Whole body vibration (WBV) is a technique that has been shown to induce positive blood flow changes, however little is known about the effect of different vibration amplitudes on arterial blood flow. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 2 different amplitudes during an acute bout of WBV on blood flow through the popliteal artery. Methods. Thirty healthy, recreationally active subjects (15 women, 15 men) aged 19-34 years performed two, 10 - minute bouts of vibration at a frequency of 30 Hz and high amplitude (6 mm) or low amplitude (3 mm) in random order after a period of prone rest. Doppler ultrasound was used to assess changes in blood flow. Mean blood flow velocity, peak velocity, end-diastolic velocity, pulsatility index, and resistive index measures were taken immediately before vibration and immediately after. Results. Mean blood flow velocity increased after 10 minutes of WBV. Mean velocity increased more in the 6mm trial (pre= 21.6 ± 4.74 cm/s, post= 25.3 ± 6.11 cm/s) than in the 3mm trial (pre= 22.3 ± 4.33 cm/s, post= 23.5 ± 5.94 cm/s). Peak blood flow velocity increased following 10 minutes of WBV and increased more in the 6mm trial (pre= 37.1 ± 9.78 cm/s, post= 43.7 ± 10.95 cm/s) than in the 3mm trial (pre= 37.8 ± 8.92 cm/s, post= 39.4 ± 10.5 cm/s) following 10 minutes of passive WBV. Pulsatility index also increased significantly following 10 minutes of WBV and increased more in the 6mm trial (pre= 1.639 ± 0.1299, post= 1.729 ± 0.1324) than in the 3mm trial (pre= 1.660 ± 0.1219, post= 1.671 ± 0.1428). No main effects or interactions were observed for resistive index or end diastolic blood flow velocity (P>0.05). Conclusion. Ten minutes of passive WBV increases blood flow velocity. High amplitude (6 mm) produced a more pronounced increase in blood flow than the low amplitude (3 mm). Given the relationship between blood flow velocity and WBV, these results suggest that amplitude plays a role in increasing blood flow and that high amplitude (6 mm) may be more effective than low amplitude (3 mm) in improving circulation to the lower leg. / School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science

In gymnastics, females are often afflicted with lower extremity injuries during the landing phase of a backward rotating skill. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of using a drop landing and backward somersault landing to compare and contrast the kinetic and kinematic differences between the two tasks in order to determine if a drop landing is a suitable representative task to analyze when examining landing injury mechanisms. Eleven female NCAA Division I gymnasts (age 19.3 ± 0.9 yrs; body height 1.66 ± 0.05 m; body mass 61.36 ± 6.02 kg) were recruited to perform drop landings and backward somersaults. Two force plates along with a 3D movement analysis system were used to collect kinetic and kinematic data. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to examine the differences in the variables with the significance level set at 0.05. There were mechanical differences and significance found between the peak vertical ground reaction forces, loading rate, kinetic and kinematic variables in the sagittal and frontal planes during the two tasks. It is evident that results may underestimate the effect of gymnastics landing impacts on risk of lower extremity injury because of the mechanical differences and significance found between the two tasks. / Access to thesis permanently restricted to Ball State community only.

The purpose of this study was to compare the anabolic response to acute running exercise in two different leg muscles in endurance-trained men using two different stable isotope tracers. 6 male subjects (26±2 yr; V02max 63±2 ml•kg-' •min-') performed a 45 min treadmill run at 77±1 % intensity. Infusions of d3-leucine and d5-phenylalanine were used to measure mixed muscle FSR at rest and 24 hr post-exercise. An additional infusion of 10% amino acid solution was added to the post-exercise infusion to maximize the muscle anabolic response. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis (VL) and soleus (SOL) at 2 and 6 hr of the infusion for the measurement of isotope incorporation. Additional muscle biopsies were obtained prior to and 4 hr post-exercise for determination of muscle glycogen use. At rest FSR was similar between the VL and SOL using either tracer (p>0.05). At 24 hr post-exercise FSR was elevated in both muscles, independent of the tracer used (p<0.05). Muscle glycogen was decreased to the same extent in both muscles by -31% at 4 hr post-exercise (p<0.05). These data suggest that the VL and SOL muscles are both stimulated similarly during 45 min of level grade running. Additionally, both muscles respond similarly 24 hr post-exercise, independent of the tracer used for the determination of protein synthesis. / School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science

The aim of this investigation was to compare the acute anabolic and catabolic responses of male and female vastus lateralis (VL) and soleus (SOL) muscles in response to resistance exercise (RE). Muscle biopsies from the VL of 7 males (26±3 y, 75±8 kg) and 7 females (25±3 y, 59±5 kg) were obtained before, and 2 and 6 h after 4 x 7 supine-squat, and 4 x 14 calf-press exercises at maximal effort using inertial ergometry. The mRNA levels of select myogenic (MyoD, myogenin, MRF4), proteolytic (atrogin-1 , MuRF-1), myostatin, and inflammatory (IL-6, -8, -15) genes were quantified using real-time RT-PCR. Male VL vs SOL: The SOL had higher basal mRNA levels of myogenic, proteolytic, and inflammatory genes. After exercise, the myogenic response was similar between the VL and SOL. Both muscles increased MuRF-1 similarly at 2 h, whereas 6 h post-RE proteolytic gene expression (GE) was suppressed in the VL but not in the SOL. The SOL had a reduction in myostatin GE, and a more robust inflammatory response compared to the VL. These findings indicate a more favorable growth response in the VL. Gender comparisons: VL – Basally, the male VL had higher levels of myogenic, proteolytic, myostatin, and inflammatory mRNA compared to the female VL. After exercise, both genders increased myogenic GE similarly. Both genders increased MuRF-1 initially, with females also increasing atrogin-1 and myostatin post-RE. At 6 h, males decreased proteolytic GE to below basal levels. Females also had a greater inflammatory response than males. These findings indicate a greater growth response to RE in the male VL as compared to the female VL. SOL – After exercise, both genders increased myogenic GE in the SOL, but only males increased MyoD expression. Males increased MuRF-1 mRNA but decreased myostatin GE, while females decreased atrogin-1. The inflammatory response was similar between males and females. Despite the modest differences, the net response of the female and male SOL was similar, and indicated a molecular response slightly favorable for growth. / School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science

Darbo tikslas: Vadovaujantis poskerdiminio tyrimo rezultatais nustatyti kalakutų pododermatito, artrito-tendovaginito ir kojų kaulų deformacijų pasireiškimo dažnumą bei įvertinti jų įtaką mėsos kokybei. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti, kaip dažnai pasireiškia kalakutų kojų pakitimai (pododermatitas, artritas-tendovaginitas ir varus-valgus deformacijos). 2. Įvertinti kalakutų kojų pokyčių įtaką M. pectoralis ir M. biceps femoris fizikiniams bei cheminiams rodikliams: baltymų, tarpraumeninių riebalų, biogeninių aminių ir malondialdehido kiekiui, spalvų koordinatėms – šviesumui, raudonumui ir geltonumui. 3. Įvertinti kalakutų kojų pokyčių įtaką M. pectoralis ir M. biceps femoris technologiniams rodikliams: pH48 vertei, pieno rūgšties kiekiui mėsos brendimo laikotarpiu, vandens rišlumo gebai ir virimo nuostoliams. 4. Pritaikyti akustinį spektrometrą, veikiantį trumpųjų impulsų (4,95-35,71 kHz) diapazonu, mėsos kokybei analizuoti, kai yra kojų pakitimai. 5. Įvertinti kalakutų kojų pakyčių įtaką raumenų funkciniams ir morfologiniams rodikliams: 5.1. M. pectoralis ir M. biceps femoris esančių mitochondrijų kvėpavimo greičiui. 5.2. Esant M. pectoralis ir M. biceps femoris histomorfologiniams pakitimams. 6. Įvertinti kalakutų kojų pokyčių įtaką M. pectoralis ir M. biceps femoris ultrastruktūriniams pakitimams – mitochondrijų kiekiui ir miofibrilių irimui. Mėsos įmonės skerdykloje atliktas kalakutų patinų priešskerdiminis ir poskerdiminis tyrimas, kurio metu nustatyta, kaip dažnai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The main objective of the present dissertation is to determine the incidence of pododermathitis, arthritis-tendovaginitis and leg bone deformities in turkeys and to evaluate the influence of leg lesion on the quality of meat based on the post-mortem examination results. Tasks: 1. To determine the incidence of leg lesions in turkeys (pododermathitis, arthritis-tendovaginitis and varus-valgus deformities). 2. To evaluate the impact of turkey leg lesions on the physical and chemical indices of M. pectoralis and M. biceps femoris: content of proteins, intramuscular fat, biogenic amines and malondialdehyde as well as colour coordinates – lightness, redness and yellowness. 3. To evaluate the influence of turkey leg lesions on the technological indices of M. pectoralis and M. biceps femoris: pH48, content of lactic acid during meat maturation, loss on cooking and water holding capacity. 4. To apply acoustic spectrometer operating at short pulses within the range of 4.95 to 35.71 kHz for analysis of meat quality in the cases of leg lesions. 5. To evaluate the influence of turkey leg lesions on the functional and morphological indices: 5.1. Respiration rate of mitochondria of M. pectoralis and M. biceps femoris. 5.2. Histomorphological transformations of M. pectoralis and M. biceps femoris. 6. To evaluate the influence of leg lesions on ultrastructural transformations of M. pectoralis and M. biceps femoris: number of mitochondria and decay of myofibrils. At a slaughter house of meat... [to full text]

No description available.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2003. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.