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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Physiological responses and soil water balance of clonal Eucalyptus under contrasting spacings and genotypes / Respostas fisiológicas e balanço hídrico do solo em Eucalyptus clonais sob espaçamentos de plantio e genótipos contrastantes

Hakamada, Rodrigo Eiji 22 September 2016 (has links)
Planting density and genotype have close relationship with the water relations in plants. The scenario of increased occurrence of extreme weather events and the change of Eucalyptus forest plantations to high water deficit regions, led us to the three key questions of this study: (1) What is the relationship between planting density and the potential water stress? (2) The planting spacing interferes the water use efficiency (WUE), i.e. the amount of biomass produced by the amount of water transpired? (3) Can the planting density change the soil water balance (BHS)? To develop this work, we settled a field trial in Mogi Guacu, SP, in February 2012. We planted four genetic material (Eucalyptus grandis x E.urophylla1 {Urograndis1}, Eucalyptus grandis x E.urophylla2, E.urophylla and E.grandis x E.camaldulensis {Grancam}) with different levels of tolerance to drought and four planting spacings (3.4, 7.0, 10.5 and 16.9 m2 plant-1, which correspond to densities of 2,949 , 1,424 and 1,028 and 591 plants ha-1). In Chapter 1, we evaluated the leaf water potential (representing potential water stress) of the four clones for 1 year, between 1.5 and 2.5 years. Regardless of the genetic material, the higher the wood productivity, the greater the leaf water potential. The denser planting (2,949 plants ha-1) stands generated 39% more wood, however, water stress potential reached up to 33% higher than the least dense planting (591 plants ha-1). In the second chapter, during the same period, we evaluated the efficiency of water use, which did not vary according to the change of planting density, but showed differences between genotypes with US 2.3, 2.2 and 1, 5 g L-1 to Urograndis, Urophylla and Grancam, respectively, at a density of 1,424 plants ha-1. Finally, the third chapter evaluated for two years, between 1.7 and 3.7 years, transpiration (T), soil evaporation (Es) and canopy interception (Ei), which together made up evapotranspiration (ET). Subtraction of precipitation (P) per ET resulted in soil water balance (SWB). The SWB was positive or near zero for the two clones evaluated (Urograndis1 and Grancam) when planting density was less than or equal to 1,028 trees ha-1. In the denser planting, the balance was -25%. These studies show that: a higher wood growth results in a higher potential drought stress, generating a clear trade-off between production and survival of trees. However, the detailed study of genetic materials fall under that there are increasing opportunities in water use efficiency, though without the increase in water use, bringing a greater share of water in the watershed scale. Finally, plantations above 1,028 ha-1 trees resulted in a negative soil water balance of -25% at the peak of growth. Together, this study reveals that spacing associated with genotypes can serve as tools in the search for balance between timber production and conservation of natural resources. / A densidade de plantio e o genótipo possuem estreita relação com as relações hídricas nas plantas. Sob um cenário de maior ocorrência de eventos climáticos extremos e do avanço dos plantios florestais de eucalipto para regiões de elevado déficit hídrico, elaboramos três perguntas-chave para esse estudo: (1) Qual a relação entre a densidade de plantio e o potencial estresse hídrico? (2) O espaçamento de plantio interfere na eficiência do uso da água (EUA), i.e., na quantidade de biomassa produzida pela quantidade de água transpirada? (3) Pode a densidade de plantio alterar o balanço hídrico do solo (BHS)? Para responder a essas questões, instalou-se um ensaio de campo em Mogi Guacu, SP, em fevereiro de 2012. Foram plantados quatro materiais genéticos (Eucalyptus grandis x E.urophylla1 {Urograndis1}, Eucalyptus grandis x E.urophylla2, E.urophylla e E.grandis x E.camaldulensis {Grancam}) com distintos níveis de tolerância à seca e quatro espaçamentos de plantio (3,4, 7,0, 10,5 e 16,9 m2 planta-1, que correspondem às densidades de 2.949, 1.424 e 1.028 e 591 plantas ha-1). No capítulo 1, avaliou-se o potencial hídrico foliar (representando o potencial estresse hídrico) dos quatro clones durante 1 ano, entre 1,5 e 2,5 anos. Independentemente do material genético, quanto maior a produtividade madeireira atingida, maior o potencial hídrico foliar. Os plantios mais adensados (2.949 plantas ha-1) geraram povoamentos 39% mais produtivos, no entanto, o potencial estresse hídrico chegou a atingir 33% acima do plantio menos adensado (591 plantas ha-1). No segundo capítulo, durante o mesmo período, avaliou-se a eficiência do uso da água, que não variou conforme a mudança de densidade de plantio, mas apresentou diferença entre os genótipos, com EUA de 2,3, 2,2 e 1,5 g L-1 para os clones Urograndis, Urophylla e Grancam, respectivamente, na densidade de 1.424 plantas ha-1. Por fim, o terceiro capítulo avaliou durante dois anos, entre 1,7 e 3,7 anos, a transpiração (T), evaporação do solo (Es) e interceptação de água pela copa (Ei), que somados compunham e evapotranspiração (ET). A subtração da precipitação (P) da ET resultou no balanço hídrico do solo (BHS). O BHS foi positivo ou próximo de zero para os dois clones avaliados (Urograndis1 e Grancam) quando a densidade de plantio foi inferior ou igual a 1.028 árvores ha-1. No plantio mais adensado, o balanço foi de -25%. Estes estudos demonstram que: a maior produtividade madeireira acarreta em maior potencial estresse hídrico, gerando um claro dilema entre a produção e a sobrevivência dos plantios. No entanto, o estudo detalhado dos materiais genéticos releva que há possibilidades de incremento na eficiência do uso da água sem que ocorra o aumento no uso da água, trazendo um maior compartilhamento da água na escala da microbacia. Por fim, plantios acima de 1.028 árvores ha-1 resultaram em um balanço hídrico do solo negativo médio de -25% no pico do crescimento. Em conjunto, o presente trabalho releva que o espaçamento associado a materiais genéticos específicos, podem servir como ferramenta na busca pelo equilíbrio entre a produção madeireira e a conservação de recursos naturais.
12

Physiological responses and soil water balance of clonal Eucalyptus under contrasting spacings and genotypes / Respostas fisiológicas e balanço hídrico do solo em Eucalyptus clonais sob espaçamentos de plantio e genótipos contrastantes

Rodrigo Eiji Hakamada 22 September 2016 (has links)
Planting density and genotype have close relationship with the water relations in plants. The scenario of increased occurrence of extreme weather events and the change of Eucalyptus forest plantations to high water deficit regions, led us to the three key questions of this study: (1) What is the relationship between planting density and the potential water stress? (2) The planting spacing interferes the water use efficiency (WUE), i.e. the amount of biomass produced by the amount of water transpired? (3) Can the planting density change the soil water balance (BHS)? To develop this work, we settled a field trial in Mogi Guacu, SP, in February 2012. We planted four genetic material (Eucalyptus grandis x E.urophylla1 {Urograndis1}, Eucalyptus grandis x E.urophylla2, E.urophylla and E.grandis x E.camaldulensis {Grancam}) with different levels of tolerance to drought and four planting spacings (3.4, 7.0, 10.5 and 16.9 m2 plant-1, which correspond to densities of 2,949 , 1,424 and 1,028 and 591 plants ha-1). In Chapter 1, we evaluated the leaf water potential (representing potential water stress) of the four clones for 1 year, between 1.5 and 2.5 years. Regardless of the genetic material, the higher the wood productivity, the greater the leaf water potential. The denser planting (2,949 plants ha-1) stands generated 39% more wood, however, water stress potential reached up to 33% higher than the least dense planting (591 plants ha-1). In the second chapter, during the same period, we evaluated the efficiency of water use, which did not vary according to the change of planting density, but showed differences between genotypes with US 2.3, 2.2 and 1, 5 g L-1 to Urograndis, Urophylla and Grancam, respectively, at a density of 1,424 plants ha-1. Finally, the third chapter evaluated for two years, between 1.7 and 3.7 years, transpiration (T), soil evaporation (Es) and canopy interception (Ei), which together made up evapotranspiration (ET). Subtraction of precipitation (P) per ET resulted in soil water balance (SWB). The SWB was positive or near zero for the two clones evaluated (Urograndis1 and Grancam) when planting density was less than or equal to 1,028 trees ha-1. In the denser planting, the balance was -25%. These studies show that: a higher wood growth results in a higher potential drought stress, generating a clear trade-off between production and survival of trees. However, the detailed study of genetic materials fall under that there are increasing opportunities in water use efficiency, though without the increase in water use, bringing a greater share of water in the watershed scale. Finally, plantations above 1,028 ha-1 trees resulted in a negative soil water balance of -25% at the peak of growth. Together, this study reveals that spacing associated with genotypes can serve as tools in the search for balance between timber production and conservation of natural resources. / A densidade de plantio e o genótipo possuem estreita relação com as relações hídricas nas plantas. Sob um cenário de maior ocorrência de eventos climáticos extremos e do avanço dos plantios florestais de eucalipto para regiões de elevado déficit hídrico, elaboramos três perguntas-chave para esse estudo: (1) Qual a relação entre a densidade de plantio e o potencial estresse hídrico? (2) O espaçamento de plantio interfere na eficiência do uso da água (EUA), i.e., na quantidade de biomassa produzida pela quantidade de água transpirada? (3) Pode a densidade de plantio alterar o balanço hídrico do solo (BHS)? Para responder a essas questões, instalou-se um ensaio de campo em Mogi Guacu, SP, em fevereiro de 2012. Foram plantados quatro materiais genéticos (Eucalyptus grandis x E.urophylla1 {Urograndis1}, Eucalyptus grandis x E.urophylla2, E.urophylla e E.grandis x E.camaldulensis {Grancam}) com distintos níveis de tolerância à seca e quatro espaçamentos de plantio (3,4, 7,0, 10,5 e 16,9 m2 planta-1, que correspondem às densidades de 2.949, 1.424 e 1.028 e 591 plantas ha-1). No capítulo 1, avaliou-se o potencial hídrico foliar (representando o potencial estresse hídrico) dos quatro clones durante 1 ano, entre 1,5 e 2,5 anos. Independentemente do material genético, quanto maior a produtividade madeireira atingida, maior o potencial hídrico foliar. Os plantios mais adensados (2.949 plantas ha-1) geraram povoamentos 39% mais produtivos, no entanto, o potencial estresse hídrico chegou a atingir 33% acima do plantio menos adensado (591 plantas ha-1). No segundo capítulo, durante o mesmo período, avaliou-se a eficiência do uso da água, que não variou conforme a mudança de densidade de plantio, mas apresentou diferença entre os genótipos, com EUA de 2,3, 2,2 e 1,5 g L-1 para os clones Urograndis, Urophylla e Grancam, respectivamente, na densidade de 1.424 plantas ha-1. Por fim, o terceiro capítulo avaliou durante dois anos, entre 1,7 e 3,7 anos, a transpiração (T), evaporação do solo (Es) e interceptação de água pela copa (Ei), que somados compunham e evapotranspiração (ET). A subtração da precipitação (P) da ET resultou no balanço hídrico do solo (BHS). O BHS foi positivo ou próximo de zero para os dois clones avaliados (Urograndis1 e Grancam) quando a densidade de plantio foi inferior ou igual a 1.028 árvores ha-1. No plantio mais adensado, o balanço foi de -25%. Estes estudos demonstram que: a maior produtividade madeireira acarreta em maior potencial estresse hídrico, gerando um claro dilema entre a produção e a sobrevivência dos plantios. No entanto, o estudo detalhado dos materiais genéticos releva que há possibilidades de incremento na eficiência do uso da água sem que ocorra o aumento no uso da água, trazendo um maior compartilhamento da água na escala da microbacia. Por fim, plantios acima de 1.028 árvores ha-1 resultaram em um balanço hídrico do solo negativo médio de -25% no pico do crescimento. Em conjunto, o presente trabalho releva que o espaçamento associado a materiais genéticos específicos, podem servir como ferramenta na busca pelo equilíbrio entre a produção madeireira e a conservação de recursos naturais.
13

Blattwasserzustand und Wasserumsatz von vier Buchenwäldern entlang eines Niederschlagsgradienten in Mitteldeutschland / Leaf Water Relations and Stand Transpiration of four Beech Forests across a Precipitation Gradient in Central Germany

Schipka, Florian 29 January 2003 (has links)
No description available.
14

Avaliação fisiológica da aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) sob déficit hídrico com vista para o reflorestamento

SILVA, Maria Alice Vasconcelos da 30 August 2007 (has links)
Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-08-31T10:53:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Alice Vasconcelos da Silva (1).pdf: 762537 bytes, checksum: c100c2c556639aa3d440082da1ef7bb5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-31T10:53:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Alice Vasconcelos da Silva (1).pdf: 762537 bytes, checksum: c100c2c556639aa3d440082da1ef7bb5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work aimed to study the effect of water deficit on gas exchange, leaf water potential, dry matter production, and some biochemical aspects of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi. young plants. A research project was developed, under greenhouse conditions, at the Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Departamento of Biologia of Universidade Rural de Pernambuco between November, 2005 to February, 2006. Seedlings with 3 month-old and sexually propagated were cultivated in containers containing 5.5 kg of soil. The entirely randomized experimental design was used, with four water treatments (100%, 75%, 50% and 25% to field capacity-FC), with four replicates. Plants under 25% FC were re-watered to 100% FC once after stomatal closure. After 15 days of acclimation period have started the water treatments. The experimental period lasted for 74 days. Transpiration (E), diffusive resistance (Rs), leaf temperature (Tfol), air temperature (Tar), relative humidity of the air (UR), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) were evaluated at midday each seven days. At the end of the experimental period, leaf water potential (Yf) was measured at midday. Leaves (LDM), stems (SDM), roots (RDM), and total dry masses (TDM), root to shoot ratio (R/Sh), and leaves (LBA), stems (SBA) and roots biomass allocation (RBA) were determined. In addition, carbohydrates, free proline, soluble protein and free amino acids contents were analyzed. In plants under 25% field capacity, stomatal closure was observed after 11 days of water treatments. At the time plants were re-watered to 100% FC. After 24 h plants re-watered recovered the stomatal aperture, which remained open until the end of the experimental period. Water deficit decreased the leaf water potential (Yf) in plants grown at 25% FC (-2.2 MPa) when compared with the 100% FC treatment (-1.1 MPa). Plants grown under 75% FC producted higher LDM, SDM and RDM than the other treatments. Differences among treatments to biomass allocation were not observed, but there was a tendency to plants grown under 25% of FC to increase more biomass allocation than the other treatments. The water stress reduced carbohydrates contents and increased soluble protein and amino acids. However, differences to proline content were not verified among water treatments. These results suggest that this species is tolerate to low humidity levels in the soil and that the level of 75% of FC is the best to cultivate it in the initial fase of development. / Com o objetivo de estudar os efeitos do déficit hídrico sobre as trocas gasosas, o potencial hídrico foliar, a produção de matéria seca e alguns aspectos bioquímicos de plantas jovens de Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, foi desenvolvido um trabalho em casa de vegetação do Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal do Departamento de Biologia da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, no período de novembro de 2005 a fevereiro de 2006. Utilizaram-se mudas com três meses de idade, propagadas sexuadamente, as quais foram transferidas para vasos de polietileno contendo 5,5 kg de solo. Adotou-se um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, representado por quatro tratamentos hídricos (100% da Capacidade de pote; 75% CP; 50% CP; 25% CP) com quatro repetições. Após 15 dias sob aclimatação, procedeu-se o início dos tratamentos hídricos. Durante o período experimental foram efetuadas medições das trocas gasosas do vapor d’água às 12 horas em intervalos de 7 dias. Avaliou-se a transpiração (E), a resistência difusiva (Rs), a temperatura foliar (Tf), a temperatura do ar (Tar), a umidade relativa do ar (UR), a radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (RFA) e o déficit de pressão de vapor (DPV). No final do período experimental foi mensurado o potencial de água da folha (Yf) às 12 horas e determinado o peso da matéria seca das folhas (MSF), dos caules (MSC), das raízes (MSR), a matéria seca total (MST), a relação raiz/parte aérea (R/Pa) e a alocação de biomassa para as folhas (ABF), caules (ABC) e para as raízes (ABR). Além disso, foram analisados os teores de carboidratos, de prolina livre, proteínas solúveis e aminoácidos livres. O fechamento estomático ocorreu em plantas submetidas a 25% CP, aos 11 dias após a diferenciação dos tratamentos hídricos quando as plantas foram reirrigadas para 100% CP. Após 24 horas houve recuperação da abertura estomática mantendo-se até o final do experimento. O déficit hídrico reduziu o potencial hídrico foliar (Yf) nas plantas do tratamento estresse moderado (–2,2 MPa) quando comparado com o controle (-1,1 MPa). As plantas do tratamento 75% CP se destacaram em relação aos demais tratamentos, por produzirem mais matéria seca para as folhas (MSF), caule (MSC) e raízes (MSR). Com relação à alocação de biomassa, não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos, porém houve uma tendência do tratamento 25% CP alocar mais biomassa para do que os demais tratamentos. Em relação aos solutos orgânicos, o déficit hídrico provocou reduções nos teores de carboidratos e aumento no teor de proteínas e aminoácidos, não havendo diferença entre os tratamentos para os teores de prolina. Os resultados sugerem que a aroeira é tolerante a baixos níveis de umidade no solo e que o nível de 75%CP é o mais indicado para o cultivo desta espécie na fase de muda.
15

Influência da disponibilidade hídrica no crescimento inicial do cafeeiro conilon. / nfluence of the water readiness in the initial growth of the coffee plant conilon.

Dardengo, Maria Christina Junger Delôgo 24 February 2006 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:37:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Maria Christina Junger.pdf: 2116125 bytes, checksum: a838fb12301a6580f6dc47358feed2c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-24 / The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the soil humidity in the field capacity in the tensions of 0,006 MPa (FC1), 0,010 MPa (FC2) and 0,033 MPa (FC3) and of different levels of water deficits (WD 0%, WD 33% and WD 67%) in the initial growth of the coffee plant conilon and in the leaf water potential measured in the anti-morning, in a Red-Yellow Oxisol (OR) and Red-Yellow Ultisol (URY). The experiment was let vegetation home, being cultivated the plants in vases of 12 liters during 255 days. The adopted experimental design was randomized entirely, mounted in outline of subdivided portions, with three repetitions for each soil. The growth evaluations were achieved each 60 days and the analyzed data by the surface technique of answering. The tenor of soil humidity in the field capacity varies with the adopted tension in its determination. The growth of the coffee plant conilon in WD 0% was higher to the obtained in the water deficits of 33% and 67% of OR and URY. The largest growth of the culture was observed in FC2 of OR and in FC1 of URY. The smallest growth was obtained in the water deficits of the certain field capacity in the tension of 0,033 MPa (FC3) of OR and URY, what unfeasible its adoption in the estimate of the irrigation sheet, being used the camera of pressure of Richards. The x leaf water potential anti-morning (Ψam) showed to be a good indicator of the degree of hydration of the plants. The largest hydration to foliate was observed in WD 0%, being in CC2 for OR (Ψam = -0,17 MPa), being the water kept by the soil to a potential matric (Ψm) of -0,010 MPa and in CC1 for URY (Ψam = -0,33 MPa), which Ψm was the -0,006 MPa. To smallest hydration happened in WD 67% and in the FC3, also for OR (Ψam = -0,68 MPa) as for URY (Ψam = -1,3 MPa), being the water kept of Ψm of -0,20 MPa, for both soils. In WD 33% and WD 67% in the levels of the capacity of field of OR and URY, they were verified a reduction in the values leaf area, height and diameter of the stem of the plants. The accumulation of total dry matter and leaf water potential anti-morning observed in OR were superior to the of URY, in all of the levels of the field capacity and water deficits, resulting in the larger initial growth of the coffee plant conilon in this soil. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da umidade do solo na capacidade de campo determinada nas tensões de 0,006 MPa (CC1), 0,010 MPa (CC2) e 0,033 MPa (CC3) e de diferentes níveis de déficits hídricos (DH 0%, DH 33% e DH 67%), no crescimento inicial do cafeeiro conilon e no potencial hídrico foliar medido na antemanhã, em um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo (LV) e Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo (PVA). O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, cultivando-se as plantas em vasos de 12 litros durante 255 dias. O delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente casualizado, distribuído em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições para cada solo. As avaliações de crescimento foram realizadas a cada 60 dias e os dados analisados pela técnica de superfície de resposta. O teor de umidade do solo na capacidade de campo varia com a tensão adotada em sua determinação. O crescimento do cafeeiro conilon em DH 0% foi superior aos obtidos nos déficits hídricos de 33% e 67% do LV e do PVA. O maior crescimento da cultura foi observado na CC2 do LV e na CC1 do PVA. O menor crescimento foi obtido nos déficits hídricos da capacidade de campo determinada na tensão de 0,003 MPa (CC3) do LV e do PVA, o que inviabiliza a sua viii adoção na estimativa da lâmina de irrigação, utilizando-se a câmara de pressão de Richards. O potencial hídrico foliar antemanhã (Ψam) mostrou-se bom indicador do grau de hidratação das plantas. A maior hidratação foliar foi observada em DH 0%, sendo para o LV na CC2 (Ψam= -0,17 MPa), estando a água retida pelo solo a um potencial matricial (Ψm) de -0,010 MPa, e para o PVA na CC1 (Ψam = -0,33 MPa), cujo Ψm foi de -0,006 MPa. A menor hidratação ocorreu em DH 67% na CC3 tanto para o LV (Ψam = -0,68 MPa) como para o PVA (Ψam = -1,30 MPa), estando a água retida a um Ψm de -0,20 MPa, para ambos os solos. Em DH 33% e DH 67% nos níveis de capacidade de campo do LV e do PVA, foram verificadas reduções nos valores da área foliar, altura e diâmetro do caule das plantas. O acúmulo de matéria seca total e potencial hídrico foliar antemanhã observados no LV foram superiores aos do PVA, em todos os níveis de capacidade de campo e déficits hídricos, resultando em maior crescimento inicial do cafeeiro conilon, neste solo.
16

Determining and Comparing Hydraulic Behavior among Trees with Differing Wood Types in a Temperate Deciduous Forest

Bryant, Kelsey N. 25 May 2021 (has links)
No description available.
17

Physiological effects of drought on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)

Butler, Tony January 2008 (has links)
The Canterbury plains are frequently exposed to summer drought and climate predictions forecast that the severity and frequency of summer drought will increase. The most commonly used pasture grass, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), is drought sensitive. One possible method to maintain sward dry matter (DM) production under water stress is to use an alternative grass species such as tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). The objective of this research was to compare summer DM production of monoculture swards of perennial ryegrass and tall fescue under various seasonal drought regimes to study physiological and biochemical drought responses of each species. Data were collected over a period of two-summer seasons, Season One (2006-2007) and Season Two (2007-2008) in an automated rain shelter at Lincoln, Canterbury. Drought treatments included exposure of plants to a spring or autumn drought or a four-weekly "irrigated" drought regime. DM yields of the two species were similar under each watering regime. The control treatment, under non-limiting conditions, has the highest accumulated yield in both Season One and Two for ryegrass (17.1 and 15.7 t DM ha⁻¹) and tall fescue (18.8 and 16.0 t DM ⁻¹) respectively. Spring and autumn drought treatments were similar for the two species in accumulated yield in either season, however the exposure to drought stress returned yields lower than the control. Consistently, the lowest-yielding treatment was the four-weekly irrigated drought, which resulted in an average yield across species in Season One of 10.1 t DM ha⁻¹ and 8.35 t DM ha⁻¹ in Season Two. Growth rates of the swards were calculated using accumulated DM production against accumulated thermal time using a base temperature of 3°C for both species. The control treatments showed a strong linear relationship for both species in both seasons, though Season Two showed a period of approximately 390 °Cd of no growth. Spring growth was similar for all treatments until October when both the spring drought and four-weekly irrigated treatment deviated from the control as water stress commenced. Growth also ceased under autumn drought later in the season. The physiological drought responses between species and among treatments differed. Tall fescue under control conditions had the highest photosynthesis rates of 20.5 µmol CO₂ m⁻² s⁻¹,or 22% higher than ryegrass, whereas the four-weekly irrigated treatment showed no inter-species differences. Differences were also found for other gas exchange parameters. Physiological water use efficiency (phys WUE) in ryegrass was 15% greater than tall fescue in Season Two. Photosynthesis and gas exchange rates against leaf water potential showed declining gas flow in both species across all treatments in response to drying soil conditions and across all irrigation treatments. The osmo-protectant proline was 22% higher in concentration in ryegrass than in tall fescue in Season Two and increased in drought stressed treatments in both seasons. Water stress was found to reduce total chlorophyll concentrations in all treatments and in tall fescue, while little change occurred in the chlorophyll a:b ratio. In conclusion, the findings from this thesis suggest similar DM responses for the two species under drought. The findings suggests that tall fescue performs more as a "water user" under drought conditions, compared with perennial ryegrass, which is more a "water saver." Resonses to the changing environment to a point, before "shuttting up shop" through lower stomatal conductance.
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Zur zukünftigen Rolle der Buche (Fagus sylvatica L.) in der natürlichen Vegetation - waldökologische Untersuchungen zur Buchen-Naturverjüngung an der östlichen Buchenwald-Verbreitungsgrenze / The future role of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in natural vegetation – forest ecological studies of beech natural regeneration at its eastern distribution boundary

Czajkowski, Tomasz 29 September 2006 (has links)
No description available.

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