imagens da UBM os 27 olhos normais apresentaram maior DAA500, PCA-UBM, linha X, e também, maior DTPC que os 31 olhos com ângulos oclusíveis (651 ± 119 ?m e 508 ± 116 ?m; p < 0.001); porém, a EI500 não apresentou diferença significativa entre os dois grupos. Após a realização da iridotomia foi observado uma abertura significativa do seio camerular, e uma diminuição da freqüência de fechamento angular aposicional nas imagens da UBM obtidas no escuro (28/31 para 16/31). Processos ciliares longos sem sulco ciliar foram observados em 61% (19/31) dos olhos do grupo caso após a iridotomia e em 33% (9/27) dos olhos do grupo controle. CONCLUSÃO: A presença de processos ciliares longos sem sulco ciliar foi um achado comum não somente nos olhos com ângulos oclusíveis como também nos olhos normais. No entanto, nos olhos do grupo caso, os processos ciliares estavam localizados, em média, numa posição mais anterior. Após a iridotomia, mais da metade dos olhos com ângulos oclusíveis continuaram apresentando fechamento angular aposicional na UBM. Os valores preditivos da presença de fechamento angular aposicional (associada ou não a processos ciliares longos sem sulco ciliar) na detecção de pacientes sob risco de apresentarem episódios de fechamento angular precisam ser avaliados em estudos futuros / Introduction: Angle closure glaucoma is emerging as one of the leading cause of worldwide blindness. Laser iridotomy (LI) has been proposed as first line therapy for patients with angle closure, however this procedure may not be effective opening the irido-corneal angle, controlling intra-ocular pressure (IOP) and halting glaucoma progression in all cases. Our study aimed to evaluate anterior segment morphology on a cohort of Brazilian patients comparing normal eyes (no signs of angle closure) to angle closure eyes before and after LI. Methods: In this prospective observational case control study, performed from August of 2003 to December of 2004, we evaluated 40 angle closure eyes and 27 normal control eyes with no signs of angle closure at clinical exam, paired by age, race and gender. We used gonioscopy and A-scan biometry to compare anterior segment morphology of 27 normal control eyes to 40 angle closure eyes of patients from our service, before and after LI. We also used ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) exam, to compare 27 normal control eyes to 31 of 40 angle closure eyes with no goniosynachiae at the inferior quadrant evaluated by gonioscopy, before and after LI. Immersion 50-MHz high-frequency ultrasound transducer was used to obtain UBM images in radial scans through a typical ciliary process, in both standard light and dark conditions. A-scan biometry measured axial length (AXL), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and lens thickness (LENS). The angle opening distance at 500?m from the scleral spur (AOD500), trabecular ciliary process distance (TCPD), iris thickness at 500?m and the distance from scleral spur to iris insertion (line X) were measured at UBM images obtained at the inferior quadrant. The frequency of appositional angle closure and the presence of long ciliary process with no ciliary sulcus were also evaluated at UBM images. Results: At gonioscopy and A-scan biometry exam, 27 normal eyes had a significant wider iridocorneal angle opening, a thinner LENS and a greater AXL, ACD than angle closure eyes. At UBM exam, 27 normal control eyes had an significant wider AOD500, line X and also, a longer TCPD than angle closure eyes (651 ± 119 ?m vs. 508 ± 116 ?m; p < 0.001); however no differences were observed in iris thickness between the two groups. After LI, we observed a significant irido-corneal angle opening and the number of angle closure eyes with UBM appositional angle closure in dark condition decreased from 28/31 to 16/31. A long ciliary processes with no ciliary sulcus were observed in 61% (19/31) of angle closure eyes after LI, and also in 33% (9/27) of normal control eyes. Conclusion: A long ciliary processes and absence of ciliary sulcus were a quite common finding not only in angle closure eyes, but also in normal control eyes. However, ciliary processes were located more anteriorly in angle closure eyes. On this cohort of Brazilian patients, more than half of studied eyes submitted to LI maintained UBM appositional angle closure. Whether this apposition with or without long ciliary process and absence of ciliary sulcus detected at UBM images after LI is associated to further goniosynachiae formation and/or loss of IOP control remains to be evaluated

Page generated in 0.2679 seconds