Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-26T13:42:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 yuridealmeidacostacampos.pdf: 1718174 bytes, checksum: 4293aa3afd0dd4921113bf0ce8d1eff6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-26T20:31:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 yuridealmeidacostacampos.pdf: 1718174 bytes, checksum: 4293aa3afd0dd4921113bf0ce8d1eff6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T20:31:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 yuridealmeidacostacampos.pdf: 1718174 bytes, checksum: 4293aa3afd0dd4921113bf0ce8d1eff6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-29 / O limiar anaeróbio (LAn) tem sido considerado um índice fiável para mensurar os domínios de intensidade durante o exercício podendo ser identificado através das concentrações sanguíneas de lactato [Lac] e da eletromiografia de superfície (sEMG). Assim, os objetivos principais do presente estudo foram: (a) identificar e correlacionar o limiar eletromiográfico (LEMG) e limiar de lactato (LL) durante os protocolos incrementais realizados na esteira ergométrica (EE) e no exercício leg press 45° (LP 45°) e (b) correlacionar os valores das [Lac] no qual foi identificado LAn entre os protocolos incrementais realizados na EE e no LP 45°. Foram voluntários 12 corredores fundistas do sexo masculino moderadamente treinados (idade = 29,27 ± 3,24 anos; percentual de gordura = 10,33 ± 2,62 %; estatura = 1,77 ± 0,04 m; massa corporal = 73,44 ± 4,38 kg; tempo dos 5000 m = 20 min e 37,8 seg ± 2 min e 21 seg; tempo de treinamento = 4,26 ± 0,68 anos). Logo após as sessões de avaliação prévias, os voluntários foram randomizados para a realização de dois protocolos incrementais distintos executados na EE e no LP 45° onde foram coletados o sinal EMG e lactato sanguíneo durante o término de cada estágio em ambos os exercícios propostos. Foram realizados os testes estatísticos de normalidade e homogeneidade de variâncias, além dos testes Anova Two-Way com Post Hoc de Bonferroni, T para amostras independentes, correlação de Pearson e Bland Altman, adotando o valor de significância p ≤ 0,05. Os resultados não demonstraram diferenças significantes entre a velocidade de corrida e a intensidade de exercício em que foram identificados o LL e o LEMG em ambos os protocolos. Houve correlações e concordâncias entre o LL e o LEMG determinados tanto na EE, quanto no LP 45°. Não foram encontradas diferenças significantes entre as [Lac] em que foi identificado o LAn na EE e no LP 45°. Foi encontrada concordância entre ambos os protocolos incrementais. Nossos achados ressaltaram a aplicabilidade da sEMG como uma ferramenta não invasiva para determinar o LAn. Apesar de existir concordância entre as [Lac] onde foi determinado o LAn na EE e no LP 45°, ainda são necessários estudos com metodologias mais elaboradas que venham confirmar tal premissa. / The anaerobic threshold (AT) has been considered a reliable index to measure the intensity domains during exercising, and it can be identified through blood lactate concentrations [Lac] and through surface electromyography (sEMG). The main objectives of this study were: (a) to identify and to correlate the electromyographic threshold (EMGTH) and the lactate threshold (LT) during incremental protocols performed on a treadmill (IT) and on the leg press 45° (LP 45°) exercise; and (b) to correlate the values of [Lac] in which the AT was identified among the incremental protocols performed in IT and LP 45°. Twelve male long-distance runners, moderately trained, were volunteers (age = 29.27 ± 3.24 years; body fat percentage = 10.33 ± 2.62 %; height = 1.77 ± 0.04 m; body mass = 73.44 ± 4.38 kg; time of 5000 m = 20 min and 37.8 sec ± 2 min and 21 sec; training time = 4.26 ± 0.68 years). Shortly after the preliminary evaluation sessions, volunteers were randomized to perform two distinct incremental protocols running on IT and LP 45°, in which the EMG signal and blood lactate were collected during the end of each stage in both proposed exercises. Statistical tests of normality and homogeneity of variance were performed, in addition to two-way Anova test with Post Hoc Bonferroni, T for independent samples, Pearson correlation and Bland Altman, adopting the significance level p ≤ 0.05. The results showed no significant differences between the running speed and the exercise intensity in which LT and EMGTH were identified in both protocols. In the IT and in the LP 45º were observed correlations and agreements between LT and EMGTH. No significant differences were observed among the values of [Lac], in which the AT was identified in IT and LP 45°. The incremental protocols showed agreement. The results highlighted the applicability of sEMG as a non-invasive tool for determining the AT. Although there is agreement between the values of [Lac] where the AT was determined in EE and LP 45°, further studies are still needed with more elaborate methodologies that would confirm that premise.

Introduction: Hard-to-heal leg ulcers are common, especially among the elderly. A leg ulcer is not a disease in itself but a symptom of an underlying disease. Venous insufficiency is the most common cause. The quality of life deteriorates for the patient and the treatment time is often long and resource-intensive for healthcare and society. The district nurse has an important role in the meeting with the patient. With knowledge of the patient's experience of living with hard-to-heal leg ulcers, good care can be provided.   Aim: The aim of this literature study was to describe patients' experiences of living with hard-to-heal leg ulcers.   Method: A descriptive design with a general literature study as a method. The study was based on 17 articles with a qualitative method   Results: The results showed 3 main categories and 15 subcategories. The main categories were living with one's body, a changed everyday life and experience of the care situation. Patients described that it was difficult to identify oneself with a body with wounds. The pain was the most prominent symptom that affected sleep, mental state, and led to physical limitation and activities were limited. Smell, exudate and bandage contributed to feelings of shame. Relationships were affected and many isolated themselves. Patients developed different coping strategies and never stopped hoping for healing. The treatment time was long and the care relationship was of great importance.   Conclusion: Living with hard-to-heal leg ulcers was a subjective experience. The results showed that the wound had a negative effect on the quality of life. The care relationship was of great importance and that it was favorable for wound healing and quality of life when the patient felt seen as a person and was involved in the care. Applying person-centered and holistic care was essential for good nursing.

Aim The purpose of this study was to assess muscle hypertrophy outcomes from high and low load strength training routines performed to muscular fatiguein a unilateral design. Method 14 well-trained men and women (age 26.4 ±4.4 years, weight 79.9 ±10.7 kg, height 179.4 ±76 cm) volunteered to participate in eight weeks of fully supervised training two times per week. Subjects had their legs randomized to a HL protocol performing 3-5reps and LL protocol performing 20-25 reps. Training was performed in leg press and leg extension and all sets were performed until volitional failure. Subjects were measured for muscle thickness by ultrasound at mid and distal portion of vastus lateralis before and after the study. Paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test was used to establish differences in pre and post and between leg differences. Results Muscle thickness increased inHL: MID 8% p=0,002 and DIST 14% p=0.009, in LL: MID 7% p=0.004 and was unchanged at DIST 4% p=0.512. Total muscle thickness for both measurement sites combined increases significantly in both legs, HL: 9% p=0.001 and LL: 5% p=0.045. There were no between leg differences at MID (p=0.404) or DIST (p=0.989) after eight weeks. Conclusion We conclude that high and low load strength training performed unilaterally to volitional failure yields equal increases in muscle thickness after eight weeks for well-trained men and women. / <p>Kursen Projektarbete.</p>

The purpose of the work reported within this thesis was to design and implement a series of tests which better replicate the impact conditions experienced during a game, and allow for quantitative measurements of performance of various items of personal protection equipment (PPE). The sports of cricket and taekwondo were used as case studies. The aim was to improve on existing testing protocols making them more representative of real life, an approach that has not been previously attempted in the literature and so required design of multiple items of novel equipment. A representative cricket impact test was developed utilizing a ball canon firing a cricket ball mass at an equivalent bowling velocity of 31 m/s (70 mph) and a novel, freely suspended force acquisition system with embedded accelerometers from which the transmitted force values could be derived. Throughout the testing secondary variables of coefficient of restitution (COR), deformation and contact time were measured from high speed video footage to give further insight into the impact mechanics of the three tested leg guards. Contact times were in the range of 3 ms - 4 ms, COR between 0.38 - 0.50 and deformation between 45 mm - 52 mm. These results were compared against other benchmark tests to establish how close the representative test was to an actual human related ball-pad impact and to estimate human tolerance levels to impact. A rig to mimic a human on human kicking impact in taekwondo was designed to measure performance of the piece of body protection equipment used in training and competition, commonly referred to as a hogu. Primarily a mechanical simulator was designed to replicate the speed and mass of a human leg impacting during a roundhouse kick. A force acquisition system was manufactured, capable of integrating with the kicking robot functioning, with a human torso sized and shaped anvil, using a similar accelerometer based system of force measurement as that introduced in the cricket testing. This test was then used to measure performance levels of nine off-the-shelf hogus and protective training pads. Using transmitted peak force and time to peak force (TTPF) as indicators of protection, these values were found to range from between 0.5 kN 7.5 kN and 9 ms - 23 ms across the pads indicating a major difference in the protection provided.

The thesis explores chronic leg ulceration experienced by young people who inject drugs (PWID). The applied health research study, in two phases, used a sequential explanatory mixed methods design. Phase 1 involved a survey of 200 people who injected drugs to investigate the prevalence of skin problems and leg ulceration, together with the identification of risk factors for ulceration. Phase 2 involved a series of fifteen qualitative semi-structured interviews that explored the results relating to risk factors with a sample of PWID who had experienced leg ulceration, and investigated participants’ perceptions of appropriate harm reduction methods. Main findings There were three research questions in this study: 1) What is the extent of skin problems and chronic leg ulceration in young people who inject drugs? The study identified a high prevalence of leg ulceration as 15%. 60% of the sample had experienced a skin problem. Each reported skin complication is clearly defined. 2) What causes chronic leg ulceration in young people who inject drugs? Leg ulceration experienced by PWID in this study was directly linked to deep vein thrombosis (DVT), as well as injecting in the groin and the leg. DVT was strongly associated with groin and leg injecting. The acceptance amongst injectors of the groin and leg as a site of choice has occurred with a lack of awareness of the long-term consequences of damage to the limb. 3) What are appropriate harm reduction measures in young people who inject drugs? Harm reduction methods related to the development of leg ulceration have been absent across schools and drug services. Training for healthcare workers which enables them to identify risk factors should be developed, and harm reduction information related to leg ulceration should be included in drug education within schools, and instigated within drugs services. This applied health research has led to a number of practice-focused recommendations surrounding clinical care including early detection of venous insufficiency and accessible services to prevent, assess, and treat venous disease in PWID. The original contribution to knowledge is three-fold: 1. Leg ulcers have been found to be highly prevalent in young people who inject drugs. 2. Ulceration is predominantly caused by venous thrombosis due to injecting in the legs or groin. 3. Harm reduction related to the development of venous disease has lacked impact and effect.

O treinamento físico resistido tem sido enfaticamente incentivado, proporcionando efeitos favoráveis na força e endurance muscular, na função cardiovascular, metabolismo e na redução do risco cardiovascular. No entanto, é escassa a literatura sobre os ajustes cardiovasculares, ventilatórios e metabólicos no exercício resistido na população idosa. Além disso, pouco é sabido sobre tais ajustes na carga crítica (CC), a qual demarcaria a transição do exercício moderado para o exercício intenso nesta modalidade de exercício. Dessa forma, os objetivos deste trabalho são: avaliar o comportamento das respostas cardiovasculares, respiratórias e metabólicas durante o exercício físico resistido (Leg Press 45º) em diferentes intensidades, bem como determinar a intensidade da CC e ainda nessa intensidade comparar as respostas da freqüência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), ventilação (VE), consumo de oxigênio (\'VO IND.2\'), produção de dióxido de carbono (\'VCO IND.2\'), quociente respiratório (QR), percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) e lactato sangüíneo ([Lac]) obtidas durante exercício entre dois grupos (jovens e idosos). Participaram deste estudo 28 indivíduos do sexo masculino, sendo 15 jovens e 13 idosos, aparentemente saudáveis, sendo que a média de idade dos jovens foi de 22,7 ± 2,5 anos, massa média de 77,6 ± 10,2 kg e estatura média de 180,0 ± 10,0 cm e nos idosos a média de idade foi de 68,6 ± 4,0 anos, massa média de 76,7 ± 7,5 kg e estatura média de 170,0 ± 1,0 cm, não etilistas, não tabagistas, e sem distúrbios cardiorrespiratórios, neurológicos, metabólicos e articulares. Durante todos os procedimentos foram monitoradas PA, FC e eletrocardiograma nas derivações MC5, DII e V2 modificadas, sendo que foram realizados: teste de 1RM em exercício resistido no Leg Press 45º; teste de esforço físico dinâmico resistido com diferentes percentuais de 1RM, testados de acordo para obtenção da carga crítica, pela regressão linear dos pontos apurados na construção do gráfico: carga X inverso do tempo (tempo = duração do exercício até a fadiga). Com relação ao tempo de execução e o número de repetições não houve diferenças entre os grupos (p = 0,25 e p = 0,49; respectivamente); para a FC e PAS, temos para o grupo jovem uma resposta exacerbada da FC comparada aos idosos durante exercício (p<0,0001), sendo que o comportamento da PAS revela-se de modo contrário, havendo assim uma resposta mais acentuado para o grupo idoso (p<0,0197). A [Lac] foi maior em jovens na intensidade da CC (p = 0,0014), bem como o valor de PSE (0,00021). Para os parâmetros ventilatórios (VE, \'VO IND.2\' e \'VCO IND.2\') temos maiores valores para o grupo jovem também na fase de exercício para diferentes intensidades, principalmente na CC (p<0,0001, para as três variáveis). Além disso, foi possível determinar a carga crítica para ambos os grupos, sendo que essa foi em torno de 38% 1RM (p = 0,22). Dessa forma, esse foi o primeiro estudo que avaliou e comparou as respostas fisiológicas entre jovens e idosos em diferentes intensidades da RM, no exercício de Leg Press 45º, assim como na CC. / The resistance training has been strongly encouraged, providing favorable effects on muscular strength and endurance, cardiovascular function, metabolism and cardiovascular risk reduction. However, there is little literature about the cardiovascular, ventilation and metabolic responses in resistance exercise in the elderly. Moreover, little is known about such adjustments in the critical load (CL), which indicates the transition of moderate to intense exercise in this type of exercise. Thus, the objectives of this study are: To evaluate the cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic changes during resistance exercise (leg press 45º) at different intensities and to determine the intensity of the CL and even that intensity to compare the responses of heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), ventilation (VE), oxygen consumption (\'VO IND.2\'), production of carbon dioxide (\'VCO IND.2\'), respiratory quotient (RQ), perceived exertion (PSE) and blood lactate ([Lac]) obtained during exercise between two groups (young and old). Participated in this study 28 males, 15 young and 13 elderly, apparently healthy, with an average age of the young was 22.7 ± 2.5 years, mean weight 77.6 ± 10.2 kg and mean height of 180.0 ± 10.0 cm, and in the elderly the average age was 68.6 ± 4.0 years, mean weight 76.7 ± 7.5 kg and mean height of 170.0 ± 1.0 cm, non-alcoholic non-smoker, and without cardio-respiratory, neurological, metabolic and joints disorders. During all procedures were monitored BP, HR and ECG at MC5, DII and V2 modified, and were carried out: 1RM resistance exercise on the leg press at 45º; exercise stress test dynamic resistance with different percentages of 1RM tested agreement for obtaining the critical load, the linear regression of the points made during the construction of the graph: load X reverse of time (time = duration of exercise until fatigue). Regarding the execution time and number of repetitions no differences between the groups (p = 0.25 and p = 0.49, respectively) for the HR and SBP, we have exacerbated response of HR for a young group compared to elderly, during exercise (p < 0.0001), and the SBP appears to be so contrary, so there is more pronounced for the elderly group (p < 0.0197). The [Lac] was greater in young people in the CC intensity (p = 0.0014), as well as the value of PSE (0.00021). For the ventilatory parameters (VE, \'VO IND.2\' and \'VCO IND.2\') have higher values in the young group also during the exercise for different intensities, mainly in the CC (p < 0.0001 for the three variables). Furthermore, it was possible to determine the CL for both groups, and this was around 38% 1RM (p = 0.22). Thus, this was the first study that evaluated and compared the physiological responses between young and old in different intensities of 1RM in the exercise of Leg Press 45º, as in CL.

O treinamento físico resistido tem sido enfaticamente incentivado, proporcionando efeitos favoráveis na força e endurance muscular, na função cardiovascular, metabolismo e na redução do risco cardiovascular. No entanto, é escassa a literatura sobre os ajustes cardiovasculares, ventilatórios e metabólicos no exercício resistido na população idosa. Além disso, pouco é sabido sobre tais ajustes na carga crítica (CC), a qual demarcaria a transição do exercício moderado para o exercício intenso nesta modalidade de exercício. Dessa forma, os objetivos deste trabalho são: avaliar o comportamento das respostas cardiovasculares, respiratórias e metabólicas durante o exercício físico resistido (Leg Press 45º) em diferentes intensidades, bem como determinar a intensidade da CC e ainda nessa intensidade comparar as respostas da freqüência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), ventilação (VE), consumo de oxigênio (\'VO IND.2\'), produção de dióxido de carbono (\'VCO IND.2\'), quociente respiratório (QR), percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) e lactato sangüíneo ([Lac]) obtidas durante exercício entre dois grupos (jovens e idosos). Participaram deste estudo 28 indivíduos do sexo masculino, sendo 15 jovens e 13 idosos, aparentemente saudáveis, sendo que a média de idade dos jovens foi de 22,7 ± 2,5 anos, massa média de 77,6 ± 10,2 kg e estatura média de 180,0 ± 10,0 cm e nos idosos a média de idade foi de 68,6 ± 4,0 anos, massa média de 76,7 ± 7,5 kg e estatura média de 170,0 ± 1,0 cm, não etilistas, não tabagistas, e sem distúrbios cardiorrespiratórios, neurológicos, metabólicos e articulares. Durante todos os procedimentos foram monitoradas PA, FC e eletrocardiograma nas derivações MC5, DII e V2 modificadas, sendo que foram realizados: teste de 1RM em exercício resistido no Leg Press 45º; teste de esforço físico dinâmico resistido com diferentes percentuais de 1RM, testados de acordo para obtenção da carga crítica, pela regressão linear dos pontos apurados na construção do gráfico: carga X inverso do tempo (tempo = duração do exercício até a fadiga). Com relação ao tempo de execução e o número de repetições não houve diferenças entre os grupos (p = 0,25 e p = 0,49; respectivamente); para a FC e PAS, temos para o grupo jovem uma resposta exacerbada da FC comparada aos idosos durante exercício (p<0,0001), sendo que o comportamento da PAS revela-se de modo contrário, havendo assim uma resposta mais acentuado para o grupo idoso (p<0,0197). A [Lac] foi maior em jovens na intensidade da CC (p = 0,0014), bem como o valor de PSE (0,00021). Para os parâmetros ventilatórios (VE, \'VO IND.2\' e \'VCO IND.2\') temos maiores valores para o grupo jovem também na fase de exercício para diferentes intensidades, principalmente na CC (p<0,0001, para as três variáveis). Além disso, foi possível determinar a carga crítica para ambos os grupos, sendo que essa foi em torno de 38% 1RM (p = 0,22). Dessa forma, esse foi o primeiro estudo que avaliou e comparou as respostas fisiológicas entre jovens e idosos em diferentes intensidades da RM, no exercício de Leg Press 45º, assim como na CC. / The resistance training has been strongly encouraged, providing favorable effects on muscular strength and endurance, cardiovascular function, metabolism and cardiovascular risk reduction. However, there is little literature about the cardiovascular, ventilation and metabolic responses in resistance exercise in the elderly. Moreover, little is known about such adjustments in the critical load (CL), which indicates the transition of moderate to intense exercise in this type of exercise. Thus, the objectives of this study are: To evaluate the cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic changes during resistance exercise (leg press 45º) at different intensities and to determine the intensity of the CL and even that intensity to compare the responses of heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), ventilation (VE), oxygen consumption (\'VO IND.2\'), production of carbon dioxide (\'VCO IND.2\'), respiratory quotient (RQ), perceived exertion (PSE) and blood lactate ([Lac]) obtained during exercise between two groups (young and old). Participated in this study 28 males, 15 young and 13 elderly, apparently healthy, with an average age of the young was 22.7 ± 2.5 years, mean weight 77.6 ± 10.2 kg and mean height of 180.0 ± 10.0 cm, and in the elderly the average age was 68.6 ± 4.0 years, mean weight 76.7 ± 7.5 kg and mean height of 170.0 ± 1.0 cm, non-alcoholic non-smoker, and without cardio-respiratory, neurological, metabolic and joints disorders. During all procedures were monitored BP, HR and ECG at MC5, DII and V2 modified, and were carried out: 1RM resistance exercise on the leg press at 45º; exercise stress test dynamic resistance with different percentages of 1RM tested agreement for obtaining the critical load, the linear regression of the points made during the construction of the graph: load X reverse of time (time = duration of exercise until fatigue). Regarding the execution time and number of repetitions no differences between the groups (p = 0.25 and p = 0.49, respectively) for the HR and SBP, we have exacerbated response of HR for a young group compared to elderly, during exercise (p < 0.0001), and the SBP appears to be so contrary, so there is more pronounced for the elderly group (p < 0.0197). The [Lac] was greater in young people in the CC intensity (p = 0.0014), as well as the value of PSE (0.00021). For the ventilatory parameters (VE, \'VO IND.2\' and \'VCO IND.2\') have higher values in the young group also during the exercise for different intensities, mainly in the CC (p < 0.0001 for the three variables). Furthermore, it was possible to determine the CL for both groups, and this was around 38% 1RM (p = 0.22). Thus, this was the first study that evaluated and compared the physiological responses between young and old in different intensities of 1RM in the exercise of Leg Press 45º, as in CL.

In order to investigate the two-phase flow behaviour in a complex reactor-typical geometry and to supply suitable data for CFD code validation, a model of the hot leg of a pressurised water reactor was built at FZD. The hot leg model is operated in the pressure chamber of the TOPFLOW test facility, which is used to perform high-pressure experiments under pressure equilibrium with the inside atmosphere of the chamber. This technique makes it possible to visualise the two-phase flow through large windows, also at reactor-typical pressure levels. In order to optimise the optical observation possibilities, the test section was designed with a rectangular cross-section. Experiments were performed with air and water at 1.5 and 3.0 bar at room temperature as well as with steam and water at 15, 30 and 50 bar and the corresponding saturation temperature (i.e. up to 264°C). The total of 194 runs are divided into 4 types of experiments covering stationary co-current flow, counter-current flow, flow without water circulation and transient counter-current flow limitation (CCFL) experiments. This report provides a detailed documentation of the experiments including information on the experimental setup, experimental procedure, test matrix and on the calibration of the measuring devices. The available data is described and data sheets were arranged for each experiment in order to give an overview of the most important parameters. For the cocurrent flow experiments, water level histograms were arranged and used to characterise the flow in the hot leg. In fact, the form of the probability distribution was found to be sensitive to the boundary conditions and, therefore, is useful for the CFD comparison. Furthermore, the flooding characteristics of the hot leg model plotted in terms of the classical Wallis parameter or Kutateladze number were found to fail to properly correlate the data of the air/water and steam/water series. Therefore, a modified Wallis parameter is proposed, which takes the effect of viscosity into account.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:22:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1388.pdf: 1953339 bytes, checksum: 14b647b421ed18e30c83f687539d100f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-14 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Important researches had shown the benefits of resistance training programs for rehabilitation as well as prophylaxis of physical incapacity. However few studies had investigated the responses of the intermediate metabolism during the execution of resistance exercises if carried through steady state or during incremental tests. The purpose of this study was to investigate the viability of the use of non-invasive methods as trustworthy indicators in the analysis of the aerobic-anaerobic transition and to compare the physiological responses between male and female, submitted to discontinuous incremental test of resistance exercise for lower limb. Eighteen subjects volunteered to participate and provided a written consent (9 males, 24 ± 3 years, 176 ± 5 cm, 72 ± 10 kg and 9 females, 23 ± 2 years, 165 ± 6 cm, 59 ± 10 Kg) in two sessions, distinct days, of counterweighted isoinertial Leg Press 45º machine (LP), being the 1st session performed to identify the 1 repetition maximum load (1RM) and the 2nd to accomplish the discontinuous incremental test of the type step in LP (DIT). The loading gradual scheme was determined in relation to the percentage of 1RM (%1RM). Subjects were required to perform 20 ± 2 repetitions with a 2 minutes interval between each set when loads were changed and collection of blood and salivary samples were collected. The blood lactate concentration ([La-]) had been used as gold standard for the respective comparisons between the methods. As non-invasive methods the salivary lactate concentrations ([SL]) and index SD1 of the heart rate variability (HRV) were used, gotten by Poincaré Plotting (PP). The thresholds identified by [La-] and [SL] (LT and SLT, respectively) had been determined by Mader and Heck Method (1986). The threshold identified by index SD1 (SD1T) was determined by Tullpo et al. (1998) criterion. The criterion level for statistical significance was set at an alpha level of p< 0,05. Statistical differences had not been found in the comparisons between genders in each step of the DIT for the three variables studied. The thresholds when expressed in kg revealed significant differences between genders but not intra genders. When expressed in %1RM the thresholds had been placed in the average enter 29-40% and had not evidenced significant differences between the thresholds in the conditions intra genders and between genders. Correlations of 0.89 and 0.78 had been evidenced between the LT and SLT and SD1T, respectively. The variability of both non-invasive variables was shown inside of the limits of agreement evidenced by the analyses of Bland-Altman. Thus it is possible to conclude that as much the SL as index SD1 of HRV responses of similar form to the blood lactate. This allows the detention of the thresholds of lactate salivary and heart rate variability, independently of the gender. In this way, as much the SL as index SD1 of the HRV presents great potential as possible non invasive markers of effort intensity, that they can be used in the lapsing and the control of the load of work in the resistance exercises. Moreover, the differences in the metabolic responses between the genders, evidenced in the intensities of effort above of the threshold, must be considered in the lapsing of the resistance training. / Importantes trabalhos têm relatado os benefícios dos programas de treinamento resistido tanto para a reabilitação como para profilaxia de incapacidade física. Contudo poucos foram os estudos que investigaram as respostas do metabolismo energético intermediário durante a execução de exercícios resistidos, fossem eles realizados em estado estável ou durante testes incrementais. Assim o propósito deste estudo foi o de investigar a viabilidade da utilização de métodos não invasivos, como indicadores confiáveis na análise da transição do metabolismo aeróbio-anaeróbio, e comparar as respostas fisiológicas entre homens e mulheres, submetidos a teste incremental descontínuo do tipo degrau em exercício resistido de membros inferiores. Para isso dezoito jovens saudáveis (9 homens, 24,22 ± 2,77 anos, 175,89 ± 4,99 cm, 71,73 ± 9,81 kg e 9 mulheres, 22,64 ± 1,87 anos, 164,89 ± 5,30 cm, 58,61 ± 9,58 kg) foram voluntários em duas sessões de exercício resistido no Leg Press 45° isoinércio (LP), em dias distintos, sendo a 1ª sessão para a determinação da carga máxima dinâmica para uma repetição (CMD) e a 2ª para a realização de teste incremental descontínuo do tipo degrau no LP (TILP). O esquema progressivo das cargas foi determinado em relação ao percentual da CMD (%CMD) e conduzido até exaustão voluntária. Os sujeitos realizavam 20±2 repetições, com intervalo de 2 minutos entre cada série onde eram trocadas as cargas e efetuadas as coletas das amostras sangüíneas e salivares. As concentrações de lactato sangüíneo [La-] foram utilizadas como padrão ouro para as respectivas comparações entre os métodos. Como métodos não invasivos utilizaram-se as concentrações de lactato salivar [LS] e o índice SD1 da variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca (VFC), obtido pela plotagem de Poincaré (PP). Os limiares identificados pelas [La-] e [LS] (LL e LLS, respectivamente) foram determinados pelo método propostos por Mader e Heck (1986). O limiar do índice SD1 (LSD1) foi determinado pelo critério proposto por Tullpo et al. (1998). O índice de significância adotado foi de 5% e o grau de confiabilidade de 95%. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas significantes nas comparações entre gênero em cada estágio do TILP para as três variáveis estudadas. Os limiares quando expressos em kg mostraram-se diferentes estatisticamente entre gêneros, mas não intra-gênero. Quando expressos em %CMD os limiares situaram-se na média entre 29% a 40% e não foram evidenciadas diferenças significantes entre os limiares nas condições intra gênero e entre gênero. Correlação de moderada a forte (0,89 e 0,78) foi encontrada entre os LL e os LLS e LSD1, sendo ambos concordantes, como ficou evidenciado pelas análises de Bland-Altman. Assim os resultados sugerem que tanto o LS como o índice SD1 respondem de forma semelhante ao La-, o que permite a identificação na mudança do padrão de resposta cinética de tais variáveis, independentemente do gênero. Desta maneira, tanto o LS como o índice SD1 da VFC apresentam grande potencial como métodos alternativos não invasivos de intensidade de esforço, que podem ser usados na prescrição e no controle da carga de trabalho nos exercícios resistidos. Além disso, há diferenças entre os gêneros nas respostas metabólicas nas intensidades de esforço acima do limiar que devem ser consideradas na prescrição do treinamento resistido.

No description available.