The author proposes the text for a gender identity law based on the parameters of conventionality of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and experiences of comparative law on the basis of depathologization trans identities. / La autora propone el texto para una ley de identidad de género basado en los parámetros de convencionalidad de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos y las experiencias del derecho comparado sobre la base de la despatologización de las identidades trans.

This thesis sets out to explore the reasons why individuals and communities affected by development operations are generally unable to influence and control the content of development interventions, and also how this disadvantaged position could potentially be ameliorated. The aim is to identify systematic and conceptual shortcomings at the governance level – that is, the issues that are valid on their own account and do not rely on the ideological stance about sustainable development. Accordingly, the thesis suggests four principles of accountability that, if implemented, would ensure a more balanced governance of development projects. It then explores whether and how decision-making in the context of World Bank financing currently adheres to these principles, both in terms of substantive standards of accountability and the procedural mechanisms that are put in place to uphold these standards. The analysis goes beyond the classic emphasis on the World Bank’s founding treaties, or enforcement of operational policies through the Inspection Panel. Instead, the thesis introduces the distinction between general (public international and domestic law), specialized (operational policies) and project-specific (agreements) rules, which, it is argued, are all directly relevant in the context of individual interventions. The notion of ‘project law’ is suggested as a helpful theoretical construct that enables such an analysis across traditional categories of sources. On the whole, ‘project law’ emphasizes the problematic link between different rules at the project level and points towards some fundamental difficulties of ensuring accountability for development transactions. The key argument of the thesis is that affected persons should be explicitly recognised under ‘project law’ and that such status could be useful in devising a system of accountability at the project level. It is also suggested that the governance of development interventions would benefit from better defined and more stringent public law rules and procedures, since these would clarify the limits of contractual freedom within ‘project law’. As a result of such greater certainty, it would be easier to hold decision-makers to account. Under the current system of World Bank financing, such improvements would be contingent primarily on the will of those who hold decision-making power, and their consent to be subjected to a more stringent accountability regime. In other words, whilst the legal tools may exist, there is also a need for the political will to use them.

O presente trabalho tem por escopo o estudo jurídico do interesse segurável, elemento essencial do contrato de seguro, entendido como a relação existente entre o segurado e a coisa ou a pessoa sujeita ao risco. O tema é desenvolvido tendo por base a análise estrutural e funcional do interesse segurável, sua evolução legislativa no Brasil e consequências no contrato de seguro, no que tange tanto ao seguro de danos como ao seguro de pessoas. A análise pauta-se, em particular, no Código Civil brasileiro hodierno e no Código de 1916. Em razão da inexistência de literatura nacional específica sobre o assunto, o estudo é ilustrado, na medida do possível, com o tratamento da matéria na legislação estrangeira, na Jurisprudência nacional e no Projeto de Lei n. 3.555/2004. / The present work aims the legal study of the insurable interest, a essencial element of the insurance contract, understood as the relationship between a person and a thing or another person subject to risk. The subject will be developed from the structural and functional analysis of the insurable interest, its legislative developments in Brazil and its consequences in the insurance contract, both regarding indemnity and non-indemnity insurance contracts. The analysis is guided, in particular, by the Brazilian Civil Code and former Code of 1916. Considering the lack of specific national literature on the subject, the study is illustrated, as far as possible, with examples of foreign Law, case law and the Law Project n. 3.555/2004.

Está em curso no Senado Federal a revisão da primeira lei de âmbito nacional sobre o parcelamento do solo urbano no Brasil, aprovada em 1979. As discussões desta revisão bem como as suas repercussões na formulação de leis municipais remetem à necessidade de compreensão da construção deste instrumento urbanístico como realidade histórica. Este trabalho reconstrói o processo de formulação de uma legislação federal de regulação do loteamento no Brasil até a aprovação da Lei nº 6.766, conhecida como Lei Lehman. Parte-se da hipótese que a lei aprovada em 1979 foi gestada e construída historicamente durante as quatro décadas que a precederam. Por meio do levantamento bibliográfico, documental e entrevistas, este estudo evidencia quais as temáticas abordadas na Lei Federal nº 6.766/79 já estavam presentes nas discussões e nas propostas de lei sobre loteamento entre o início do século XX até 1979. A pesquisa foi estruturada em cinco eixos de análise, desenvolvidos concomitantemente. Um eixo procurou detectar a competência dos entes federativos em legislar sobre o loteamento, a partir da legislação vigente. O segundo eixo buscou consolidar as discussões sobre a normatização de loteamentos por meio de publicações e eventos, do campo do planejamento urbano, que trataram este tema. O terceiro eixo partiu da cronologia das leis aprovadas e projetos de lei formulados sobre loteamento urbano até a aprovação da Lei Lehman. Um quarto eixo analisou o processo de aprovação desta lei na Câmara e no Senado Federal. Por fim, o último eixo se debruçou na análise de como os aspectos de caráter civil, administrativo, registrário, penal e urbanístico foram sendo incorporados nos debates e nas propostas de uma lei federal de loteamento. Este estudo pretende contribuir para a complementação e o aprofundamento dos trabalhos que tratam da regulação do parcelamento do solo no Brasil e para o debate atual da revisão da Lei Federal nº 6.766. / In the Federal Senate there is in progress the review of the first nationwide law on the division of Brazil\'s urban land, adopted in 1979. The discussions of this review and its formulation impacts of municipal laws remit in understanding the construction of this urban instrument as a historical reality. This paper reconstructs the formulation process of a federal legislation of the allotment regulation in Brazil until the approval of 6766 Law, known as Lehman Law. It starts with the assumption that the law approved in 1979 was historically and management constructed during the four decades that preceded it. Through biographical, documentary and interviews survey, this study shows which subjects broached on Federal Law 6766/79 were already present in the law discussions and proposals about land division between the early twentieth century to 1979. The research was structured in five axes of analysis, developed concurrently. The first axis aimed at detecting the competence of federal sectors in allotment legislation, through the current law. The second axis tried to consolidate the discussions about the allotment land normalization by publications and events of urban planning field that had dealt this issue. The third axis came from the chronology of the laws approved and projected laws on urban land division until the approval of Lehman Law. A fourth axis examined the approval process of this law in the Congress and Federal Senate. Finally, the last axis has focused on the analysis of how the aspects of civil, administrative, registration, penal and urbanistic character were being incorporated in the debates and proposals of a federal allotment act. This study intends to contribute to the works` deep examination and complementing that treat of the land division regulation in Brazil and the current debate of the Federal Law nº. 6.766.

O presente trabalho tem por escopo o estudo jurídico do interesse segurável, elemento essencial do contrato de seguro, entendido como a relação existente entre o segurado e a coisa ou a pessoa sujeita ao risco. O tema é desenvolvido tendo por base a análise estrutural e funcional do interesse segurável, sua evolução legislativa no Brasil e consequências no contrato de seguro, no que tange tanto ao seguro de danos como ao seguro de pessoas. A análise pauta-se, em particular, no Código Civil brasileiro hodierno e no Código de 1916. Em razão da inexistência de literatura nacional específica sobre o assunto, o estudo é ilustrado, na medida do possível, com o tratamento da matéria na legislação estrangeira, na Jurisprudência nacional e no Projeto de Lei n. 3.555/2004. / The present work aims the legal study of the insurable interest, a essencial element of the insurance contract, understood as the relationship between a person and a thing or another person subject to risk. The subject will be developed from the structural and functional analysis of the insurable interest, its legislative developments in Brazil and its consequences in the insurance contract, both regarding indemnity and non-indemnity insurance contracts. The analysis is guided, in particular, by the Brazilian Civil Code and former Code of 1916. Considering the lack of specific national literature on the subject, the study is illustrated, as far as possible, with examples of foreign Law, case law and the Law Project n. 3.555/2004.

Está em curso no Senado Federal a revisão da primeira lei de âmbito nacional sobre o parcelamento do solo urbano no Brasil, aprovada em 1979. As discussões desta revisão bem como as suas repercussões na formulação de leis municipais remetem à necessidade de compreensão da construção deste instrumento urbanístico como realidade histórica. Este trabalho reconstrói o processo de formulação de uma legislação federal de regulação do loteamento no Brasil até a aprovação da Lei nº 6.766, conhecida como Lei Lehman. Parte-se da hipótese que a lei aprovada em 1979 foi gestada e construída historicamente durante as quatro décadas que a precederam. Por meio do levantamento bibliográfico, documental e entrevistas, este estudo evidencia quais as temáticas abordadas na Lei Federal nº 6.766/79 já estavam presentes nas discussões e nas propostas de lei sobre loteamento entre o início do século XX até 1979. A pesquisa foi estruturada em cinco eixos de análise, desenvolvidos concomitantemente. Um eixo procurou detectar a competência dos entes federativos em legislar sobre o loteamento, a partir da legislação vigente. O segundo eixo buscou consolidar as discussões sobre a normatização de loteamentos por meio de publicações e eventos, do campo do planejamento urbano, que trataram este tema. O terceiro eixo partiu da cronologia das leis aprovadas e projetos de lei formulados sobre loteamento urbano até a aprovação da Lei Lehman. Um quarto eixo analisou o processo de aprovação desta lei na Câmara e no Senado Federal. Por fim, o último eixo se debruçou na análise de como os aspectos de caráter civil, administrativo, registrário, penal e urbanístico foram sendo incorporados nos debates e nas propostas de uma lei federal de loteamento. Este estudo pretende contribuir para a complementação e o aprofundamento dos trabalhos que tratam da regulação do parcelamento do solo no Brasil e para o debate atual da revisão da Lei Federal nº 6.766. / In the Federal Senate there is in progress the review of the first nationwide law on the division of Brazil\'s urban land, adopted in 1979. The discussions of this review and its formulation impacts of municipal laws remit in understanding the construction of this urban instrument as a historical reality. This paper reconstructs the formulation process of a federal legislation of the allotment regulation in Brazil until the approval of 6766 Law, known as Lehman Law. It starts with the assumption that the law approved in 1979 was historically and management constructed during the four decades that preceded it. Through biographical, documentary and interviews survey, this study shows which subjects broached on Federal Law 6766/79 were already present in the law discussions and proposals about land division between the early twentieth century to 1979. The research was structured in five axes of analysis, developed concurrently. The first axis aimed at detecting the competence of federal sectors in allotment legislation, through the current law. The second axis tried to consolidate the discussions about the allotment land normalization by publications and events of urban planning field that had dealt this issue. The third axis came from the chronology of the laws approved and projected laws on urban land division until the approval of Lehman Law. A fourth axis examined the approval process of this law in the Congress and Federal Senate. Finally, the last axis has focused on the analysis of how the aspects of civil, administrative, registration, penal and urbanistic character were being incorporated in the debates and proposals of a federal allotment act. This study intends to contribute to the works` deep examination and complementing that treat of the land division regulation in Brazil and the current debate of the Federal Law nº. 6.766.

Avec toutes les technologies disponibles afin de pallier à l’infertilité de nos jours, il peut sembler qu’avoir un enfant est chose simple. Toutefois, les discours de quinze québécoises rencontrées, qui ont vécu ou vivent toujours de l’infertilité, démontrent que le parcours en procréation médicalement assistée est semé d’embûches. Comme le dit Félicia, une femme rencontrée: «l’infertilité ça l’affecte plein, plein de sphères de la vie». L’un des objectifs de ce travail est d’ailleurs de questionner le choix de ces femmes d’aller en clinique de fertilité lorsque des difficultés à procréer ont été rencontrées et de soulever les impacts de ce choix. Cette recherche démontrera que les québécoises et les choix qu’elles prennent dans le domaine reproducteur sont profondément influencés par les pressions sociales et le mode de pensée propre à leur société. / With the technologies available in order to mitigate infertility, it would seem that having a child would be easy. However, the dialogue of fifteen Quebecers that are dealing with or have dealt with infertility illustrates that the process of medically assisted procreation has its pitfalls. As explained by Felicia, "Infertility affects many, many spheres of life". One objective of this work is to question the choice of women who go to fertility clinics when difficulties to procreate arise and to outline the impacts of their choice. This research will demonstrate that Quebecers and the choices they make in the reproductive field are profoundly influenced by social pressures and the way of thinking of their society.