In this paper, I will cover the process of connecting my honors thesis film, Lavanda, with the five senses. I will mainly focus on how the sense of smell can be represented in film along with visual and aural elements. Also, I will present the challenges that arouse while trying to represent taste and touch. Ultimately, I will evaluate the representation of each sense in Lavanda and how a film has the potential to encourage the use of other senses besides seeing and hearing while watching a film.

Master of Arts / Department of Modern Languages / Earl K. Brown / This paper reports on a study that analyzes how a sequential bilingual speaker (L1 Mexican Spanish, L2 American English) uses stylistic phonetic variation in different speech types during an interview (short answer, spontaneous speech, dramatic anecdote, reading) to construct a dynamic gay persona. There are many stylistic variables that can interact when an individual is creating a persona in an interaction, and this becomes even more complex when analyzing L1 speech as well as L2 speech as there are two collections of stylistic phonetic variables (indexical fields) interacting from two different cultural ideologies available to the interlocutors. It is problematic to assign one distinct variable to an identity, such as gay, as it homogenizes a diverse social group of individuals and underestimates members' ability to manage perceptual salience of their identity as a gay individual based on context and social pressure(s). While the field of Lavender Linguistics (language use associated with the LGBTQ community) has shown that there are many resources that can be used to "sound gay," this case study focuses on how a speaker stylistically creates a gay persona throughout the interview through stylistic variation of two principle variables: 1) word-final /s/ duration, and 2) center of gravity of word-final /s/.

Gay men and women have existed in the United States and in the armed forces much longer than legally and socially permitted. By World War II, a cultural shift began within the gay communities of the United States as thousands of gay men and women enlisted in the armed forces. Military policies barred gay service members by reinforcing stereotypes that gay men threatened the wellbeing of other soldiers. Such policies fostered the idea that only particular kinds of men could adequately serve. There were two opposing outcomes for the service of returning gay and lesbian veterans. For many hiding their sexuality from public view, they were granted benefits for their service to the country. For others not as lucky, they received nothing and were stripped of their benefits and rank. With the benefits of the new GI Bill, millions of veterans attended schools and bought homes immediately after the war, and the 1950s marked a new era in the course of the United States. But the Cold War’s deep fear of communism and subversives gripped the United States at the highest levels of government and permeated to the rest of society. This thesis examines the experiences of gay men and women in the American military in World War II and the early Cold War. Particularly after World War II, their experiences as veterans were not only limited to their time in service, but extended far into their civilian lives. This research primarily incorporates scholarly sources from 1981 to present with early gay magazines of the 1950s and 1960s and other archival materials available through the ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives at University of Southern California (USC) in Los Angeles.

Lavenders (Lavandula) are widely grown for their essential oils, which have extensive applications in cosmetics, hygiene products and alternative medicine. The therapeutic and olfactory properties of lavender essential oils are attributed to monoterpenes, a class of low molecular weight (C₁₀) isoprenoids. Oil composition in these plants is primarily determined by plant genotype, but can also be influenced by developmental and environmental factors. In order to define some of the mechanisms that control monoterpene abundance in lavenders, I measured the abundance of quality-defining monoterpenes in several L. angustifolia and L. x intermedia cultivars grown in the Okanagan. Data obtained confirmed that essential oil yield, as well as the abundance of camphor, borneol, linalool, and limonene was species-specific. L. angustifolia cultivars contained high amounts of linalool but yielded little oil, whereas L. x intermedia cultivars were rich in camphor and total oil. Monoterpene abundance changed during flower development, and differed between vegetative and reproductive tissues indicating differential regulation of the biosynthetic pathways, or specialized ecological functions. The abundance of linalool correlated with the transcription of the linalool synthase gene, suggesting that linalool production is in part regulated transcriptionally. However, the degree of correlation between linalool abundance and linalool synthase transcription differed between L. angustifolia and L. x intermedia, suggesting additional, and differing mechanisms that control linalool abundance in these species. In addition, monoterpene abundances were subject to loss during storage and suboptimal detection, two factors that must be considered in future analyses. Results obtained in this study provide insight into the regulation of monoterpene production in lavenders, and build the basis for future research aimed at improving essential oil production in these plants.

Lavenders (Lavandula) are widely grown for their essential oils, which have extensive applications in cosmetics, hygiene products and alternative medicine. The therapeutic and olfactory properties of lavender essential oils are attributed to monoterpenes, a class of low molecular weight (C₁₀) isoprenoids. Oil composition in these plants is primarily determined by plant genotype, but can also be influenced by developmental and environmental factors. In order to define some of the mechanisms that control monoterpene abundance in lavenders, I measured the abundance of quality-defining monoterpenes in several L. angustifolia and L. x intermedia cultivars grown in the Okanagan. Data obtained confirmed that essential oil yield, as well as the abundance of camphor, borneol, linalool, and limonene was species-specific. L. angustifolia cultivars contained high amounts of linalool but yielded little oil, whereas L. x intermedia cultivars were rich in camphor and total oil. Monoterpene abundance changed during flower development, and differed between vegetative and reproductive tissues indicating differential regulation of the biosynthetic pathways, or specialized ecological functions. The abundance of linalool correlated with the transcription of the linalool synthase gene, suggesting that linalool production is in part regulated transcriptionally. However, the degree of correlation between linalool abundance and linalool synthase transcription differed between L. angustifolia and L. x intermedia, suggesting additional, and differing mechanisms that control linalool abundance in these species. In addition, monoterpene abundances were subject to loss during storage and suboptimal detection, two factors that must be considered in future analyses. Results obtained in this study provide insight into the regulation of monoterpene production in lavenders, and build the basis for future research aimed at improving essential oil production in these plants.

Lavenders (Lavandula) are widely grown for their essential oils, which have extensive applications in cosmetics, hygiene products and alternative medicine. The therapeutic and olfactory properties of lavender essential oils are attributed to monoterpenes, a class of low molecular weight (C₁₀) isoprenoids. Oil composition in these plants is primarily determined by plant genotype, but can also be influenced by developmental and environmental factors. In order to define some of the mechanisms that control monoterpene abundance in lavenders, I measured the abundance of quality-defining monoterpenes in several L. angustifolia and L. x intermedia cultivars grown in the Okanagan. Data obtained confirmed that essential oil yield, as well as the abundance of camphor, borneol, linalool, and limonene was species-specific. L. angustifolia cultivars contained high amounts of linalool but yielded little oil, whereas L. x intermedia cultivars were rich in camphor and total oil. Monoterpene abundance changed during flower development, and differed between vegetative and reproductive tissues indicating differential regulation of the biosynthetic pathways, or specialized ecological functions. The abundance of linalool correlated with the transcription of the linalool synthase gene, suggesting that linalool production is in part regulated transcriptionally. However, the degree of correlation between linalool abundance and linalool synthase transcription differed between L. angustifolia and L. x intermedia, suggesting additional, and differing mechanisms that control linalool abundance in these species. In addition, monoterpene abundances were subject to loss during storage and suboptimal detection, two factors that must be considered in future analyses. Results obtained in this study provide insight into the regulation of monoterpene production in lavenders, and build the basis for future research aimed at improving essential oil production in these plants. / Graduate Studies, College of (Okanagan) / Graduate

Cette thèse s’est focalisée sur les lavandes et en particulier sur trois lavandes retrouvées en France : la lavande fine (Lavandula angustifolia Miller), la lavande aspic (Lavandula latifolia Medik) et leur hybride le lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia). Capables de synthétiser de grandes quantités de composés organiques volatils (COV) et plus particulièrement des terpènes volatils tel les mono- et sesquiterpènes, les lavandes sont utilisées depuis l’antiquité par l’Homme pour les propriétés médicinales et aromatiques de ces terpènes, composants de l’huile essentielle de lavande. De par l’importance économique et écologique des terpènes volatils, ce travail de thèse présente différents aspects d’étude. Dans un premier temps la relation entre la diversité chimique, géographique et génétique de la lavande fine a été analysée sur l’ensemble de son aire de répartition. Les résultats ont mis en évidence des populations de lavande fine très différentes autant chimiquement que génétiquement au bord de leur aire de répartition. Dans un deuxième temps, l’impact du stress hydrique au cours du temps sur les contenus en terpènes volatils a été évalué sur la lavande aspic, le lavandin et six populations de lavande fine. Les résultats ont montré des tolérances différentielles en fonction des espèces et des populations ; ainsi le lavandin est plus rapidement affecté par le stress hydrique que la lavande fine. Les contenus terpéniques n’ont été que faiblement impactés par le stress hydrique et cela à des états hydriques différents selon les espèces et les populations. Malgré la grande diversité de réponse selon les composés, l’intensité du stress hydrique et les plantes ; les terpènes de la voie du camphre (bornéol, camphène et camphre) sont ceux qui présentent les plus grandes variations entre les plantes stressées et témoins. Il apparaissait alors intéressant d’étudier la voie de biosynthèse du camphre. Dans ce cadre-là, nous avons identifié et caractérisé la bornyl diphosphate synthase capable de former le bornéol à partir du bornyl diphosphate. L’ensemble de ces travaux permettent de mieux appréhender les relations entre production de terpènes volatils et environnement ainsi que de donner des outils génétiques afin de poursuivre ces investigations / The PhD was focused on lavenders and precisely on lavenders present in France: the fine lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Miller), the spike lavender (Lavandula latifolia Medik) and their hybrid the lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia). Skilled to synthetize huge organic volatils coumpounds (COV) amount and in particular volatils terpene such mono- and sesquiterpenes, lavenders are used by human from antiquity for medicinal and aromatic properties of these volatils terpenes, lavender essential oil is composed of. Due to economical and ecological volatils terpenes importance, several study aspects is considered in the PhD. In a first hand, on all the fine lavender’s repartition area, relationship between chemical, geographical and genetical diversities was assessed. Results showed chemical and genetical significant different populations, at the border of fine lavender repartition area. In a second hand, hydric stress impact over time on volatiles terpenes content was assessed on the spike lavender, lavandin and six fine lavender populations. Results put in evidence differential tolerances by species and populations; thus lavandin is more quickly affected by hydric stress than the fine lavender. Terpenes contents were slightly impacted by hydric stress and with different states amoung species and populations. Despite huge answer diversities amoung compounds, hydric stress intensity and plants; camphre pathway terpenes (borneol, comphene and camphre) are those which have the more important variations among stressed and controlled plants. Therefore study camphre biosynthesis pathway emerged. In this context, we have identified and characterized the bornyl diphosphate synthase able to produce the borneol from the bornyl diphosphate. These works allow a better understanding of relationships between volatils terpenes production and environment as well as give genetical tools to proceed to further investigations

The prevalence of carriers of three genetic disorders, severe combined immunodeficiency, lavender foal syndrome and cerebellar abiotrophy, in registered, purebred Arabians in South Africa was assessed. Genotyping for the three disorders was performed on individuals randomly selected from two populations: purebred Arabian horses born in South Africa during the intervals 1 August 2004 to 31 July 2005 and 1 August 2009 to 31 July 2010, in line with physiological breeding seasons. This permitted an estimation of the change in prevalence of each disorder between 2004 and 2009, during which time compulsory testing for SCID, and selective breeding based on the results thereof, was performed. The prevalence of lavender foal syndrome and cerebellar abiotrophy for the 2009 breeding season was found to be 11.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.80 – 16.37) and 5.1% (95% CI 2.56 – 8.69) respectively, with no statistically significant change in the prevalence of these disorders between 2004 and 2009. Utilizing a larger sample size, the prevalence of severe combined immunodeficiency was found to have decreased significantly from 6.4% (95% CI 6.05 – 6.78) in 2004 to 3.4% (95% CI 2.67 – 4.23) in 2009 (P < 0.0001). These results will encourage the genetic screening of Arabian horses intended for breeding purposes in order to prevent the birth of clinically affected individuals. This study also highlights the usefulness of genetic testing as a tool to decrease the prevalence of specific genetic disorders within animal populations. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Production Animal Studies / unrestricted

En la siguiente tesis se explica la viabilidad del negocio de las almohadillas terapéuticas a base de semillas naturales y aromáticas (manzanilla y lavanda) que ayudarán a aliviar el estrés, dolor y tensión en las zonas de los hombros y cuello a través de la termoterapia. Los segmentos por abarcar en este proyecto son los niveles socioeconómicos A, B y C de Lima Metropolitana cuyo rango de edad se encuentre entre 18 y 60 años. Nuestra idea de negocio consiste en la venta de una almohadilla terapéutica de fácil uso y práctica para transportar. La venta será a través de canales online como Facebook e Instagram, y a su vez se participarán en ferias de productos naturales, centros de relajación y farmacias. Nuestro producto será entregado en una bolsa reutilizable de yute el cual contendrá una almohadilla terapéutica y un frasco de esencia aromática a un precio de 60 nuevos soles. Además, se explicar más a detalle el plan de negocio y su desarrollo, el Concierge, el plan de operaciones, el plan de recursos humanos, el plan de marketing, el plan de responsabilidad social empresarial, el plan financiero y los aprendizajes que se obtuvieron en todo el proyecto. / The following thesis explains the business viability of therapeutic pads based on natural and aromatic seeds (chamomile and lavender) that will help relieve stress, pain and tension in the areas of the shoulders and neck through thermotherapy. The segments to be covered in this project are the socioeconomic levels A, B and C of Lima Metropolitan whose age range is between 18 and 60 years. Our business idea is to sell a therapeutic pad that is easy to use and practical to transport. The sale will be through online channels such as Facebook and Instagram, and in turn will participate in fairs of natural products, relaxation centers and pharmacies. Our product will be delivered in a reusable jute bag which will contain a therapeutic pad and a bottle of aromatic essence at a price of 60 soles. In addition, the business plan and its development, the Concierge, operations plan, human resources plan, marketing plan, corporate social responsibility plan, financial plan and learning obtained throughout the project are further explained. / Trabajo de investigación

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