Denna kandidatuppsats handlar om informationsdesign med fokus på rumslig design. Syftet med denna studie handlar om att undersöka och förstå människors beteende när det gäller att välja en parkeringsplats. Detta kan påverka trafikstopp och de orienterings strategier som finns på en bensinstation.    I studien har relevant kurslitteratur använts inom informationsdesign som navigationssystem, orienterbarhet, wayfinding/wayshowing, färg och perception som grundteorier. Med kombinerade metoder som omvärldsanalys, platsanalys och kvalitativ intervju har använts genom arbetet. För tas fram ett gestaltningsförslag som eventuell kan lösa de befintliga problem som bensinstationen har, samt en framtiddesign. Gestaltningsförslag innehåller tydliga informationsskyltar såväl som vägmarkeringar, förbättrat trafikflöde och troligtvis minska förvirring samt osäkerhet hos nya- och stamkunder. Med tillämpade regler och riktlinjer skapas en ny rumsupplevelse med ordning och struktur. / This candidate's thesis is about information design with a focus on spatial design. The purpose of this study is to research and understand people's behavior, when it comes to choosing a parking space that can affect traffic stops and the orientation strategies at a gas station.   The study has used relevant course literature within informationsdesign field, such as navigation systems, orientability, wayfinding/wayshowing, color and perception as basic theories. Combined methods such as environmental analysis, location analysis and qualitative interview have been used throughout the thesis. To come up with a design proposal that could possibly solve the existing problems the petrol station has. The design proposal included clear information signs as well as visible road markings. This is to improve traffic flow and reduce confusion and uncertainties among new and regular customers. With applied rules and guidelines created a new spatial experience which can contribute order and structure within this area.

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Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-08-22T12:48:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM MÉTODO PARA AVALIAÇÃO DO RENDIMENTO DE LEITURA _MÉTODO LÊCOM_p.pdf: 8267959 bytes, checksum: a4c27a5f4caaa8dd88526e5f0fdc0b43 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-22T12:48:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM MÉTODO PARA AVALIAÇÃO DO RENDIMENTO DE LEITURA _MÉTODO LÊCOM_p.pdf: 8267959 bytes, checksum: a4c27a5f4caaa8dd88526e5f0fdc0b43 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-04 / CAPEs / Esta tese apresenta como objetivo principal criar um método avaliativo envolvendo legibilidade e leiturabilidade dos textos, mais especificamente com crianças do segundo ano do primeiro ciclo do ensino fundamental do estado da Paraíba (Brasil) relacionando com os fundamentos da lectoescrita. Para isso, no estado da arte foram abordados e discutidos assuntos essenciais para se entender as relações entre os aspectos citados, tais como: a leitura e suas relações com o ensino; a tipografia voltada para as crianças e como seu uso pode auxiliar no rendimento da leitura e; por fim, os métodos e técnicas existentes voltados para mensurar legibilidade e leiturabilidade. Em relação aos critérios metodológicos, investigou-se nas escolas públicas de ensino fundamental das cidades de João Pessoa e Cabedelo, a partir de visitas exploratórias e questionários respondidos pelos professores, como ocorre a relação entre o ensino e a aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita para se definir as etapas referentes à metodologia criada nessa pesquisa. Para finalizar, foi realizado um delineamento experimental com abordagem qualitativa com dezenove crianças entre seis e oito anos na Escola Lions Tambaú, em que foi aplicado o novo método. Os resultados foram considerados consistentes e satisfatórios. Além disso, foram realizadas algumas inferências e possíveis adequações do Método Lêcom para crianças de outra faixa etária. Por fim, foi percebido que o método criado abrange um âmbito maior na ciência, e que seria mais pertinente denominá-lo de Modelo Lêcom. / This main objective of this thesis has been to create an evaluation method involving the legibility and readability of texts, specifically with children in the second year of the first cycle of primary education in the state of Paraíba (Brazil), relating the fundaments of reading and writing. For this, from within the state of the arts, we addressed and discussed the key issues in order to understand the relationships between the abovementioned aspects, such as: reading and its relationship to education; typography for children and how its use may help the reading performance and; finally, the existing methods and techniques that aim to measure legibility and readability. The methodological criteria were investigated within state primary schools in the cities of João Pessoa and Cabedelo, through exploratory visits and questionnaires answered by teachers, regarding the manner in which the relationship occurs between teaching and learning to read and write so as to define the stages related to the methodology created in this research. Finally, an experimental design was conducted using a qualitative approach with nineteen children aged between six and eight years old at the Escola Lions Tambaú, where the new method was applied. Results were considered consistent and satisfactory. In addition, a number of inferences were conducted as well as possible adjustments to the Lêcom Method for children from other age groups. Finally, it was realized that the method created covers a broader scope in science, and it would be more appropriate to call it Model Lêcom.

This is a bachelor thesis in information design with a focus on spatial design. This study examines how history could be showcased along a national road to create identity in a town, and how quickly this communication should take place. Fagersta, the town that is being investigated, is a small mill town that has a national road that runs right through the city. The road is used daily not only by residents, but also by tourists and passers-by, as it is the main road with the most coverage in Fagersta. Since the roundabouts and refuges along the national road are empty or have older mill objects with a pre-understanding requirement in them, it does not communicate the town’s history nor its identity. How can a town's history and identity be communicated along a road when there's traffic rules and speed to consider? There is little research on the area of design and road safety as a common denominator, but research on billboards shows that if you look away from the road for more than two seconds, it affects road safety. In addition to this, experiences, storytelling and maps with different notes are examined to try to understand the complexity of information narration in a traffic situation. This is further investigated through three methods which are an external analysis, a questionnaire and a focus group. This results in a concept for the national road through Fagersta, which is embodied with an example of a re-design in a roundabout. / Detta är ett examensarbete inom informationsdesign med inriktningen rumslig gestaltning. I denna studie undersöks det hur historia skulle kunna gestaltas utmed en riksväg för att skapa identitet på en ort, och hur snabbt denna kommunikation bör ske. Fagersta är orten som undersöks, det är en liten bruksort som har en riksväg som går tvärsigenom staden. Vägen används av många boende dagligen och även turister och genomåkande, då det är den största vägen med mest täckning i Fagersta. Då rondellerna och refugerna utmed riksvägen är tomma eller har äldre Fagersta bruk föremål i sig med ett förförståelsekrav, så kommunicerar den ingen historia eller identitet till staden. Hur kan man kommunicera historia och identitet utmed en väg, när man har regler och hastighet att förhålla sig till? Området med gestaltning och trafiksäkerhet som gemensam nämnare finns det inte mycket forskat kring, men forskning om reklamskyltar visar på att om du tittar bort från vägen i mer än två sekunder så drabbar det trafiksäkerheten. Utöver detta så undersöks upplevelser, berättande och kartor med olika notationer för att försöka förstå detta komplexa samband med informationsberättande i en trafiksituation. Detta undersöks vidare genom tre metoder som är en omvärldsanalys, ett frågeformulär och en fokusgrupp. Detta resulterar i ett koncept för riksvägen igenom Fagersta, som gestaltas med ett exempel på en re-design i en rondell.

Master of Science / Department of Architecture / David R. Seamon / This thesis presents a redesign of Kansas City’s downtown Government District, making use of the conceptual approach provided by Responsive Environments (1985), a manual for urban design written by architects Ian Bentley and Alan Alcock, urban designers Sue McGlynn and Graham Smith, and landscape architect Paul Murrain. “Responsive environments” are those urban places, the physical settings of which maximize usability and social value by offering a wide range of day-to-day user choices within close proximity. The authors of Responsive Environments identify seven hierarchical qualities—permeability, variety, legibility, robustness, visual appropriateness, richness, and personalization—that are said to be vital in creating responsive environments within the city. Through a literature review and critique, chapters 1 and 2 of the thesis overview Responsive Environments in terms of several major theorists of urban place making, including urban theorist Bill Hillier (1984), urban critic Jane Jacobs (1961), and urban designer William Whyte (1980). In turn, chapters 3, 4, 5, and 6 investigate the practicability of Responsive Environments as an urban design approach by applying its three larger-scale qualities of permeability, variety, and legibility to the Government District, an existing urban area in downtown Kansas City, Missouri, presently underdeveloped in terms of environmental responsiveness and a strong sense of urban place. As a means to identify strengths and weaknesses of Responsive Environments, the last chapter of the thesis critiques the resulting Government District design. The thesis concludes that Responsive Environments is a valuable design approach that offers much for strengthening the quality of urban life and urban sustainability.

This thesis focuses on processes of Aboriginal community-making in Redfern, an inner city suburb of Sydney, Australia. It addresses the ways in which the Australian state governs Aboriginal people by developing 'projects of legibility' (and illegibility) concerning Aboriginal community sociality. To address Redfern Aboriginal community-making requires focusing on the ambiguities arising from the contemporary policy of 'Aboriginal self-determination' and adopting an ethnohistorical approach to Aboriginal community-making that has arisen under this policy rubric. By ethnohistorical I refer to the engagement of Aboriginal people in Redfern in Aboriginal community-making policy practices and not a historiography of these policies. Attention will be paid to past and present negotiations concerning the (re)development of the Redfern Aboriginal community and their intersections in the state-led redevelopment process Aboriginal community- makers were engaged in during the course of my research in 2005-2007. These negotiations centre on attempts made to reproduce certain forms of sociality that both reveal and obscure Aboriginal social relations when inscribed in the category 'Aboriginal community'. This analysis is meant to contribute to the limited anthropological research that exists on urban Aboriginal experiences generally and research conducted on Aboriginal experiences in southeastern Australia. It addresses the complex social field of Aboriginal community-making practices that exist in Australia where Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians are located within the bureaucratic structures of the state, institutional networks, as well as non-government community organisations. This research contributes to understanding 'the institutional construction of indigeneity' (Weiner 2006: 19) and how this informs the (re)development of urban Aboriginal communities.

Neste trabalho é analisada a retrorrefletividade (capacidade de um material permitir a visualização e a leitura de informações quando iluminadas pelo farol de um veículo), a conspicuidade (facilidade de chamar a atenção) e a legibilidade (facilidade de leitura de símbolos e palavras impressos) de placas de sinalização vertical de trânsito. A análise da retrorrefletividade foi feita mediante medições em laboratório com os materiais retrorrefletivos mais comumente utilizados na sinalização viária. A conspicuidade e a legibilidade foram analisadas em função do ambiente no qual está inserida a sinalização e o tipo de material retrorrefletivo utilizado. Considerando o fato de que as placas devem ter desempenho satisfatório tanto durante o dia como à noite, a conclusão é que as placas sem material refletivo não são recomendadas. Do ponto de vista estritamente técnico, as placas confeccionadas com materiais de maior retrorrefletividade são as mais indicadas. Cabe observar, no entanto, que os tamanhos das amostras utilizadas na elaboração dos experimentos sobre a conspicuidade e legibilidade não apresentam representatividade estatística em nível de significância adequado; razão pela qual os resultados obtidos devem ser vistos apenas como sinalizadores de tendências. / In this dissertation is analyzed the retroreflectivity (ability of a material to allow viewing and reading information when illuminated by the vehicle headlamp), the conspicuity (facility to get attention) and legibility (readability of printed words and symbols) plates in traffic sign. The analysis of retroreflection was made by laboratory measurements with retroreflective material most commonly used in road marking. Conspicuity and legibility were analyzed according to the environment the signal is inserted and the type of retroreflective material used. Considering the fact that the sign must have a satisfactory performance both during day and night, the conclusion is that the signs without reflective material are not recommended. From a strictly technical, the signs that use grater reflective material are the most suitable. It should be noted, however, that the samples sizes used in the experiments on the conspicuity and readability do not have a statistical significance level appropriate, and the results should be viewed only as trends indicators.

Esta pesquisa investiga os impactos do desenho urbano tradicional e modernista na orientação espacial em campi universitários, a partir da avaliação de usuários que diferem quanto ao grau de familiaridade com tais espaços. O problema de pesquisa reside na reprodução de projetos urbanísticos que remetem à lógica espacial preconizada pelo urbanismo moderno, os quais tenderiam a dificultar a legibilidade urbana, afetando negativamente a navegação. Assim, o objetivo é realizar um estudo comparativo detalhado dos efeitos de atributos físico-espaciais que compõem tais desenhos urbanos quanto à orientação espacial de seus usuários, a fim de contribuir para um melhor entendimento dos impactos de tais configurações na experiência espacial. Para tanto, são selecionados dois campi da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), localizados em Porto Alegre- RS: O Campus Centro, que representa o desenho urbano tradicional, com variedade arquitetônica, cujos prédios tendem a estar dispostos junto ao perímetro dos quarteirões e apresentam os acessos principais voltados para as ruas; e o Campus do Vale com características do desenho urbano modernista, onde verifica-se o predomínio da repetição e uniformidade entre os prédios dispostos em amplas áreas verdes, cujos acessos principais tendem a estar desvinculados das ruas. Os métodos de coletas de dados fazem parte dos utilizados na área de estudos Ambiente e Comportamento, sistematizados por meio de levantamento de arquivo, levantamento físico, mapas cognitivos, identificação e descrição de percursos, questionários e entrevistas. A análise de dados é realizada através de testes estatísticos não-paramétricos e da Sintaxe Espacial. Os resultados desta investigação demonstram que, independentemente do campus, os atributos físico-espaciais que remetem ao desenho urbano modernista tendem a ser avaliados negativamente quanto à orientação espacial pelos alunos calouros e, inclusive, pelos técnicos administrativos da UFRGS. Ainda, atributos arquitetônicos dos prédios como a falta de clareza no destaque formal do acesso principal e a menor visibilidade do acesso principal a partir da rua tendem a dificultar a orientação espacial. Foi confirmado que a avaliação do nível de facilidade de orientação espacial é influenciada fortemente pelo grau de familiaridade com o espaço. Entretanto, verifica-se o predomínio dos atributos físico-espaciais sobre o grau de familiaridade quando avaliados os níveis de facilidade de descrever o percurso para acesso ao prédio. Por fim, espera-se que os dados obtidos possam contribuir para qualificar projetos urbanísticos, a fim de responder melhor às necessidades dos usuários quanto à orientação espacial no espaço urbano. / This research investigates the impact of traditional and modern urban design in wayfinding performance in university campuses, based on evaluations of users who differ in the degree of familiarity with such spaces. The research problem concerns the propagation of urban projects that replicate the spatial logic advocated by modern urbanism, which would tend to hinder urban legibility, negatively affecting navigation. The purpose is to realize a comparative study about the impact of physical-spatial attributes considering different urban designs for its users wayfinding performance, in order to contribute to a better understanding of the impacts of such settings in the spatial experience. Therefore, two campuses of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), located in Porto Alegre-RS were selected: The Campus Centro, which refers the traditional urban design with architectural variety, whose buildings tend to be arranged at the perimeter of blocks and feature the main entrance facing the street; and Campus do Vale with characteristics of modern urban design, where there is a predominance of repetition and uniformity among the buildings, usually arranged in large green areas, whose main accesses tend to be disconnected from the streets. Data gathering means are part of those used in the Environment and Behavior area field of study, including archival records, field surveys, cognitive maps, identification of paths and route description, questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis was carried out through non-parametric statistical tests and space syntax theory. The results of this research show that, regardless of the campus, the physical-spatial attributes related to modernist urban design tend to be evaluated negatively on the wayfinding for freshmen students and even by UFRGS employees. Still, architectural attributes of the buildings, such as the lack of clarity in the identification of the main access and the lower visibility of the main access from the street tend to impair wayfinding. It was confirmed that the evaluation of the wayfinding facility level is strongly influenced by the degree of familiarity with the space. However, there is a predominance of physical-spatial attributes over the degree of familiarity when assessed levels of ease of describing the way to access the building. Finally, it is expected that the results obtained may contribute to qualify urban projects in order to better respond to users’ needs of wayfinding in the urban space.

Orientador: João Eduardo Guarnetti dos Santos / Banca: Marizilda dos Santos Menezes / Banca: Jair Rosas da Silva / Resumo: Este trabalho propõe a reelaboração do rótulo de embalagem de agrotóxico herbicida (tarja verde) por meio de uma metodologia de design ergonômico. Realizou-se uma análise dos problemas de leiaute de quatro embalagens comerciais, muito utilizadas. A partir disto, definiu-se os parâmetros para a configuração de uma nova proposta. Foi realizado o projeto do leiaute da mesma e, posteriormente, efetuado o teste em campo comparando-se o rótulo proposto com um modelo de embalagem comercial. Relatou-se, então, a opinião do usuário em seu ambiente de trabalho com a análise de eficiência dos rótulos: a rapidez de leitura, o entendimento do conteúdo e a usabilidade percebida pelo usuário. Os resultados apresentaram uma aceitação e bom desempenho para o rótulo desenvolvido. Foi observado a redução do tempo de leitura e localização da informação, bem como o aumento da sensação de conforto e segurança pelo usuário. Portanto, a embalagem desenvolvida através da metodologia do design ergonômico mostrou-se viável de ser implementada pois o teste com o consumidor foi positivo para as três variáveis analisadas. / Abstract: This work the rework of the herbicide packing label (green communication ban) by means of an ergonomic design methodology. Were realized an analysis of four commercial package layout problems, much used. From this, one defined the parameters for the configuration of a new proposal. The layout project of that was carried through, later, was effected the test in field comparing itself the label considered with a model of commercial packing. It was told, then, the opinion of the user in your environment of work with the analysis of efficiency of the labels: the rapidity of reading, the agreement of the content and the usability perceived for the user. The results had presented an evident acceptance and good performance for the developed label. It was observed the reduction of the reading time and localization of the information, as well as the increase comfort sensation and security for the user. Therefore, the packing developed through the methodology of design ergonomic revealed viable of being implemented therefore the test with the consumer was positive for three variables analyzed. / Mestre

Neste trabalho é analisada a retrorrefletividade (capacidade de um material permitir a visualização e a leitura de informações quando iluminadas pelo farol de um veículo), a conspicuidade (facilidade de chamar a atenção) e a legibilidade (facilidade de leitura de símbolos e palavras impressos) de placas de sinalização vertical de trânsito. A análise da retrorrefletividade foi feita mediante medições em laboratório com os materiais retrorrefletivos mais comumente utilizados na sinalização viária. A conspicuidade e a legibilidade foram analisadas em função do ambiente no qual está inserida a sinalização e o tipo de material retrorrefletivo utilizado. Considerando o fato de que as placas devem ter desempenho satisfatório tanto durante o dia como à noite, a conclusão é que as placas sem material refletivo não são recomendadas. Do ponto de vista estritamente técnico, as placas confeccionadas com materiais de maior retrorrefletividade são as mais indicadas. Cabe observar, no entanto, que os tamanhos das amostras utilizadas na elaboração dos experimentos sobre a conspicuidade e legibilidade não apresentam representatividade estatística em nível de significância adequado; razão pela qual os resultados obtidos devem ser vistos apenas como sinalizadores de tendências. / In this dissertation is analyzed the retroreflectivity (ability of a material to allow viewing and reading information when illuminated by the vehicle headlamp), the conspicuity (facility to get attention) and legibility (readability of printed words and symbols) plates in traffic sign. The analysis of retroreflection was made by laboratory measurements with retroreflective material most commonly used in road marking. Conspicuity and legibility were analyzed according to the environment the signal is inserted and the type of retroreflective material used. Considering the fact that the sign must have a satisfactory performance both during day and night, the conclusion is that the signs without reflective material are not recommended. From a strictly technical, the signs that use grater reflective material are the most suitable. It should be noted, however, that the samples sizes used in the experiments on the conspicuity and readability do not have a statistical significance level appropriate, and the results should be viewed only as trends indicators.