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Effects of different salt-enzymes on opening up of collagen fiber bundles for leather makingZhang, Yafei, Tang, Zhenye, Liu, Hui, Ferah, Cem Emre, Tang, Keyong 28 June 2019 (has links)
Content:
Traditional leather industry involves mechanical, chemical and biological processes, and a lot of leather chemicals are widely used annually. In the beamhouse, especially in liming and re-liming, enormous pollution is usually released because of the traditional use of Na2S and lime. Many researchers have devoted to clean production for leather making. In this study, salt-enzyme liming process was studied
in modern leather process to remove the inter-fibrillary matter. Three such salts as Na2SO4, NaCl, and MgCl2 were used with such enzymes as neutral protease and cellulase. The enzyme activity was evaluated by Folin Method. The opening up degree of collagen fiber bundles was observed by SEM and microscopic image of histological staining. The waste water was analyzed. The tannin absorptivity of the samples was evaluated by colorimetry. It was demonstrated that enzyme activity is not affected by salt, but it helps the action of enzymes on hides. Salt might accelerate the penetration of enzymes into the hide to promote the removal of inter-fibrillary and the opening up of collagen fiber bundles. The best fiber opening result was found by SEM at the MgCl2 content of more than 0.4 wt.% in liming. Microscopic observation by histological staining as well as waste water analysis indicated a good removing effect for the inter-fibrillary. This work may provide a cleaner leather making technology.
Take-Away:
1.Salt-enzyme liming process was studied in modern leather process to remove the inter-fibrillary matter.
2.To provide theoretical guidance for the clean production of leather.
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Application of silanes in leather tanningBenvenuti, Jaqueline, Griebeler, S., Dos Santos, J. H. Z., Gutterres, M. 28 June 2019 (has links)
Content:
In order to develop a sustainable and low-cost route for tanning, the stabilization of the collagen fibers of the hides with silica compounds has been investigated for many years. In this context, silica nanoparticles have been studied for application in tanning due to their small size and ability to combine with polymeric substrates. This work investigates the potentialities and limitations of the use of alkoxysilanes in leather tanning, introducing silica nanoparticles in the hides, aim for process and product innovation in leather industry. The synthesis of silica nanoparticles was carried out by a typical sol-gel Stöber process. From the silica precursor tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), ammonium hydroxide as catalyst, ethanol and water, the formation of nanoparticles dispersion takes place. Vegetable tanning process was explored by introducing the silica nanoparticles in this stage starting from pickled cattle hide. Shrinkage temperature, tensile strength, softness and color fastness to light were evaluated in the leather samples. The results achieved show that the tanning experiment with only silica, without other tanning agent, did not reach the minimum shrinkage temperature required to be labeled as tanned leather. Conversely, in the presence of vegetable tannin, the shrinkage temperature reached 80°C. The physical-mechanical properties indicated that the enhanced on the tensile strength of vegetable leathers with nanosilica was about 50% and their softness was not affected by the introduction of silica. A lighter colored leather was generated with silica but less stable to light. The tanning chemistry involving silica nanoparticles and collagen is complex, therefore, more studies are needed to explore the influence of silanes on hide stabilization.
Take-Away:
The physical-mechanical properties indicated an increase on the tensile strength of vegetable leather.
Silica did not affected the softness of the leather.
A lighter colored leather was generated with the addition of the silica nanoparticles in vegetable tanning.
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A Protein based Polymeric Syntan from Leather Waste: Retanning agent for Sustainable Leather ProcessingKanagaraj, James, Panda, R. C., Prasanna, R., Javid, M. 28 June 2019 (has links)
Content:
A copolymer has been synthesized from leather waste and monomer and its application has been studied for improved exhaustion in tanning and post-tanning processes. After synthesizing, the product has been analyzed and found to have particle size of 810 nm, pH of 4.0, relative viscosity of 0.8872 cp, polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) of 0.555 and percent solid as 23%. The weakly anionic character of the copolymer is supported by zeta potential of –0.0403 mV. The stability of the particle was also studied using TGA, DSC. Functional groups of the polymer was analyzed by FT-IR which revealed the presence of
carboxylic acid, amide I & II, hydroxyl groups and ester groups in the product. The product can be used for increasing exhaustion and leather-properties in chrome tanning and post-tanning processes. It improves belly filling, provides fullness, softness and dye exhaustion in post-tanning process. It also shows better fullness and body in chrome tanning processes. The color properties found to be better and strength properties were comparable in experimental leather as compared to conventionally produced leather. This product can be applicable for manufacturing different types of leather where fullness and tightness are necessary. The present process helps in mitigating pollution problem of liquid and solid wastes of leather industry. A cost benefit analysis shows that the process is feasible for up-scaling.
Take-Away:
Synthesis of Co-Polymer from Leather Waste
Application of Co-polymer as retanning agent
Improved Exhaustion & Organoleptic Properties of leather
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The role of knowledge and importance of country-of-origin information in female consumers’ purchase intent of exotic crocodile leather accessoriesChambers, Hanri January 2017 (has links)
The study investigated the role of knowledge (objective knowledge and subjective
knowledge) and the importance of country-of-origin in female consumers’ purchasing intent
of exotic crocodile leather accessories. The study was conducted across South Africa and
specifically concentrated on exotic crocodile leather accessories, which is a subset category
in the luxury apparel industry. Consulta Research is a professional research company and
was consulted to assist with the data collection. A quantitative descriptive approach was
followed by developing an electronic survey design. Data was collected by using a selfadministrated
online questionnaire, which was distributed by a research company. A crosssectional
study was used to conduct the research. The data was collected by means of nonprobability
convenient sampling. A total of 337 questionnaires were completed. Scales from
previous research studies were adapted for the purpose of this study. The questionnaire was
part of a bigger study and only five sections of the questionnaire were relevant to this
specific study. Descriptive and association methods were used to analyse the data. Pearson
correlation and Spearman correlation were used to analyse the data by means of
relationships between variables.
This study attempts to differentiate between consumers’ objective and subjective
knowledge of luxury leather accessories. The construct objective knowledge was
theoretically divided into intrinsic-related attributes and extrinsic-related attributes of the
products of investigation. The relationship between objective knowledge and purchasing
intent as well as the relationship between the importance of country-of-origin information
and purchasing intent of exotic crocodile leather accessories was investigated. The findings
regarding exotic crocodile leather accessories showed that females’ objective and subjective
knowledge is limited, did not seem to find country-of-origin information important, had a
weak purchase intent, and indicated that there was statistical significance only between the
female consumers’ purchasing intent and their objective knowledge regarding the intrinsicrelated
attributes of exotic crocodile leather accessories. The limitations of the study are that the results are based on non-probability convenience
sampling, therefore the findings cannot be generalized to the whole South Africa, or to all
the exotic leather industry markets for affluent consumers. One would have liked to have
approached a population group that consisted of affluent respondents with an annual
household income of more than R100 000. The study’s findings can contribute to the South
African exotic crocodile leather industry and specifically to retailers, manufacturers,
tanneries, and marketers. The findings and conclusions drawn in this study contribute to
existing theory and could serve as the basis for future research in consumer behaviour,
consumer science and the luxury exotic leather industry in South Africa. / Die studie het die rol van produk-kennis (objektiewe kennis en subjektiewe kennis) en die
belangrikheid van inligting aangaande land-van-oorsprong in vroulike verbruikers se
koopintensie met betrekking tot eksotiese krokodilleer-bykomstighede ondersoek. Die
studie is regoor Suid-Afrika uitgevoer, en daar is spesifiek gekonsentreer op eksotiese
krokodilleer-bykomstighede, wat ʼn sub-kategorie in die luukse klerebedryf uitmaak.
Consulta Research is ʼn professionele navorsingsmaatskappy en is geraadpleeg om te help
met die data-insameling. ʼn Kwantitatiewe deskriptiewe benadering is gevolg deur ʼn
elektroniese opname-ontwerp te ontwikkel. Die data is ingesamel deur die gebruik van ʼn
selftoegepaste aanlyn-vraelys, wat deur ʼn navorsingsmaatskappy versprei is. ʼn Dwarssneestudie
is gebruik om die navorsing te doen. Die data is ingesamel deur middel van niewaarskynlikheids-
gerieflikheid-steekproefneming. ʼn Totaal van 337 vraelyste is voltooi.
Skale uit vorige navorsingstudies is aangepas vir die doeleindes van hierdie studie. Die
vraelys het deel gevorm van ʼn groter studie en slegs vyf afdelings van die vraelys het
betrekking op hierdie spesifieke studie. Pearson-korrelasie en Spearman-korrelasie is gebruik
om die data deur middel van die verhoudings tussen veranderlikes te analiseer.
Hierdie studie poog om te onderskei tussen die verbruikers se objektiewe en subjektiewe
produk-kennis van luukse leer-produkte. Die produk wat genavors word se objektiewe kennis
is teoreties onderverdeel in intrinsiek-verwante kenmerke en ekstrinsiek-verwante
eienskappe. Die verhouding tussen objektiewe kennis en koopintensie, asook die verhouding
tussen die belangrikheid van inligting aangaande die land-van-oorsprong en die koopintensie
met betrekking tot eksotiese krokodilleer-bykomstighede is ondersoek. Die bevindinge met
betrekking tot eksotiese krokodilleer-bykomstighede het getoon dat vroulike verbruikers
beperkte objektiewe kennis en subjektiewe kennis beskik, blykbaar nie inligting aangaande
land-van-oorsprong as belangrik beskou nie, ʼn swak koopintensie het, en het aangedui dat
daar statistiese beduidendheid was slegs tussen die vroulike verbruikers se koopintensie en
hul objektiewe kennis aangaande die intrinsiek-verwante eienskappe van eksotiese
krokodilleer-bykomstighede. Die beperkinge van die studie is dat die resultate gebaseer was op nie-waarskynlikheidsgerieflikheidsteekproefneming,
wat beteken dat die bevindings nie veralgemeen kan word
na die hele Suid-Afrika nie, of na al die eksotieseleer-bedryfsmarkte vir welgestelde
verbruikers nie. ʼn Mens sou graag ʼn populasiegroep wou kon bestudeer wat bestaan uit
welgestelde respondente met ʼn jaarlikse huishoudelike inkomste van meer as R100 000. Die
studie se bevindinge kan bydra tot die Suid-Afrikaanse eksotiese krokodilleerbedryf en
spesifiek vir kleinhandelaars, vervaardigers, leerlooierye, en bemarkers. Die bevindinge en
gevolgtrekkings in hierdie studie dra by tot bestaande teorie en kan dien as die basis vir
toekomstige navorsing in verbruikersgedrag, verbruikerswetenskappe en die luukse,
eksotiese leerbedryf in Suid-Afrika. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Consumer Science / MConsumer Science / Unrestricted
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Shoe Le Confort - Dos tacos, un calzadoAlarcón Velásquez , Andrea del Milagro, Barboza Valdivia, Alen Darwin Edison, Cruz Navarrete, Kiara Elaine, Huallanca De La Cruz, Joaquín Gabriel, Izaguirre Malásquez, Gianella 27 November 2019 (has links)
El presente trabajo es un proyecto de negocio, el cual consiste en vender calzados con tacones removibles, los cuales van a contener una plataforma para que las mujeres puedan mantenerse cómodas durante todo el día. Nuestro proyecto lleva por nombre Shoe Le Confort, el cual está dirigido a mujeres entre 18 a 39 años, las cuáles buscan verse mucho más altas y estilizadas. Este calzado, les ayudará a combinar sus diferentes outfits, ya que al adquirir nuestro producto podrán tener dos tipos de diseños diferentes de tacones de manera rápida. Asimismo, con la compra de un calzado Shoe Le Confort las clientas se llevarán de manera adicional un par de tacones, ya sea delgado o gruesos. Asimismo, la presentación de nuestro producto será en bolsas de tela tanto para los zapatos como para los tacones, ya que en nuestras entrevistas nos mencionaron que el empaque mediante cajas hace que ocupe demasiado espacio en sus habitaciones. Con el proyecto esperamos dar a conocer al mercado peruano una buena alternativa de calzado femenino, ya que actualmente en nuestro país no existe ningún modelo de negocio parecido al nuestro. / In this document we present our business project, which consists of selling shoes with removable heels, these have a platform so that women can stay comfortable throughout the day. Our project is called Shoe Le Confort, which is focused aimed at women between 18 and 39, who seek to look much taller and more stylized. This shoe will help you combine your different outfits, because when you buy our product you can have two different types of heel designs. Likewise, with the purchase of a Shoe Le Comfort footwear, clients will additionally wear a pair of heels, either thin or thick. Also, the presentation of our product will be in cloth bags for both shoes and heels, since in our interviews they mentioned that the packaging by boxes makes it take up too much space in their rooms. With the project, we hope to make the Peruvian market a good alternative for women's footwear, since currently there is no business model like ours in Perú. / Trabajo de investigación
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A review of substances reported to cause false positives and negatives in forensic blood identification testsNovelli, Brittany Catherine 26 February 2021 (has links)
Forensic biology encompasses the examination of evidentiary items from crime scenes for biological fluids, often identifying the specific biological fluid present and developing a DNA profile that can be used to link a suspect to a crime. Blood identification consists of visual examination, presumptive tests based on the catalytic activity of hemoglobin, and confirmatory tests based on antigen-antibody interactions. Issues encountered in blood identification include the occurrence of false positive and false negative results. Many causes of these results are well-known but more recently three substances resulting in false negatives with catalytic color tests, chemiluminescent reagents, and immunoassays have been explored. Quebracho extract (a common leather tannin), sodium percarbonate (the main component of detergents containing active oxygen) and vitamin C-containing beverages were all found to produce false negative results at varying degrees with each of the tests mentioned. Increased knowledge of potential negative interfering agents by forensic investigators can help ensure that probative evidence is properly collected and thoroughly analyzed from a crime scene.
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Developing a Components List for a Shoe Repair Kit for Leather Sneakers, Designed for Consumer UseGustafsson, Izabell, Nordholm, Ellen January 2023 (has links)
This thesis is being conducted by two final year Bachelor degree students, collaborating with a Swedish fashion brand producing leather sneakers with the aim to investigate the most common wear and tear of shoes in metropolitan and suburban environments. Shoes are readily known for having a relatively short product lifecycle and with few alternatives to prolong the materials usefulness at the end. Furthermore consumers find that the main problems that make them not want to repair, are mainly financial reasons and a lack of knowledge in repair methods. This study has conducted a survey to gain information of the most common wear and tears regarding shoes in order to meet what the consumers want for products in a repair kit. The study involved a qualitative interview about material expertise about the shoes used in this study with selected and qualified respondents from the fashion brand company. The data collected was sufficient to create a product list for a repair-kit and shows a PU-solution to repair damaged leather, heel patches to repair ripped lining, a cyanoacrylate glue to mend detached/broken outsoles and an informational manual should be the main components for the repair kit. This study is designed to work as a future recommendation specification of requirements to the company this study is collaborating with to prolong the time of usage for the shoes.
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Evolution des rapports sociaux dans l'industrie canadienne du cuir au tournant du 20e siècleFerland, Jacques. January 1985 (has links)
No description available.
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A History of the Involvement of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints in the Tanning Industry in Utah From 1847 to 1973Damron, Paul Edwards 01 January 1973 (has links) (PDF)
This thesis reports the extent of the tanning industry in Utah from 1847 to 1973 and explains the relationship of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints with this industry.The tanning industry was essential to the survival of the pioneer communities in Utah until the coming of the railroad in 1869. Two important factors affecting this industry were external competition and Church support. In fact, the industry survived eastern competition because it was Church-supported. However, all Church support ended in the early 1900's, and except for a few businesses which soon ceased operation, the tanning industry in Utah came to an end. After 1904 all known Utah ventures in the tanning industry ended for a period of time.Some efforts were made to revive this industry in 1934, but they met with negligible success. In 1948 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints commenced a tanning industry which operated successfully and was eventually turned over to private ownership in 1965. Four other privately owned tanneries have since begun in Utah.
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Lessons from Nature and Bioinspired Fabrication: Mosquito Bite and Lotus Leaf Inspired Superliquiphobic LeatherGurera, Dev 24 May 2018 (has links)
No description available.
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