Os Métodos Ágeis surgiram no final da década de 90, como uma alternativa aos métodos prescritivos de desenvolvimento de software. Eles propõem uma nova abordagem de desenvolvimento, eliminando gastos com documentação excessiva e burocrática, enfatizando a interação entre as pessoas e as atividades que efetivamente trazem valor ao cliente. Nos últimos anos, diversos princípios e práticas baseados na indústria de manufatura foram incorporadas pelos Métodos Ágeis de desenvolvimento de software. Um dos princípios absorvidos é o de melhorar a eficácia de uma organização através de melhorias globais. Embora este princípio seja bem difundido nos Métodos Ágeis, utilizá-lo não é uma tarefa fácil. Nem sempre é fácil ter uma visão global do processo de desenvolvimento. Além disso, para realizar melhorias globais é necessário descobrir a causa para possíveis problemas, o que também pode ser uma tarefa difícil. Esse trabalho investiga duas abordagens da indústria de manufatura que enxergam uma organização como um sistema no qual todas as partes são inter-relacionadas. Com base nelas, três abordagens de desenvolvimento de software existentes são analisadas. Finalmente, um estudo comparativo foi feito para avaliar as principais características dos métodos de desenvolvimento estudados. Esse estudo estende o trabalho feito por Abrahamssom et al., no livro Agile Software Development: Current Research and Future Directions, avaliando o desempenho dos métodos seguindo o arcabouço proposto pelos mesmos autores. / Agile methods appeared in the late 90\'s as an alternative approach to the classic prescriptive planning approaches to software development. They propose a new style of development, eliminating excessive and bureaucratic documentation, and emphasizing the interactions between people collaborating to achieve high productivity and deliver high-quality software. In the last few years, several principles and practices based on the manufacturing industry were incorporated by Agile software development. One of the principles absorbed is to improve the effectiveness of an organization through an overall improvement. Although this principle is quite widespread in Agile Methods, using it is not an easy task. It is not easy to get the big picture of the development process. Moreover, to achieve overall improvements is necessary to discover the cause of possible problems, which can also be a difficult task. This work investigates two approaches in the manufacturing industry that shares the assumption that the whole organization is focused on overall throughput, not on micro-optimization. Based on then, three approaches to existing software development are analyzed. Finally, a comparative study was done to assess the main characteristics of the studied methods. This study extends the work done by Abrahamssom et al. In the book Agile Software Development: Current Research and Future Directions, evaluating the performance of the methods following the framework proposed by the same authors.

Os Métodos Ágeis surgiram no final da década de 90, como uma alternativa aos métodos prescritivos de desenvolvimento de software. Eles propõem uma nova abordagem de desenvolvimento, eliminando gastos com documentação excessiva e burocrática, enfatizando a interação entre as pessoas e as atividades que efetivamente trazem valor ao cliente. Nos últimos anos, diversos princípios e práticas baseados na indústria de manufatura foram incorporadas pelos Métodos Ágeis de desenvolvimento de software. Um dos princípios absorvidos é o de melhorar a eficácia de uma organização através de melhorias globais. Embora este princípio seja bem difundido nos Métodos Ágeis, utilizá-lo não é uma tarefa fácil. Nem sempre é fácil ter uma visão global do processo de desenvolvimento. Além disso, para realizar melhorias globais é necessário descobrir a causa para possíveis problemas, o que também pode ser uma tarefa difícil. Esse trabalho investiga duas abordagens da indústria de manufatura que enxergam uma organização como um sistema no qual todas as partes são inter-relacionadas. Com base nelas, três abordagens de desenvolvimento de software existentes são analisadas. Finalmente, um estudo comparativo foi feito para avaliar as principais características dos métodos de desenvolvimento estudados. Esse estudo estende o trabalho feito por Abrahamssom et al., no livro Agile Software Development: Current Research and Future Directions, avaliando o desempenho dos métodos seguindo o arcabouço proposto pelos mesmos autores. / Agile methods appeared in the late 90\'s as an alternative approach to the classic prescriptive planning approaches to software development. They propose a new style of development, eliminating excessive and bureaucratic documentation, and emphasizing the interactions between people collaborating to achieve high productivity and deliver high-quality software. In the last few years, several principles and practices based on the manufacturing industry were incorporated by Agile software development. One of the principles absorbed is to improve the effectiveness of an organization through an overall improvement. Although this principle is quite widespread in Agile Methods, using it is not an easy task. It is not easy to get the big picture of the development process. Moreover, to achieve overall improvements is necessary to discover the cause of possible problems, which can also be a difficult task. This work investigates two approaches in the manufacturing industry that shares the assumption that the whole organization is focused on overall throughput, not on micro-optimization. Based on then, three approaches to existing software development are analyzed. Finally, a comparative study was done to assess the main characteristics of the studied methods. This study extends the work done by Abrahamssom et al. In the book Agile Software Development: Current Research and Future Directions, evaluating the performance of the methods following the framework proposed by the same authors.

Incubators have become a popular way for corporations to stay in front of their competition because,y pos today´s startups are an immense spring of innovation as many possess emerging innovation. These corporate incubators offer the startups a support system where they can test and leapfrog their innovations, and add innovation to the corporations. However, there is a large difference between these two parties, which makrs successful collaboration a challenge.  This study examines how to improve this collaboration based on information obtained through an embedded case study of a large corporate incubator and startups present within it. The main findings suggest three important factors for a large enterprise to gain the most value out of their incubators: (1) clear communication, (2) startups need to know what their  objective is, and (3) incubator support from the organization. To leverage startup innovation in a corporate incubator and to attain these three factors, three building blocks for a corporate incubator have been identified: selection process, case building, and graduation. / Inkubatorer har blivit ett populärt sätt för företag att vara konkurrenskraftiga eftersom dagens startups är en enorm källa av innovation. Dessa företagsinkubatorer erbjuder startups ett supportsystem där de kan testa och accelerera deras innovationsprocess och erbjuda innobation till företagen. Men, det är emellertid en stor skillnad mellan dessa två parter, vilket gör ett framgångsrikt samarbete till en utmaning.  Denna studie undersöker hur man kan förbättra detta samarbete baserat på information som erhållits genom en fallstudie av en stor företagsinkubator och dess startups. Resultatet av denna fallstudie är tre viktiga faktorer som behövs för att ett företag ska få ut det mesta av deras inkubator. (1) Tydlig kommunikation, (2) medvetenhet från startups av vad de behöver och (3) inkbatorstöd från hela företaget. För att utnyttja den innovation som startups tillför och för att uppnå dessa tre faktorer, tre delar av processen för en företafsinkubator identifierades: Urvalsprocessen, sammarbetsfasen och examen.

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Atualmente as organizações enfrentam grandes desafios como por exemplo a necessidade de reduzir o ciclo de vida de produtos e serviços, enfrentar exigências de qualidade superiores, menores tempo de desenvolvimento e menores custos de produção, devendo buscar a excelência produtiva mas, contraditoriamente também sendo cobradas pelo desenvolvimento de inovações e pela busca de maior agilidade. Neste cenário verifica-se o aumento na importância das startups, organizações que exploram novas oportunidades no mercado e que apresentam grande potencial para geração de inovações radicais. Apesar do aumento da sua relevância, ainda existem poucos modelos elaborados e validados, capazes de auxiliar estas organizações em seu processo inicial de estruturação de operação. Como consequência, atualmente as startups podem adotar técnicas inadequadas à sua realidade, reconhecidamente burocráticas, inflexíveis e pouco inovadoras. Buscando reduzir esta lacuna de conhecimento este estudo propõe um Framework Cíclico que visa contribuir com as startups em seu processo de geração e refinamento de conceitos e na estruturação inicial da sua operação, tendo como objetivo facilitar o atingimento do sucesso. Para o seu desenvolvimento inicialmente foi realizada ampla revisão bibliográfica, resultando numa primeira versão do Framework. Esta versão foi utilizada para a realização de dois estudos de caso que, em conjunto com a qualificação, resultou em alterações no seu layout porém manteve suas características essenciais. Uma segunda versão do Framework Cíclico foi avaliada em um painel que contou com a participação de 8 especialistas em startups, profissionais conceituados cujas observações foram analisadas utilizando de Análise Qualitativa, resultando numa mudança de etapa no Framework, incorporando o Canvas do Value Proposition Design e algumas contribuições no detalhamento das etapas. Com a terceira versão do Framework estruturada foi realizada uma survey que contou com a participação de 88 empreendedores de startups consideradas de sucesso. Para isto, de forma a estabelecer a amostra da pesquisa foram selecionadas startups com existência de mais de um ano, já aceleradas ou em processo de aceleração em aceleradoras brasileiras. Os resultados obtidos foram trabalhados com aplicação de Análise Qualitativa e Análise Fatorial e, como resultados, ocorreu a mudança de posicionamento de uma etapa, além da contribuições que destacam alguns pontos de atenção no desenvolvimento das diferentes etapas. Assim, foi obtida a versão final do Framework Cíclico, correspondendo ao objetivo proposto para este estudo, auxiliar na geração e refinamento de conceitos e estruturação da operação inicial de negócios inovadores. / Currently organizations face major challenges such as the need to reduce product and service life cycles, to obtain higher quality standards and lower production costs, aiming to obtain excellence in production but, contradictorily, aiming to develop significant innovations and to foster more agility. In this scenario it is possible to observe the growing importance of startups, emerging companies that explore new market opportunities and have big potential for the generation of radical innovations. Despite the increase of their relevance, until now there are few structured and validated models, capable of contributing with these organizations in their initial phases. As a consequence, currently startups can only adopt techniques that are inadequate to their reality since they are bureaucratic, inflexible and little innovative. Aiming to reduce this gap of knowledge, this research proposes a Cyclic Framework that aims to contribute with the startups in their process of generation and refinement of concepts and in the initial structuration of its operation, in order to facilitate the achievement of success. For the development of the first version an extensive literature review was performed. This version of the Framework was applied in two case studies that, in conjunction with the qualification, resulted in changes in the layout of the Framework but maintained its essencial characteristics. This second version of the Cyclic Framework was evaluated in a panel that counted with the participation of 8 specialists in startups, recognized professionals whose observations have been analyzed with the application of qualitative analysis. As a result a stage changed in Framework, including Canvas of Value Proposition Design and some other contributions were incorporated into the detailed steps of the Framework. Considering this third version of the Framework structured and validated, a final survey was performed and 88 entrepreneurs of startups participated. The sample for this research was selected at startups with existence of more than one year, that are already accelerated or in acceleration process at Brazilian accelerators. The obtained results were analyzed with the application of Qualitative Analysis and quantitative Factor Analysis and, as results, there was a change in the position of a step and the improvement of points of attention in the development of different steps. As a result the final version of the Cyclic Framework was developed and the main objective of this study was obtained, the development of a tool to contribute in the generation and improvement of concepts and structuring in the initial operation of innovative businesses.

Este trabalho baseia-se na minha experiência como um dos fundadores da Oxiot, startup que monitora consumo de oxigênio medicinal por paciente via Internet das Coisas. O problema de pesquisa é \"Como desenvolvemos uma startup de hardware em saúde no Brasil do hackathon ao primeiro cliente\", que se desdobra em três perguntas sobre a literatura de startups de hardware, a trajetória da Oxiot e suas contribuições. Este estudo é de natureza longitudinal e compreende de setembro de 2015 a agosto de 2017. O método utilizado foi o de Pesquisa-Ação, estruturado em 4 Ciclos, compostos por \"Planejar\", \"Agir & Observar\" e \"Refletir\". Os procedimentos de pesquisase baseiam em ProcessStudies. Os dados soft e hard coletadossão dispostos em Narrativa Estratégia e Visual Mapping, e analisados quantitativa e qualitativamente. Buscou-se neutralizar a tendência de parcialidade do pesquisador pela ponderação comterceiros. Foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica na Web of Science, Google Acadêmico e Google. Foram triadas 247 obras, das quais, 8 selecionadas, às quais duas adicionadas por indicação ao autor. Das 10 totais analisadas, 3 classificam-se como Modelos de desenvolvimento de startup; 4, como Modelos de desenvolvimento de Modelos de Negócio; e 3, como Modelos de Referências para startups de hardware. Concluiu-se não haver um Modelo específico parastartup dehardware, apesar de haver conceitos aplicáveisna literatura geral. A formatação do produto e do Modelo de negócios foi estimulada por 36 eventos, majoritariamente relacionados aos subcomponentes Sistema de Gestão e de Inovação Aberta. O comparativo entre a experiência da Oxiote 5 literaturas resultou em 66 pontos; sendo 30 confirmações e 36 contribuições; sumarizados no Manifesto Oxiot, que declara as lições aprendidas em Sistema de Gestão e em cinco Estratégias Funcionais. Adicionalmente, foram elencadas 7 contribuições à prática, como ferramentas de gestão etécnicas de investimento, incluindo Modalidades de Investimento Corporação-Startups; edesenvolvidos dois cases, um sobre a atuação da GE Ventures, e outro, como caso de ensino, sobre valuatione investimento emstartupsearlystage. Conclui-se que este trabalho cumpriu seu propósitoe trouxe resultados além do escopo inicial, contribuindo à prática, teoria e ensino de empreendedorismo. Sugere-se que as \"estratégias funcionais\" possam ser o elemento conciliador faltante entre Modelos de desenvolvimento de startups, práticas em hardware e estratégia; e estas podem embasar umaliteratura específica para hardware. Hipótese que fica como sugestão de pesquisa futura. / This work is based in my experience as one of the founders of Oxiot, startup that monitors medical oxygen consumption per patient trough Internet of Things. The research problem is \"how we developed a hardware startup in Brazil since the Hackathon to the first client\", which unfolds in three questions about the hardware startups literature, Oxiot journey and its contributions. This is a longitudinal study conduct from September 2015 to August 2017. The method employed is Action Research, structured in four cycles, composed by \"Plan\", \"Act & Observe\" and \"Reflect\". The research procedures are based on Process Studies. The hard and soft data collected is displayed using Strategy Narrative and Visual Mapping, and then analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. It was sought to neutralize the tendency of the researcher\'s partiality by weighting with third parties. A bibliographic search was conducted in the Web of Science, Google Scholar and Google. 247 works were screened, of which 8 were selected, to which two were added by indication to the author. Of the total 10 analyzed, 3 were classified as Startup Development Models; 4, such as Business Model Development Models; and 3, as Reference Models for Hardware Startups. It was concluded that there is no specific model for hardware startup, although there are applicable concepts from the general literature. The product and the business model formation were stimulated by 36 events, mostly related to the Management System and Open Innovation Subcomponents of the Business Model. The comparison between the Oxiot experience and 5 literatures resulted in 66 notes; being 30 confirmations and 36 contributions; which were summarized in the Oxiot Manifesto, which states the lessons learned in Management System and in five Functional Strategies. In addition, 7 contributions to the practice were listed, such as management tools and investment techniques, including Corporation-Startups Investment Models; and two cases were developed, one about GE Ventures actuation, and another, as a study case, about valuation and investment in early stage startups based on real events. It is concluded that this work fulfilled its purpose and brought results beyond the initial scope, contributing to the practice, theory and teaching of entrepreneurship. It is suggested that \"functional strategies\" could be the conciliatory element missing between startup development models, hardware practices and strategic management; and they could be the base for a specific hardware startup literature. Hypotheses that stands as a suggestion of future research.

Background: There is an increasing amount of arguments made that new business models are the solution when companies and industries face radical changes in the environment. To be able to prosper in the long run, organizations must reinvent themselves over and over again. Many authors (e.g. Abernathy & Utterback, 1978; Christensen, 1997; Kim & Mauborgne, 2005; Ries, 2011) claim that big, radical, reconfigurations are needed in order to prosper in the long-term. Theories, concepts and framework have been developed to answer how this reconfiguration should happen within organizations. However, the concepts derived are just parts of the solution, and none take a holistic approach, trying to cover them in a practical framework that could be used by organizations. Aim: The aim of the thesis is to propose a framework that enables organizations to systemize their innovation processes, making them flexible enough to repetitively seize opportunities through business model innovation where new value can be created and captured. The proposed framework aims to enable organizations to start discussing how they should create and capture new value and give them a more pragmatic view on the innovation process. It also aims to act as a starting point for future research. Methodology: The thesis follows March & Smith’s (1995) design science methodology in order to build and evaluate the framework. This is done in three steps; first by building a model from theory. Second, the emergence of business models in three different case companies are compared and investigated qualitatively. Lastly the model and the factors derived from the data are contrasted and a framework is built and evaluated. Findings & Conclusion: The basis of the derived framework proposes for big steps to change, and create and capture new value; analyze the basis of competition in the macro and micro environment, analyze and experiment with different non-customer tiers, experiment with the creation of value and experiment and analyze the capture of the value created. More tangible tools are proposed for each of these steps. Actually testing the framework and further evaluating and theorizing of the framework is proposed as future research directions.

Most Software Startups fail to establish a working business model. One of the main reasons is that they fail to validate their hypothesis and neglect to learn from their customers. Therefore, Software Startups are supposed to continuously adjust their direction to achieve product-market fit. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of customer feedback in the context of Software Startups during the decision to pivot. Thus, the central research question of this thesis is: What role does customer feedback play when a Software Startup decides to pivot? By living up to the values of a pragmatic research philosophy this qualitative study used nine semi-structured interviews with experts from the relevant field. Afterwards, these insights have been placed into the four stages of the Early Stage Software Startup Development Model (ESSSDM) funnel. This study showed that customer feedback plays a crucial role when a Software Startup decides to pivot. However, the interviewees revealed that it is essential how customer feedback is perceived and used for the product development. Furthermore, customer feedback was not perceived as the only crucial triggering factor, but an element of a broader set.

Atualmente as organizações enfrentam grandes desafios como por exemplo a necessidade de reduzir o ciclo de vida de produtos e serviços, enfrentar exigências de qualidade superiores, menores tempo de desenvolvimento e menores custos de produção, devendo buscar a excelência produtiva mas, contraditoriamente também sendo cobradas pelo desenvolvimento de inovações e pela busca de maior agilidade. Neste cenário verifica-se o aumento na importância das startups, organizações que exploram novas oportunidades no mercado e que apresentam grande potencial para geração de inovações radicais. Apesar do aumento da sua relevância, ainda existem poucos modelos elaborados e validados, capazes de auxiliar estas organizações em seu processo inicial de estruturação de operação. Como consequência, atualmente as startups podem adotar técnicas inadequadas à sua realidade, reconhecidamente burocráticas, inflexíveis e pouco inovadoras. Buscando reduzir esta lacuna de conhecimento este estudo propõe um Framework Cíclico que visa contribuir com as startups em seu processo de geração e refinamento de conceitos e na estruturação inicial da sua operação, tendo como objetivo facilitar o atingimento do sucesso. Para o seu desenvolvimento inicialmente foi realizada ampla revisão bibliográfica, resultando numa primeira versão do Framework. Esta versão foi utilizada para a realização de dois estudos de caso que, em conjunto com a qualificação, resultou em alterações no seu layout porém manteve suas características essenciais. Uma segunda versão do Framework Cíclico foi avaliada em um painel que contou com a participação de 8 especialistas em startups, profissionais conceituados cujas observações foram analisadas utilizando de Análise Qualitativa, resultando numa mudança de etapa no Framework, incorporando o Canvas do Value Proposition Design e algumas contribuições no detalhamento das etapas. Com a terceira versão do Framework estruturada foi realizada uma survey que contou com a participação de 88 empreendedores de startups consideradas de sucesso. Para isto, de forma a estabelecer a amostra da pesquisa foram selecionadas startups com existência de mais de um ano, já aceleradas ou em processo de aceleração em aceleradoras brasileiras. Os resultados obtidos foram trabalhados com aplicação de Análise Qualitativa e Análise Fatorial e, como resultados, ocorreu a mudança de posicionamento de uma etapa, além da contribuições que destacam alguns pontos de atenção no desenvolvimento das diferentes etapas. Assim, foi obtida a versão final do Framework Cíclico, correspondendo ao objetivo proposto para este estudo, auxiliar na geração e refinamento de conceitos e estruturação da operação inicial de negócios inovadores. / Currently organizations face major challenges such as the need to reduce product and service life cycles, to obtain higher quality standards and lower production costs, aiming to obtain excellence in production but, contradictorily, aiming to develop significant innovations and to foster more agility. In this scenario it is possible to observe the growing importance of startups, emerging companies that explore new market opportunities and have big potential for the generation of radical innovations. Despite the increase of their relevance, until now there are few structured and validated models, capable of contributing with these organizations in their initial phases. As a consequence, currently startups can only adopt techniques that are inadequate to their reality since they are bureaucratic, inflexible and little innovative. Aiming to reduce this gap of knowledge, this research proposes a Cyclic Framework that aims to contribute with the startups in their process of generation and refinement of concepts and in the initial structuration of its operation, in order to facilitate the achievement of success. For the development of the first version an extensive literature review was performed. This version of the Framework was applied in two case studies that, in conjunction with the qualification, resulted in changes in the layout of the Framework but maintained its essencial characteristics. This second version of the Cyclic Framework was evaluated in a panel that counted with the participation of 8 specialists in startups, recognized professionals whose observations have been analyzed with the application of qualitative analysis. As a result a stage changed in Framework, including Canvas of Value Proposition Design and some other contributions were incorporated into the detailed steps of the Framework. Considering this third version of the Framework structured and validated, a final survey was performed and 88 entrepreneurs of startups participated. The sample for this research was selected at startups with existence of more than one year, that are already accelerated or in acceleration process at Brazilian accelerators. The obtained results were analyzed with the application of Qualitative Analysis and quantitative Factor Analysis and, as results, there was a change in the position of a step and the improvement of points of attention in the development of different steps. As a result the final version of the Cyclic Framework was developed and the main objective of this study was obtained, the development of a tool to contribute in the generation and improvement of concepts and structuring in the initial operation of innovative businesses.

Detta är en fallstudie där syftet är att med hjälp av The Lean Startup som arbetsmetod öka andelen nya och aktiva medlemmar på en specifik webbsida genom att förbättra användarupplevelsen. The Lean Startup är en iterativ metod som främst syftar till att utveckla nystartade företag och att anpassa produkterna för marknaden. I detta projekt har metoden applicerats på ett designprojekt. Insamlingen av data har skett genom både kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder. De kvantitativa metoderna har fungerat som en kartläggning över målgruppens attityd, men också som ett verktyg för att mäta hur många besökare webbsidan hade innan och efter studien. Kvalitativa utvärderingar har genomförts i olika faser där syftet har varit att undersöka hur målgruppen upplever de designförslag och ändringar som presenterats. Studien visar att det fanns uppenbara problem med den ursprungliga webbsidan vad gäller design och interaktion. Användarupplevelsen av den nya designen. De designåtgärder som vidtagits är bland annat ändring av webbsidans struktur och känsla, ändring av namn på rubriker och verktyg och ändring av bildspråk. Studien visar att strukturförändringarna fungerar och att inga stora problem längre finns. Namnförändringarnahar lett till större förståelse av funktioner och navigation och vad gäller  bildanpassning så har saknaden av bilder minskat. Designen har fått positiv respons och kopplingen till mat och hälsa är tydligare än förut. Utvärderingarna har gett tips och feedback för framtida åtgärder som utvecklarna kan ta till sig av. Arbetsmetoden The Lean Startup har visat sig fungera bra i detta interaktionsdesignprojekt och har gjort att arbetsprocessen effektiviserats och att produkten anpassats till marknaden. / This thesis is a case study in which the aim is to use The Lean Startup as a working method to increase the amount of new and active members of a specific website by improving the user experience. The Lean Startup is an iterative method that primarily aims at developing start-up companies and to adapt its products to the market. In this project, the method has been applied to a design project. Data collection was done by both qualitative and quantitative methods. The quantitative methods have been a survey of the target group’s attitude and an analysis which worked as a tool to measure how many visitors the website had before and after the study. Qualitative evaluations have been carried out in different ways where the aim has been to investigate how the audience experiences the design and the changes that have been presented. The study shows that there were obvious problems with the original website when it comes to design and interaction. The user experience of the new design (placed here when the results are measured). The changes made in the design include the change of structure and feeling of the website, change of names on the titles and tools, and imagery to the new structure. The study shows that the structural change is working and that no major problems longer exists. The change of names has led to greater understanding of the functions and the navigation and for the imagery, has the feeling of lack of images decreased. The design has received positive feedback and the link to food and health is more clear than before. The evaluations have provided advice and feedback for future actions that developers can keep in mind. The Lean Startup has proven to work well in this interaction design project and has made the work more efficient and the product adapted to the market.