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2 pp. / The most difficult part of conversion from a lawn to a low water (xeriscape) landscape is the removal of a lawn. By removing a Bermuda grass lawn, it is estimated that water savings of 50 -75% is possible. Potential water savings comes from the fact that water is applied to a limited amount of total yard space, compared to the greater water needs of a continuous grass-covered area. Also, by planting low water use plants, less maintenance is required and substantial cost savings can be realized. Turf removal and subsequent weed suppression is achievable using readily available herbicides.

This study focuses on the issue of social exclusion in British tennis. It commences with a critique of current LTA policy, presenting exclusion as static, ahistorical and underpinned by false dichotomies of age and social class. Aspects of Norbert Elias’s theoretical approach are employed throughout as an analytical framework. Initially, the roots of exclusion in British tennis are sought through historical analysis. Aspects of the Civilising Process help direct attention towards wider social processes to explain the prevalence of exclusion, particularly in tennis clubs. Cost was a crucial factor in determining early access, but as tennis became more accessible to lower classes, codes of behavioural etiquette helped demarcate members along status lines. Into the mid-20th century, the globalisation, professionalisation and commercialisation of tennis pushed the LTA to adopt a more performance-oriented outlook, but this has come to oppose the more relaxed culture of tennis clubs. Thus, a power struggle emerged between these two institutions, and, underpinned by thirty interviews with leading figures in British tennis as well as extensive documentary analysis, the third section documents these developments from the 1980s. Crucially, tennis clubs remain largely amateur and voluntary-run organisations, yet are important locations for the implementation of the LTA’s demanding talent development objectives. These recent developments are understood with the help of Elias’s Game Models theory. The fourth section presents findings from a ten-month ethnographic study of social exclusion in a tennis club; a micro-analysis of club member relations underpinned by Elias’s Established-Outsider Relations theory. Overall findings suggest that social exclusion in British tennis is far more complex, multi-faceted and historically-rooted than what current LTA discourse presents. Differences in age and class are less central, and instead preconceived notions of social status based on longevity of membership, adherence to behavioural norms and playing standard are powerful determinants of inclusion.

Traditional lawn care for suburban American households merits examination from both ecological and social perspectives. Such practices have potentially detrimental consequences on human and natural systems that will continue to grow with urbanization. Consequently, further characterization of the complex, multiscale processes in which lawn management decisions are rooted could enhance methods for encouraging the adoption of alternatives to industrialized lawn care. This study conceptualizes mesoscale, or neighborhood-level, influences on watering, fertilizing, and mowing practices in Baltimore city, through a modified grounded theory analysis of key informant interviews in Mount Washington, Westfield, and Park Circle. This study finds that mesoscale processes play a significant role in the residential lawn care of these neighborhoods. The applicable processes vary by the community’s social cohesion and tenets. As socioeconomic status and social cohesion increases within the study area, the influence of informal authority in residential lawn care increases. Results demonstrate potential policy implications. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2019. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1966. / Includes bibliographical references. Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

Thesis--Auburn University, 2009. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-48).

Orientador: Paulo Cesar Montagner / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T15:21:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Chiminazzo_JoaoGuilhermeCren_M.pdf: 1166896 bytes, checksum: 47ba2c2fc9da991760ee0b4ae8bf3a51 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: A síndrome de burnout, conhecida como síndrome do esgotamento físico, psíquico e emocional, acomete pessoas de diversas áreas profissionais. No esporte, é comum constatar tanto profissionais quanto atletas em esgotamento. A síndrome de burnout é o eixo central desta pesquisa realizada com técnicos de tênis de campo sobre sua percepção com atletas acometidos pela síndrome. Para o presente estudo adotou-se a tradução do termo burnout para esgotamento. O objetivo do estudo foi pesquisar as opiniões dos técnicos de tênis de campo, a respeito da síndrome de burnout em atletas infanto-juvenis e profissionais na referida modalidade. Utilizou-se como método a pesquisa qualitativa, optando pela análise de conteúdo para a categorização dos dados obtidos com os questionários. Para isso, foi elaborado um questionário com onze questões fechadas (caracterização dos sujeitos) e nove questões abertas. Trinta e quatro técnicos foram contatados e apenas dois deles não participaram do estudo. Após o contato prévio com os sujeitos, marcou-se um encontro para aplicação dos questionários. De posse dos questionários, após uma análise qualitativa, pode ser verificado que 81% dos técnicos já tiveram atletas que apresentaram sinais de esgotamento. Um outro dado obtido com as respostas foi que sinais fisiológicos para o esgotamento tiveram 96% das menções dos técnicos. Foram vinte e quatro menções para a categoria Treinos como precursores para a síndrome de burnout no tênis de campo. É importante que técnicos de tênis de campo conheçam o fenômeno da síndrome de burnout para que sejam capazes de orientar seus atletas, garantindo-lhes uma boa qualidade de vida em suas carreiras esportivas / Abstract: The syndrome of burnout, known as syndrome of the physical, psychic and emotional exhaustion, acomete people of diverse professional areas. In the sport, it is common to evidence in such a way professional how much athlete in exhaustion. Burnout syndrome is the central axel from this research conducted with Tennis coaches about their perception over athletes with this syndrome. The adopted translation for burnout within this study was ¿esgotamento¿. The main goal of this study was researching tennis coaches opinions about burnout syndrome in juveniles athletes and professionals within the same sports modality. Qualitative method of research was used, where the option for content analyzes was made for categorizing data obtained from questionnaires. To be used as an instrument it was elaborated a questionnaire made by 11 closed items (individual characterization) and nine open items. There were contacted thirty four (34) coaches, and only two (2) of them did not participate on the study. After the previous contact a meeting was scheduled for answering the questionnaire. It was verified that 81% of the coaches have already had athletes presenting signs of burnout. Another data obtained from the answers was that physiological signs for acknowledging the syndrome had 96% of the times mentioned by the coaches. Twenty four times ¿Practicing¿ was quoted as precursor for Tennis burnout syndrome. Results lead to a conclusion that it is very important for tennis coaches to recognize the burnout syndrome to be always able to guide their athletes / Mestrado / Ciencia do Desporto / Mestre em Educação Física

Rapporten skrevsför ett projekt från robotgräsklipparavdelningen på Husqvarna AB.Deras nya produkt Husqvarna CEORA har tagits fram för större professionella anläggningar, som till exempel golfbanor och fotbollsplaner.Dessa anläggningar användes sig ofta avlawnstriping, en metod för att skapa mönster i gräsmattan genom att vända gräseti olika riktningar. För att kunna konkurrera med befintliga grönskötselprodukter som finns på marknaden var ett automatiseratlawnstriper-tillbehör av intresse för företaget. Projektets syfte blev därför att ta fram en prototyp som bidrar till att arrangera gräset i specifika riktningar, som kan höjas och sänkas automatiskt samt kunna vara fixerad i höjdled vid behov. Funktionen ska inte påverkas av förändringar i höjdled och produkten ska kunna monteras och demonteras påCEORA av slutkund.I det teoretiska ramverket tas olika relevanta teorier upp. Teori om hurlawnstripinggörs och dess effekt, information om Husqvarna CEORA, teori om olika fästanordningar som finns påmarknaden samt teori om kraftomvandling och rörelse diskuteras. Dessa teorier ligger till grund för de beslut som sedan tas i arbetet.I projektet användsleanproduktutveckling, då det passar ett projekt som involverar produktutveckling och konstruktion. De fem huvudområdena i processen ärplanering och strategi, förstudie, produktframtagning, utvärdering och konceptval, och slutligen prototypframtagning. I metodavsnittet beskrivs metoderna som ingår i dessa kategorier.I genomförandekapitlet används produktutvecklingsmetoder för att ta fram prototyperna.Krav och begränsningar togs fram tillsammans med Husqvarna AB.För att få ytterligare information om de intressenter som kan tänkas använda produkten intervjuades en representant från Jönköpings Golfklubb.Intervjun kompletterades med en studie omlawnstripingsom gjorts av Ingarö Golfklubb. Utifrån detta och konkurrentanalysen framkom att majoriteten av befintliga lösningar består av antingen integrerade rullar eller borstar.Olika koncept gjordes, som ledde fram till tre slutkoncept.De tre slutkoncepten består av engummiskrapa som kan höjas och sänkas med en linjärmotor. Linjärmotornär fäst på en stålkonstruktion som ansluts till CEORAS fästplåt.Skrapan och linjärmotorn stabiliseras med hjälp av tvåstavar. Prototyperna har två frihetsgrader för pivotering, för att möjliggöra bästa möjliga följsamhet med marken. De trekoncepten har vissa individuella skillnader, främst det tredje konceptet som har två skrapor. Efter att ha genomgått en beslutsmatrisvaldes två av koncepten ut för vidareutveckling av Husqvarna. SLS-prototyper tillverkadesför att utvärdera rörlighetenhos de två slutkonceptenEnkel och Dubbel. Prototypen uppfyllde alla krav på pivotering och rörlighet i höjdled. / The report was written for a project withthe robotic lawnmower department at Husqvarna AB. Their new product Husqvarna CEORA has been developed for larger professional facilities, such as golf courses and football pitches. These facilitiesoften uselawn striping, a method for creating patterns in the lawn by turning the grassin various directions.In order tocompetewith existinglawncare products available on the market, an automated lawn striper accessory was of interest to the company. The purpose of thisproject was therefore to develop a prototype that helps to arrange the grass in specific directions, which can be raised and lowered automatically and be fixed in height if necessary. The function must not be affected by changes in height and the product must be able to be mounted and dismounted on CEORA by the end customer.In the theoretical framework, variousrelevant theories are addressed. Theory on how lawn striping is done and its effect, information on Husqvarna CEORA, theory on various fastening devices available on the market and theory on power conversion and movement are discussed. These theories formthe basis for the decisions that are then made in the work.The project uses lean product development, as it fits a project that involves product development and design. The five main areas in the process are planning and strategy, feasibility study, product development, evaluation and concept selection, and finally prototype development. The methods section describes the methods that are included in these categories.The implementation chapter uses product development methods to produce the prototypes. Requirements and restrictions were developed together with Husqvarna AB. To get further information about the stakeholders who may use the product, a representative from Jönköping Golf Club was interviewed. The interview was supplemented with a study on lawn striping done byIngaröGolf Club. Based on this and the competition analysis, it emerged thatmostexisting solutions consist of either integrated rollers or brushes. Different concepts were made, which led to three final concepts.The three final concepts consist of a rubber scraper that can be raised and lowered with a linear motor. The linear motor is attached to a steel structure which is connected to CEORAS mounting plate. The scraper and linear motor are stabilized by means of twobrackets. The prototypes have two degrees of freedom for pivoting, to enable the best possible compliance with the ground. The three concepts have some individual differences, mainly the third concept which has two scrapers. After undergoing a decision matrix, two of theconcepts were selected for further development by Husqvarna. SLS prototypes were manufactured to evaluate the mobilityof the two final concepts,Enkel and Dubbel. The prototype met all the requirements for pivoting and height mobility.

In southern Africa, disturbance contributes to the heterogeneity of grassland and savanna ecosystems. Fire and grazing act as the primary disturbances in these systems, and interactions between the two are common. As such, an understanding of the relationship between fire and grazing is essential for the conservation of biotic diversity and the production of high-quality forage for game and livestock. Frequent fires followed by concentrated grazing have been shown to facilitate patches of short, palatable grasses ("grazing lawns") within grassland and savanna landscapes. The effects of grazing lawn management on other aspects of biodiversity have received little attention. Forbs (non-graminoid, herbaceous plants) are an important component of grassland ecosystems, but how they respond to disturbance is largely unknown. This study compared changes in forb communities on and off of firebreaks (an extreme example of a grazing lawn) in a high altitude mesic grassland. Native herbivore biomass was significantly higher on firebreaks than in the surrounding lightly grazed matrix and the firebreaks, while more compacted, did not show significant signs of degradation. There were no significant differences in forb abundance or richness between annually burned and intermittently burned plots, and there was no species turnover associated with the annually burned, heavily grazed treatment. Speciesspecific differences in functional traits on annually burned and intermittently burned plots were likely a function of light limitation, as mammalian palatability scores were nominal. Ultimately, ten years of intensive fire and grazing have had minimal impact on forb communities in a high altitude mesic grassland. The results indicate that in this type of Highveld grassland, heavily grazed and annually burned patches are not detrimental to the forb community and clearly enhance habitat diversity for grazers.

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