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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
261

Effekten av antiseptiska och mikrobreducerande förband på svårläkta bensår : en systematisk litteraturstudie

Jakobsson, Vendela January 2017 (has links)
Introduktion En stor del av distriktsköterskans arbetstid utgörs av sårvård. Cirka två procent av befolkningen drabbas någon gång av svårläkta bensår vilket orsakar stort fysiskt och psykiskt lidande för dessa personer. Studier på andra sårtyper visar att användning av antiseptiska och mikrobreducerande förband har en positiv effekt på sårläkning. Denna studie sammanställer studier om effekten av förband med honung, silver, jod, PHMB och DACC på svårläkta bensår. Syfte Att sammanställa studier som undersöker effekten hos antiseptiska och mikrobreducerande förband som används i dagens sjukvård för att behandla svårläkta bensår. Metod Systematisk litteraturstudie. Sökningar gjordes i databaserna PubMed, Cinahl och Cochrane, samt i referenslistor till review studier som framkom vid sökningarna. Efter en urvalsprocess hittades 15 studier som besvarade syftet.   Resultat De inkluderade studierna gav inget entydigt resultat. Honungsförband förbättrade läkningen eller var likvärdigt med standardbehandling i de inkluderade studierna Silverförband hade en positiv effekt på läkningen i övervägande del av de inkluderade studierna. I en studie var ett annat antiseptiskt ämne bättre än silver och i en studie visade sig silverförband vara likvärdigt med standardbehandling. Jodförband visade sig vara likvärdigt med silverförband i fråga om läkning och PHMB-förband var likvärdigt med standardbehandling Slutsats Majoriteten av de inkluderade studierna tyder på att antiseptiska förband har en positiv effekt på sårläkningen hos svårläkta bensår. Då ingen av studierna visade att de undersökta förbanden var sämre än standardbehandling, eller hade negativa effekter på sårläkningen, så är det förenligt med evidensbaserad omvårdnad att använda förbanden på patienter med svårläkta bensår utan risk för att fördröja eller försämra läkningen. / Introduction A considerable part of the district nurse's working time consists of wound care. Approximately two percent of the population will sometime be affected by hard to heal leg ulcers which is the cause of physical as well as psychic suffering for these people. Studies of other wound types shows that the usage of antiseptic and microbe reducing wound dressings have a positive effect on wound healing. This study review studies about the effect of wound dressings with honey, silver, iodine, PHMB and DACC on hard to heal leg ulcers.   Aim To review studies that examines the effect of antiseptic and microbe reducing wound dressings that are being used in today’s health care to treat hard to heal leg ulcers. Method Systematic review. Searches were made in databases Pubmed, Cinahl and Cochrane as well as manually among references in review articles that were found through the searches. After a selection process 15 studies were found which proved to be relevant to the study’s aim.   Results The included studies gave no coherent result. Honey dressings improved healing or were equivalent to standard care in the included studies. Silver dressings had a positive effect on wound healing in the predominant proportion of the included studies. In one study, another antiseptic substance had better results than silver, in another study silver dressings turned out to be equivalent to standard care. Iodine dressings turned out to be equivalent to silver dressings in the case of healing and PHMB dressings were equivalent to standard care. Conclusion The majority of the included studies indicates that antiseptic wound dressings have a positive effect on healing of hard to heal leg ulcers. None of the included studies showed that the examined wound dressings were less effective than standard care or had any negative effects on wound healing. Therefore, it can be considered safe and compatible with evidence-based nursing to use the antiseptic dressings on hard to heal leg ulcers.
262

Distriktssköterskors uppfattning om professionellt samarbete avseende vården av patienter med bensår / District nurses perception of professional collaboration regarding the care of patients with leg ulcers

Helander, Susanna, Kjellsdotter, Åsa January 2016 (has links)
Bakgrund: Andelen äldre i befolkningen kommer att öka och som en konsekvens av detta ökar också antalet patienter med bensår. Inom vården av dessa patienter är specialistsjukvårdens roll att sätta in riktade behandlingar för en ökad sårläkning och minska lidandet för patienten. Inom den kommunala hemsjukvården är det distriktssköterskan som har huvudansvaret för patienter med bensår. Samarbete runt dessa patienter är nödvändigt. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva uppfattningar hos distriktssköterskor inom kommunal hemsjukvård om deras samarbete med specialistsjukvård avseende patienter med bensår. Metod: En kvalitativ ansats med fenomenografisk metod har använts i studien. Datamaterialet bygger på intervjuer som genomfördes med elva distriktssköterskor. Resultat: Ur analysen av datamaterialet framträdde tre beskrivningskategorier; möjligheter att konsultera ger trygghet, bristande förståelse för unika förutsättningar och utveckla ökad samsyn; med åtta uppfattningar. Konklusion: Det som framkommer i studien är hur viktig trygghet, förståelse och samsyn är för att ett samarbete ska uppfattas som positivt. Denna studie visar att det finns potential för förbättring av samarbetet och därmed en ökad förståelse för distriktssköterskornas perspektiv inom omvårdanden av patienter med bensår. / Background: The population of elderly will increase and as a consequence patients with leg ulcers will also increase. In caring for patients with leg ulcers the specialist healthcare uses targeted therapies with the purpose of enhanced wound healing and reduce the suffering for the patient. The district nurse has the main responsibility for patients with leg ulcers in the municipal home care and collaboration around these patients is nessecary. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the perception of district nurses in the municipal home care of their collaboration with specialist healthcare, regarding patients with leg ulcers. Method: A qualitative approach with a phenomenographic method was used.  The data was collected through interviews with eleven district nurses in municipal home care. Results: Three major description categories emerged; opportunities to consult offers assurance lack of understanding for the unique conditions and procuring a greater consensus; with eight perceptions. Conclusion: This study showed how important assurance, understanding and consensus is for the collaboration to be perceived as positive and that there is potential to improve the collaboration. The study contributes to a better understanding for the district nurses perspective concerning the care for patients with leg ulcers.
263

Impacto da úlcera de perna na vida da família: um estudo de caso / Impact of leg ulcer in family life: a case study

Soares, Maria de Fatima 20 December 2012 (has links)
A úlcera de perna representa demanda crescente nos serviços de saúde. Por tratar-se de uma doença crônica, recorrente e de difícil manejo, a úlcera de perna é um problema que vem desafiando profissionais, pacientes e famílias. A necessidade de entender melhor a problemática existente no cuidado oferecido pelo enfermeiro ao paciente com úlcera e sua família, motivou a pergunta do estudo, a qual buscou responder como a família influencia e é influenciada pela úlcera de perna. O estudo teve como objetivo conhecer as percepções e crenças do paciente e de sua família em relação à úlcera de perna, bem como compreender como essas crenças influenciam o enfrentamento da família na experiência. O estudo de caso foi o método adotado, e as técnicas da história oral foram utilizadas para a coleta de dados. O estudo foi realizado com um casal idoso, o qual convive com a úlcera de perna da mulher, focando o impacto desse evento na história da família. As narrativas do casal permitiram a construção da memória coletiva organizada em três temas distintos os quais se inter-relacionam: Envelhecimento e doença, Jornada do tratamento, A ferida e o tempo. Os resultados permitiram compreender que a família influencia e é influenciada pela úlcera de perna e esta dinâmica determina um grande impacto na vida do casal que se encontra na fase tardia do ciclo de vida da família. O estudo identificou que as crenças do casal exercem grande influência sobre o impacto da doença em sua vida, além de determinar seu enfrentamento diante da situação. Este estudo, por considerar a família como categoria de análise, lança um novo olhar ao problema e acrescenta um conhecimento diferente no que se refere à relação entre a família e a ferida. Os resultados permitem uma reflexão acerca da importância do conhecimento profundo dos enfermeiros sobre as experiências dos pacientes e famílias que convivem com úlceras de perna. A valorização e o reconhecimento das forças da família no enfrentamento da doença e da mudança de comportamento do enfermeiro na prática clínica, a qual deve integrar um olhar além da ferida, considerando a interface entre a doença e o contexto familiar, são elementos capazes de estimular uma prática clínica centrada na família. / A leg ulcer is increasing demand on health services. Because it is chronic, recurrent and difficult to handle, leg ulcer is a problem that has defied professionals, patients and families. The need to better understand the problems existing in the care offered by nurses to patients with ulcer and their families led to the question of the study, which sought to answer how the family influences and is influenced by leg ulcer. The study aimed to understand the perceptions and beliefs of the patient and the family regarding leg ulcer as well as understand how these beliefs influence family coping experience. The case study method was adopted, and the techniques of oral history were used for data collection. The study was conducted with an elderly couple, who lives with woman\'s leg ulcer, focusing on the impact of this event in the family history. The narratives of the couple allowed the construction of collective memory organized into three distinct themes which are interrelated: Aging and illness, Journey of treatment, Wound and time. The results allowed to understand that family influences and is influenced by leg ulcers; family dynamics determines a great impact on the couples lives experiencing the late stage of the family life cycle. The study identified that the couples beliefs have great influence on the impact of the disease on their lives, and determine how they cope with the situation. This study, seeing the family as category of analysis, proposes a new perspective at the problem and adds new knowledge to the interaction between family and wound. The results allow a discussion about the importance of deep nursing knowledge about the experiences of patients and families living with leg ulcers. This new perspective requires a change in behavior of the nurse in clinical practice for a vision beyond the wound. The appreciation and recognition of the strengths of the family in coping with the illness and considering the interface between the disease and the family context are elements capable of stimulating a nursing family-centered practice.
264

Projeto e desenvolvimento de um auxiliar deambulatório autotransferente para crianças com paralisia cerebral / Design and development of an ambulatory autotransfering support for children with cerebral palsy

Botega, Renan 27 April 2010 (has links)
As progressivas inovações tecnológicas na área de engenharia mecânica contribuem para a adoção de novos procedimentos terapêuticos para programas de reabilitação. Este trabalho trata do projeto e desenvolvimento de um auxiliar deambulatório para ser utilizado como uma forma de dar continuidade à reabilitação clínica de pessoas com dificuldade ou incapacidade na marcha independente. Nesse sentido, procurou-se desenvolver um deambulador incorporando novas abordagens ao seu projeto mecânico básico, tais como novos materiais, fabricação e conformação da estrutura mecânica, bem como possíveis controles de mobilidade articulares. Nesse contexto, a relação peso-volume foi cuidadosamente explorada de forma a tornar um auxiliar eficiente na marcha de crianças e adultos com paralisia cerebral. Os deambuladores convencionais hodiernos são fundamentalmente caracterizados pelo nível de segurança proporcionada aos usuários em movimento, todavia não oferecem condições para o treino do autoequilíbrio, o que os torna dependentes de ferramentas de auxílio para a realização correta da marcha. Portanto, é importante desenvolver um deambulador autotransferente que satisfaça as restrições de projeto, com volume e peso mínimos, e que seja essencial para a reabilitação de pacientes com paralisia cerebral, sem torná-los dependentes pela ausência do autoequilíbrio. Esse equipamento promove a autotransferência e o treinamento do autoequilíbrio do usuário seja ele adulto ou criança. Neste projeto, o deambulador foi denominado de Auxiliar Deambulatório Autotransferente - ADA devido à ação recíproca da marcha que transfere o torque muscular do tronco inferior para a mobilização dos membros inferiores. Assim, o ADA poderá fornecer situações sinestésicas nas quais o autoequilíbrio do paciente será estimulado a se manifestar. Com isso, o paciente poderá estar apto para adquirir ou recuperar o autoequilíbrio e a confiança para efetuar o treino da marcha. / The progressive technological innovations in mechanical engineering contribute to the adoption of new therapeutic procedures for rehabilitation programs. This work addresses the design and development of an ambulatory aid to be used as a way to continue the clinic rehabilitation for people with difficulty or inability in walking independently. Accordingly, we sought to develop a deambulador incorporating new approaches to its basic mechanical design, such as new materials, manufacturing and conformation of the mechanical structure and possible controls of joint mobility. In this context, the volume-weight ratio has been carefully explored in order to make an assist in the efficient running of children and adults with cerebral palsy. The conventional modern-day ambulatory are fundamentally characterized by the level of security provided to users on the move, but do not offer conditions for the auto balance training, which makes them dependent on aid tools to achieve the correct gait. It is therefore important to develop an autotransfer deambulator satisfying the design constraints, with minimum volume and weight, and with the essential characteristic for the rehabilitation of patients with cerebral palsy, without making them dependent on the absence of auto balance. This apparatus that promotes autotransfer and training of auto balance for the user whether adult or child. In this project the deambulador was named Assistant Deambulator Autotransfer (Auxiliary Ambulation Autotransfer) - ADA due to the interplay of movement, which transfers the torque of the lower trunk muscles for the mobilization of the lower limbs. Thus, the ADA may provide situations in which the synaesthetic auto balance the patient will be encouraged to carry out. Thus, the patient may be able to acquire or retrieve the auto balance and confidence to make the training of the march.
265

Projeto e desenvolvimento de um auxiliar deambulatório autotransferente para crianças com paralisia cerebral / Design and development of an ambulatory autotransfering support for children with cerebral palsy

Renan Botega 27 April 2010 (has links)
As progressivas inovações tecnológicas na área de engenharia mecânica contribuem para a adoção de novos procedimentos terapêuticos para programas de reabilitação. Este trabalho trata do projeto e desenvolvimento de um auxiliar deambulatório para ser utilizado como uma forma de dar continuidade à reabilitação clínica de pessoas com dificuldade ou incapacidade na marcha independente. Nesse sentido, procurou-se desenvolver um deambulador incorporando novas abordagens ao seu projeto mecânico básico, tais como novos materiais, fabricação e conformação da estrutura mecânica, bem como possíveis controles de mobilidade articulares. Nesse contexto, a relação peso-volume foi cuidadosamente explorada de forma a tornar um auxiliar eficiente na marcha de crianças e adultos com paralisia cerebral. Os deambuladores convencionais hodiernos são fundamentalmente caracterizados pelo nível de segurança proporcionada aos usuários em movimento, todavia não oferecem condições para o treino do autoequilíbrio, o que os torna dependentes de ferramentas de auxílio para a realização correta da marcha. Portanto, é importante desenvolver um deambulador autotransferente que satisfaça as restrições de projeto, com volume e peso mínimos, e que seja essencial para a reabilitação de pacientes com paralisia cerebral, sem torná-los dependentes pela ausência do autoequilíbrio. Esse equipamento promove a autotransferência e o treinamento do autoequilíbrio do usuário seja ele adulto ou criança. Neste projeto, o deambulador foi denominado de Auxiliar Deambulatório Autotransferente - ADA devido à ação recíproca da marcha que transfere o torque muscular do tronco inferior para a mobilização dos membros inferiores. Assim, o ADA poderá fornecer situações sinestésicas nas quais o autoequilíbrio do paciente será estimulado a se manifestar. Com isso, o paciente poderá estar apto para adquirir ou recuperar o autoequilíbrio e a confiança para efetuar o treino da marcha. / The progressive technological innovations in mechanical engineering contribute to the adoption of new therapeutic procedures for rehabilitation programs. This work addresses the design and development of an ambulatory aid to be used as a way to continue the clinic rehabilitation for people with difficulty or inability in walking independently. Accordingly, we sought to develop a deambulador incorporating new approaches to its basic mechanical design, such as new materials, manufacturing and conformation of the mechanical structure and possible controls of joint mobility. In this context, the volume-weight ratio has been carefully explored in order to make an assist in the efficient running of children and adults with cerebral palsy. The conventional modern-day ambulatory are fundamentally characterized by the level of security provided to users on the move, but do not offer conditions for the auto balance training, which makes them dependent on aid tools to achieve the correct gait. It is therefore important to develop an autotransfer deambulator satisfying the design constraints, with minimum volume and weight, and with the essential characteristic for the rehabilitation of patients with cerebral palsy, without making them dependent on the absence of auto balance. This apparatus that promotes autotransfer and training of auto balance for the user whether adult or child. In this project the deambulador was named Assistant Deambulator Autotransfer (Auxiliary Ambulation Autotransfer) - ADA due to the interplay of movement, which transfers the torque of the lower trunk muscles for the mobilization of the lower limbs. Thus, the ADA may provide situations in which the synaesthetic auto balance the patient will be encouraged to carry out. Thus, the patient may be able to acquire or retrieve the auto balance and confidence to make the training of the march.
266

Resposta sorológica em bovinos vacinados contra o carbúnculo sintomático /

Lopes, Bruna Pereira. January 2005 (has links)
Orientador: Iveraldo dos Santos Dutra / Banca: Samir Issa Samara / Banca: Silvio Arruda Vasconcellos / Resumo: O Clostridium chauvoei é o agente causador do carbúnculo sintomático, doença que acomete bovinos e ovinos. É um dos principais problemas sanitários que ocorre nos rebanhos pecuários em todo o mundo. A vacinação dos animais jovens é a medida profilática indicada, visto que esta medida preventiva nos sistemas de produção é de extrema importância econômica e reconhecida pelos produtores, mesmo sendo de aplicação voluntária. Três grupos de bovinos, contendo 20 animais em cada grupo, foram vacinados com três vacinas comerciais contra o carbúnculo sintomático para a avaliação sorológica dos mesmos por meio do teste de aglutinação rápida em placa. Os animais foram vacinados no dia 0, e o reforço vacinal foi realizado 30 dias após a primeira dose. Após 21 dias do reforço, o sangue foi coletado da veia jugular, e o soro foi obtido a temperatura ambiente quando ocorreu a coagulação sanguínea e separação do soro. Foi comparada a resposta de indução de anticorpos nos grupos de animais reagentes a esse teste com antígenos obtidos de duas cepas, uma de referência (MT) do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) e outra cepa de campo. Os resultados demonstraram que a resposta dos animais imunizados frente à cepa de referência foi satisfatória, não existindo diferença entre as três vacinas testadas. No entanto, quando este mesmo teste foi realizado com antígenos produzidos com a cepa de campo identificada por PCR, verificou-se a ausência de anticorpos aglutinantes na maioria dos bovinos avaliados. Na análise estatística ficou comprovado que existem diferenças significativas nos resultados dos testes de aglutinação rápida em placa quando se utilizam cepas distintas de Clostridium chauvoei, provavelmente em decorrência de diferenças antigênicas existentes entre as cepas. / Abstract: The Clostridium chauvoei is the agent which causes black leg, a disease that attacks the bovine and ovine. It is one of the main sanitary problems that occur with cattle-raising flocks in the world. The vaccination of young animals is the best prevention measure in production systems and is of extreme economic importance and is recognized by producers even if the application is voluntary. Three bovine groups, containing 20 animals each group, were vaccinated using three commercial vaccines against the black leg, for evaluation of bovine serological by tests of plate agglutination. The cattle were treated on day 0 and another dose was given on day 30. After 21 days, the blood was colleted of jugular vein and serum was obtained at 25°C, by blood coagulation. The comparison was made by detection of antibodies response between the animals that react to the test with antigens obtained from two strains which were used, one referred (MT) as Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) and another strain isolated from the field cases. The results determined that the response of the immunized animals faced by the referred strain was satisfactory with non-existing differences between the three tested vaccines. However, when the same test was conducted with antigens obtained from the field strain identified by PCR, it was verified the absence of agglutinating antibodies agglutinants in the majority of the bovines evaluated. In the statistics analysis were confirmed that significant differences were obtained in the agglutination plate test when different strains of Clostridium chauvoei were used, maybe because of the occurrence of antigenic difference, between the two strains tested. / Mestre
267

Healing chronic wounds: the potential use of hypothermic processing of amniotic tissue to treat chronic wounds

Kasparian, Amy 12 July 2018 (has links)
Chronic diabetic foot ulcers, venous leg ulcers and pressure ulcers affect a large subset of the United State population yet they remain a challenge for physicians to treat. There are many different types of products on the market for the treatment of chronic wounds. Some use living cells but only two are FDA approved to heal chronic wounds. A new type of product recently garnered attention in the wound care market because it also contains living cells: hypothermically stored amniotic tissue products. Hypothermically stored amniotic tissue is unique because it maintains living cells and offers the benefits of containing signaling molecules and maintaining an intact extra cellular matrix. While there are other types of amniotic or placental tissue products in the wound care market, they are processed by dehydration or cryopreservation which limits their capacities for maintaining living cells. This thesis will explore the potential for hypothermically processed amniotic tissue products to treat chronic wounds.
268

A study of external pneumatic compression for the prevention of deep venous thrombosis

Kamm, Roger D January 1977 (has links)
Thesis. 1977. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Vita. / Bibliography: p. 200-205. / by Roger D. Kamm. / Ph.D.
269

A minimum energy solution for muscle force control during walking.

Hardt, D. E. (David E.) January 1979 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1979. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Bibliography: leaves 188-195. / Ph.D.
270

A study of muscle function in the stump of above-knee amputees.

Lederman, Joel Alan January 1977 (has links)
Thesis (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 1977. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Bibliography: leaves 60-62. / B.S.

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