Zugl.: Wuppertal, Univ., Diss.

The traditional monopoly of politics and international relations on theorizing power, authority and legitimacy has eroded in the late modern era. The complexity of these domains has been compounded in a strongly interconnected, post-Westphalian world, where sovereignty and statehood are increasingly negotiated, where centres of power and authority have shifted and where new configurations of governance have come to the fore. The conventional conceptual toolbox of inter-national relations has been slow to adapt, and so the need to embrace insights from other disciplines never greater. The study of legitimacy in particular has been hamstrung by conventional drawings of both sovereignty and authority. Public authority, in the Weberian idealist sense, is the legitimated exercise of power. The study of power has broadened considerably in this timeframe; legitimacy, or rather the practice of legitimation, must mirror power's analytical expansion. Even where the need to broaden our conceptualization of legitimation has been conceded, its empirical content has remained woefully thin. The question of how political actors legitimate their authority to act thus remains under-theorized and under-researched. This thesis contributes to contemporary debates regarding power, legitimation and authority in two key respects. The first is in theorizing legitimation as practice: the everyday 'socially meaningful patterns of action' (Adler & Pouliot 2011, p3) that render power authoritative. This practice-based approach, benefitting in particular from the legacies of Foucault and Bourdieu, moves firmly away from accounts of legitimacy as 'inputs' and 'outputs' towards a more processual account. The second is in locating these everyday practices beyond formalized institutions, undertaken by a range of actors in a range of forums. The increasingly blurred 'non-state' operates in the margins between global and local; national/international; public/private and indeed state/non-state, whilst nonetheless sustaining a claim to publicness. These 'twilight' institutions (Lund 2006a) include the non-government organizations in Tanzania on which this thesis is focussed. It draws on extensive critical ethnography in locating everyday governmental and non-governmental legitimation practice, whilst linking the local to the global. This is not solely about facilitating the travel of international relations to its hitherto geographical and theoretical margins, but to return with rigour to the centrality of legitimation as experienced in 'most of the world' (Chatterjee 2004). It asks, in short, how NGOs, as non-state actors, legitimate their authority to act in the everyday, within today's interconnected world.

Zugl.: Erlangen, Nürnberg, Univ., Diss., 2008

Zugl.: Hagen, Fernuniv., Diss., 2005

Zugl.: Freiburg (Breisgau), Univ., Diss., 2008/2009

Diss. Recht Bern, 1965. / Éd. commerciale de la thèse de Berne de 1965. Bibliogr.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2002--Osnabrück.

A case study has been conducted on an electronic identification service called “Svensk e-legitimation”. The service has been developed on behalf of the Swedish government and is provided by a board created in 2011, E-legitimationsnämnden. The service, whose purpose is to assist with identification at Swedish authorities, also increases the competitiveness between the issuers of e-ID. By reviewing the documents published on websites regarding the service a risk area has been identified. To demonstrate the importance of addressing the risks four attack scenarios were created, scenarios which potential attackers might use. Finally, a solution which aims to secure the identified risks is presented. / En fallstudie har utförts på den elektroniska legitimeringstjänsten Svensk e-legitimation vilken tillhandahålls av E-legitimationsnämnden på uppdrag av Sveriges riksdag. Tjänsten, vars syfte är att bistå med legitimeringsmöjligheter för svenska myndigheter, ökar dessutom konkurrenskraften mellan utfärdare av e-legitimation. Genom att granska dokument publicerade på hemsidor för tjänsten har en hotbild identifierats. För att demonstrera vikten av att åtgärda riskerna inom hotbilden framställdes fyra angreppsscenarion vilka potentiella angripare skulle kunna använda. Slutligen presenterades en lösning vilken ämnar säkerställa de risker som identifierats.

My project explores ways in which legitimacy is granted within the literary field. This is done through an analysis of literary anthologies, university course syllabi, publishing trends, literary prizes, and levels and sources of critical attention. The project seeks to determine the extent to which the works of Afro-descendant Spanish American and Belizean writers are reflected in the hegemonic Spanish American and Anglophone Caribbean literary canons. I examine the works of Cristina Rodríguez Cabral (Uruguay), Shirley Campbell Barr, and Delia McDonald Woolery (Costa Rica), and Zee Edgell, and Zoila Ellis (Belize). The project records the varying degrees of legitimation these writers have received and the factors that have had an impact on their recognition. It also shows that literary interculturality is possible in Spanish America and the Anglophone Caribbean through the aesthetics some writers employ and the activities of legitimizing agencies. Further I propose a plurality of canons based on the concept of plural public spheres/counterpublics as outlined by Nancy Fraser and Michael Warner. My analysis of Belizean works emphasizes ways in which a national literary canon can be considered a counterpublic within a regional literary corpus. The concept of counterpublics I use to present the works analyzed is a model other scholars can employ in their examination of other minority literatures.

Ortopedingenjören har rätt till legitimation sedan 1 april 2006. Hur ortopedingenjören upplever denna förändring av yrkets förutsättningar och hur de ser på den egna yrkesprofessionen saknas det i dagsläget kunskap om. Syftet med studien var att identifiera och karakterisera ortopedingenjörens yrkesparadigm, det vill säga ortopedingenjörers syn på sin profession och sitt yrkesutövande. Syftet var vidare att ställa ovanstående begrepp i relation till före och efter legitimering. Denna studie utfördes med en kvalitativ metod. Fyra fokusgrupper som bestod av fyra till sex legitimerade ortopedingenjörer i varje grupp intervjuades med Nominalgruppteknik (NGT). Genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys identifierades 19 kategorier som sammanfördes i sex teman. Dessa sex teman som framkom relaterades till Törnebohms paradigmteori: Intresse, Kompetens, Världsbild och Verksamhetssyn. Resultatet visade att respondenterna upplevde att det är viktigt med uppföljning och utvärdering av ortopedtekniska behandlingar, men att det idag saknas möjligheter inom ramen för yrkesprofessionen att utföra detta på grund av tidsbrist. Vidare visade studien att det finns skillnader mellan respondenternas etiska medvetenhet och uppfattning om hur långt det egna ansvaret sträcker sig som legitimerad ortopedingenjör. Slutsatsen blir att det är viktigt att ortopedingenjörerna tar ett personligt ansvar och att verksamheten ta sig tid för uppföljning och utvärdering. Det är också viktigt att de etiska reglerna klargörs.