Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The study aimed to investigate the kind of knowledge privileged when student teachers use Information Communication Technologies in facilitating learning in science subjects. The assumptions were that future student teachers, through their pedagogic practices, may either reproduce or interrupt educational inequalities. The ability to interrupt inequalities is conditioned by the manner in which these student teachers have been inducted into the field of teacher education and this process includes the ability to manipulate technological resources to facilitate epistemological access. This concept originally coined by Morrow in the 1980s looked at black students seeking entry to university. Since then the concept was used to signify the importance of knowledge in the curriculum. In this study, the exploration of epistemological access goes beyond physical or formal access and includes meaningful access to knowledge. The semantics dimension of Legitimation Code Theory (LCT) proposed by Maton was used, with a particular focus on semantic density (SD) as a theoretical framework. Maton argues that semantic density can vary across teaching practices and contexts. The study assumes that student teachers, through their pedagogic practices, may either reproduce or interrupt educational inequalities

Löve, C. Socionomlegitimation. En kvalitativ studie om socionomers syn på legitimering av yrkesgruppen. Examensarbete i socialt arbete 15 högskolepoäng. Malmöuniversitet: Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle, institutionen för socialt arbete, 2020. Socionomlegitimation har diskuterats och föreslagits under cirka femtio års tid. Studien undersöker yrkesverksamma socionomers inställning till en potentiell yrkeslegitimation. Fackförbundet SSR har flest anslutna socionomer i sitt förbund och initierade arbetet mot en socionomlegitimation på 1970-talet. Årligen skrivs motioner till regeringen med motivation till en yrkeslegitimation för socionomer, men det har ännu inte blivit aktuellt. Forskning påvisar flera effekter av en yrkeslegitimation såsom en starkare status i relation till andra yrkesgrupper men även att det ger effekter för den hierarkiska strukturen inom yrkesgruppen. Studien tittar närmre på vilka processer som krävs för att förflytta en yrkesgrupps status, vilket professionsforskningen påvisar som essentiellt för att ett yrke skall etablera sig för en legitimation. Resultatet påvisar att yrkesverksamma socionomer ser flera vinster med yrkeslegitimering. Informanternas mening sammanfaller med forskningens vinster av yrkeslegitimering. / Löve, C. Professional certification for social workers. A qualitative study on social workers view on a potential professional certification of the profession. Degree project in Social work 15 credits. Malmö University: Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Social Work, 2020.The discussion about a professional certification for social workers has been going on for about fifty years. This study examines professional social workers attitude to a potential professional certification. The largest union for social workers in Sweden is SSR and they initiated the work towards a professional certification in the 70-ies. Motions to the government is written yearly, but there hasn´t been any changes yet. Professional certifications bring effects as enhanced status in relation to other professions, but it also creates a stronger hierarchy within the profession, this is showed by professional research. As to be read in profession research a profession needs to improve its status in order to move towards a process of a professional certification. In this study I´ll try to visualise these processes in order to improve the knowledge of some underlying factors. The result of this study shows that social workers agrees on the fact that a professional certification is beneficial on many levels. The most obvious correlation between this study and earlier research is the effect that a professional certification would have on social workers status.

Le Sénat de la IIIème République de Pologne est une institution restaurée en 1989. Elle faisait alors partie d’un compromis conclu dans les négociations de la Table ronde, devenant ainsi un symbole fort de la démocratisation de la Pologne. Pourtant cette seconde chambre polonaise a vite perdu sa légitimité originelle. En outre, le bicamérisme polonais manque d’une vision cohérente. Le Sénat est donc continuellement en quête d’une mission.Ce travail propose de porter un regard nouveau sur le Sénat polonais, en adoptant une approche compréhensive focalisée sur ses membres, les sénateurs. L’analyse de leurs stratégies de légitimation, effectuée à partir d’un important corpus de discours, montre que les sénateurs emploient des arguments qui renvoient à la fois à l’origine aristocratique de ce corps parlementaire et à la genèse démocratique du Sénat après 1989. A travers la combinaison paradoxale de ces deux registres contradictoires, ils tentent de contribuer à leur propre légitimation et celle de leur institution. Dans le cadre de cette approche, le métier sénatorial est également soumis à une analyse sociologique. D’abord, l’activité des sénateurs est analysée dans son homogénéité pour passer ensuite à l’examen des rôles parlementaires. / The Senate of the Third Republic of Poland is an institution restored in 1989. It was then a part of the compromise reached in the negotiations of the Round Table, becoming a sign of the democratization of Poland. Yet, this Polish second chamber quickly lost its primary legitimacy. In addition, the Polish bicameralism lacks of a coherent vision. Thus, the Senate is continually in search of a mission.This work proposes to take a new look at the Polish Senate, adopting a comprehensive approach focused on its members, senators. Analyses of their legitimization strategies performed from an important speech corpus shows that senators employ arguments referring to both the aristocratic origin of this parliamentary body and democratic genesis of the Polish Senate after 1989. By the paradoxical combination of these two contradictory records, they attempt to contribute to the legitimization of themselves and their institution. Under this approach, the Senate activity is examined as well. First, the activity of senators is analyzed in its homogeneity and second, their parliamentary roles are considered.

This essay discusses the decision of licensing for nursery and school teachers. In Swedish society there has for a long time been discourse about professionalisation within various industries, including teaching. One strategy towards achieving professional status is official authorisation of a profession, which occurs when a profession obtains licensing. In February 2011, the Swedish government announced the decision that nursery and school teachers would be licensed. This means that only those with an education can be employed as a teacher and obtain that license. The Swedish school has a long tradition of both educated and uneducated personnel who can work as a teacher, so the introduction of licensing for teachers is a radical change and will affect all personnel within the school system. In this essay I aim to present previous research relevant to the study such as status, profession, background history regarding the preschool and its development. My interest lies in how licensing is perceived by preschool directors and what their perception is of nursery teaching as a profession. In my study, I chose to interview four nursery directors using a qualitative interview method, with a phenomenological and hermeneutic perspective. From the study emerge rich descriptions of the phenomenon, perceptions about both the licensing and profession of nursery teacher

The debates over the structure of the Turkish government in the context of Public Administration Reform that point to restructuration of state and/or to re-organization of social relations between state, market and &amp / #8216 / civil society&amp / #8217 / have gained momentum especially since the arrival of draft law about Main Principles of Public Administration and Restructuring of Public Administration to the Turkish Parliament. This thesis attempts to analyze the debate on recent public administration reform in Turkey in the contexts of the socio-economic transformations of new capitalism/neo-liberalism within the notion of decentralization and of how/in what ways the neoliberal policies have been legitimated within the specific historical context of Turkish public administration reform. The purpose of the study is to understand the connection between the legal text of public sector reform and the social context in which these legal regulations find their meanings. For this aim, the debate on public administration reform in the Turkish Parliament was argued as a discursive battlefield where the demands and interests of the conflicting social groups &amp / #8216 / clash&amp / #8217 / with each other. Therefore, this study concentrates its attention on the critical analysis of the discursive acts of the Justice and Development Party government, and of the Republican People&amp / #8217 / s Party on reform for understanding how both authority/legitimacy and resistance/de-legitimacy are (re)produced within the parliamentary debates/discourse.

This paper analyses how Putin legitimizes his role conceptions in order to justify his annexation of Crimea. In order to reduce the likelihood of the foreign role being challenged while subscribing to the ego and alter expectations, it is necessary for decision makers to legitimize role perceptions. In this paper, the concept of role legitimation is developed and two mechanisms for legitimating roles are proposed. The first mechanism is ego expectations, namely the revival of roles from a specific period of time that is deeply embedded as an inalienable historical feature of the state. The second is alter expectations, namely the reproduction of international expectations in foreign policy discourse. To illustrate the argument, Putin's speech after the annexation of Crimea in 2014 is analyzed.

This research is based on semi-structured interviews with thirty-two people who understand themselves to be suffering from health problems called ecological illness, or environmental hypersensitivity. The research examines the experience of ecological illness. Given that the medical status of ecological illness is controversial, and that troubles considered to be ecological illness are typically vague and non-specific, the study focuses on meanings and interpretive frameworks that are applied in the definition of such troubles; by those affected, by significant others, and by physicians. The analysis examines the nature and course over time of definitions of trouble-related identity and the social psychological and practical consequences of such definitions for respondents' illness experience. Because respondents largely define their troubles as physical health problems, a central issue in the analysis is the medical and social legitimation of illness claims. The research found that, in the course of seeking medical treatment and legitimation for their problems, people's experiences of trouble were typically discredited. They were long unable to resolve conflicts between a self-identity as sick and others' assessments of them as "not sick" or psychologically troubled. While the eventual diagnosis of hypersensitivity was a profound relief to people in many respects, it was often not recognized and accepted by others as a basis for informal or "official'' sick role considerations. Because of scepticism toward the concept of multiple sensitivities, many people continued to feel stigmatized by their problems. The study illustrates the impact and significance of controversies within medicine for the experience of certain kinds of health problems. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

What is ‘legitimacy’? Is legitimation possible through non-linguistic modes? These are the key theoretical questions with which this study is concerned. It explores them in conjunction with an analysis of American political spot advertisements. These ads are situated at the nexus between legitimation and multimodality, and their relevance to contemporary politics on the world stage is reflected in the immense financial and skilled resources which have been — and continue to be — devoted to them. A historical perspective into legitimation, multimodality and the attendant concepts of rationality and irrationality is given, followed by a discussion challenging the assumed rational role accorded to language. So challenged, the discussion moves to looking at the pairing of multimodality and politics; first from a historical viewpoint, and then from a more contemporary one. The role of myth, in the form of the American Dream, is investigated, leading to discussion of political appropriation, branding, tangibility, affordances and the (im)possibility of restricting interpretation. Spot ads are analysed with a specific focus: first on modal salience, and secondly on how the semiotic richness of the concept of nature is exploited for purposes of legitimation.

Specifically, this dissertation explains the rise of the for-profit university in the United States. Generally, it explains the legitimation of a new (form of) organization in an institutional environment.In this dissertation I demonstrate that organizational legitimation is a process whereby a key audience serving as an institutional gatekeeper cognitively comprehends an applicant as a member of an existing category in the audience's classification system. When this process is problematic or contested, it consists of active negotiations between the audience and the applicant (and sometimes third parties) over how to apply or interpret the rules of classification.Using a case-study framework I selected seven cases from the history of the leading for-profit university, the University of Phoenix. These cases represented episodes of successful legitimation by the three key gatekeeping audiences in the postsecondary education environment. I assembled the documentary record for each of these cases and supplemented them with informant interviews. With this evidence I compiled a narrative for each episode which I then analyzed using comparative and historical methods.I found that audiences' classification systems varied according to their category configurations and their classification rules, and that these variations may affect how legitimation proceeds. I further found that audiences and applicants draw from their own tool kits of unilateral, bilateral, and multilateral strategies. Finally, I found that legitimation may proceed according to one of several different temporal models.

This thesis is concerned with how entrepreneurs’ performance - the act of impression (Goffman, 1959a), is accomplished through emotion management - the work that an individual does to manage and display situation-appropriate feelings (Hochschild, 1983). There is literature that suggests that understanding entrepreneurs’ emotion management is needed (Goss, 2008; Hampson & Junor, 2005) with Goss (2008) maintaining that entrepreneurs’ management of emotion is integral to their activities. This thesis provides the specific consideration that has been lacking. Empirically, drawing on data obtained from entrepreneur interviews, this study extends Hochschild’s (1983) list of occupations that conduct emotion management to the field of entrepreneurship. Theoretically, Hochschild’s (1983) theory of emotion management has been reconceptualised to become more interactionally sensitive. Influenced by symbolic interactionism (Blumer, 1969) with experiences, interpretations of meaning and actions drawn on to show how performance and emotion management emerge in interaction. Emotion management is conceived of as a negotiation where both ‘normative’ pressures such as the two sets of entrepreneurship feeling rules that have been identified – feeling of engagement and feeling of detachment, and interpretive conceptualisation, are taken into account in the development of a shared scheme of understanding. Goffman’s (1959a) ideas around the presentation of self have been drawn on in rendering visible entrepreneurs’ performance as embodied, relational co-operative, and professional and appropriate. Entrepreneurs are negotiators conceiving of their performance and emotion management as resourceful, negotiated, self-interpretive work. This negotiated work is a process of ‘fluid equilibrium’, that is, a dynamic continuous process of negotiation where entrepreneurs’ legitimation is produced and maintained. Entrepreneurs negotiate power dimensions drawing on strategies such as bounded disclosure where they manage the information they divulge. However the findings from this study also demonstrate that tensions and complexities can emerge resulting in lapses in performance. These are explained through issues of ambivalence towards emotion management, ambiguity over social boundaries and inadequacy in managing information flow.