This thesis examines unicellular microorganism of the genus Acanthamoeba, as well as the disease it causes - acanthamoeba keratitis. It is an eye disease, which occurs mainly in people using contact lenses. Since acanthamoeba attacks visual apparatus, several parts of the thesis are dedicated to the anatomy of said apparatus, especially to the eye ball. The symptoms, diagnostics, treatment as well as prevention of the disease are included as well. The thesis furthemore mentions individual types of contact lenses, their proper hygiene and care and most of all, the danger, that comes with improper handling - acanthamoeba keratitis. A survey, that took place among elementary school and high school students, found out, that almost none of the elementary school students wear contact lenses, whereas contact lenses are worn by approximately 15% of students at high school. Among other issues, the survey concludes, that only a small part of elementary school students prefers contact lenses to glasses, though glasses are needed by a vast majority of them. At high school level, wearing contact lenses becomes more common, for aesthetics or other reasons. Ophtalmologist is regularly visited by 35 % of interviewed students. An analysis of six different natural science and biology textbooks for the 8th grade of...

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Electron microscopy has become an essential component in many scientific fields, in which it contributes to new discoveries. The microscopy itself is continually being developed and the limits, which seemed to be insurmountable, have been overcome. The instruments have become user friendlier and their mobility enables flexible practical use in the field. The subject of this work is the design of a scanning electron microscope, the calculation of a magnetic curcuit of an immersion objective combined with standard lens, the theoretical calculation of a microscope resolution and the design solution of the mechanical parts of the microscope with a sample manipulator. The thesis includes a description of the electron microscopy development summarizing it briefly from the very beginning up to now. It also deals with electron sources, especially the Shottky cathode, which is to be the main object observed by the proposed device. The work also contains a description of the calculation of the microscope resolution as a function of the current density distribution. Another interesting issue included in the theoretical part is the signal detection, a description of several types of detectors and possible signal processing. The solution of the thesis includes a description of the concept of the scanning electron microscope with an explanation of the distribution of combined lens functions. The optical diagram shows the arrangement of the electron optics system and the distibution of pressure in the chamber of the microscope. The theoretical calculation is devoted to the magnetic curcuit design of the objective and to the resolution of the microscope for a given extent of working distances. Two modifications of the lens were designed – a standard simple objective and a combination of the standard objective with the immersion magnetic one. The results of both modifications are given for the parameters to be compared. The combined objective was designed with the possibility of use in two modes, as a standard and immersion lens. The deflection system is also divided into two modes, as a single deflection for the standard lens and as a two-dimension deflection for the immersion lens. Detectors for secondary electrons (SE) and detectors for back scattered electrons (BSE) will be used for the signal detection. The design of the microscope is another large part, which gives details on the most significant components of the microscope. The content of the technical solution is a three-dimensional computer model, created in Autodesk Inventor, which also includes a sample manipulator driven by piezoelectric actuators.

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With the rise of high frequency communication systems such as 5G, new types of antennas has to be developed in order to meet the new requirements. In recent years, lens antennas made of periodic structures has been shown to have desirable performance when increasing operational frequency without increasing the size of the antennas. One way of manufacturing the lenses for the antennas are with 3D printers loaded with dielectrics with specified permittivity. This project group studied the process of designing and manufacturing a flat Maxwell fish eye lens at 5 GHz with a bandwidth of 3.5 GHz to 6 GHz. The resulting design is a lens based on a periodic configuration of cuboid unit cells made from dielectrics which consisted of a hole. By choosing the ratio of dielectric and holes in the unit cells, each part of the lens could be tuned to achieve a specific effective refractive index required for realising the Maxwell fish eye lens.

La myopie est désormais considérée un problème de santé publique par l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé et de multiples méthodes ont été mises en place afin de contrôler sa progression chez les jeunes en croissance. Parmi celles-ci, les lentilles cornéennes multifocales sont utilisées, permettant une focalisation au niveau de la rétine centrale et un défocus myopique en périphérie. Ce défocus rétinien aurait comme effet de diminuer la progression de la myopie et l’élongation du globe oculaire. Comme plusieurs études ont montré que la rétine est apte à percevoir le défocus et à différencier son sens, l’utilisation d’outils tels que l’électrorétinographie permet d’étudier ce phénomène plus en profondeur. Cette étude vise donc à mesurer la réponse rétinienne, à 5 différentes excentricités, avec l’électrorétinographie lorsqu’on soumet la rétine à un défocus myopique en utilisant des lentilles cornéennes multifocales à addition élevée et à comparer cet effet lorsque le diamètre de leurs zones optiques varie. Le flash global mfERG a été effectué sur 27 participants à trois reprises, soit avec une lentille cornéenne ne causant pas de défocus et avec deux lentilles multifocales ayant des zones optiques de différents diamètres (4mm et 7mm), permettant ainsi de varier l’aire du défocus. Les résultats montrent que l’amplitude de l’onde directe, causée principalement par les photorécepteurs et les cellules bipolaires, n’est pas influencée par le design des lentilles. L’amplitude de l’onde induite est toutefois diminuée de façon significative avec la LC ayant une zone optique plus petite et causant un défocus sur une plus grande surface rétinienne. Cette différence est présente au niveau de l’anneau 5, qui correspond à une excentricité rétinienne de 15,7o à 24,0o. Ceci précise l’endroit qui semblerait le plus sensible au défocus myopique. Ces données peuvent influencer le design des lentilles souples multifocales utilisées pour le contrôle de la myopie. / Myopia is now considered a public health issue by the World Health Organization and multiple methods have been developed to control its progression. Among these methods, soft multifocal contact lenses are used, which allow a focused image on the central retina and a myopic defocus peripherally. This retinal defocus impacts the progression of myopia and axial length. Since several studies have shown that the retina is sensitive to the type of defocus, the use of tools such as electroretinography allow the study of the retinal response in greater depth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the retinal response, at 5 different eccentricities, with electroretinography when the retina is subjected to myopic defocus using different high addition soft multifocal contact lenses and to compare this effect when the diameter of their optical zones varies. 27 participants performed a global flash mfERG three times, either with a single vision contact lens or with two multifocal lenses carrying different optical zone diameters (4mm and 7mm), allowing for the variation in defocus area. The results show that the amplitude of the direct wave, caused mainly by photoreceptors and bipolar cells, is not influenced by the design of the lenses. The amplitude of the induced wave, however, is significantly decreased when the optical zone is smaller and the lenses cause a defocus over a larger retinal area. This difference is present at ring 5, which corresponds to a retinal eccentricity of 15.7o to 24.0o. This specifies the location that would appear to be most sensitive to myopic defocus. This data may influence the design of multifocal soft lenses used for myopia control.

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Wearable technology has made a positive impact in the consumer industry with its focus on adult fitness. Devices and applications are pervasive, inexpensive and are in high demand. Our nation struggles with obesity and health concerns related to poor fitness. However, the research on such technology has been more focused on adults. Therefore, the need to investigate wearable technology for fitness improvement with children is essential. Children lead increasingly sedentary lifestyles through TV watching, technology-use and a reduction in physical activities. Further, our society is exposed to quick food loaded with calories. These factors contribute to the growing epidemic of childhood obesity. The need to educate students early, on their ability to monitor their fitness, is the focus of this research. This dissertation investigated the impact of an integrated technology-enhanced physical education model with 127 fifth grade students over an 11-week period. A detailed analysis, looking at theoretical perspectives across multiple data collections was conducted. This study answered the questions, 1. To what extent can students improve their performance with technology-enhanced physical education? 2. To what extent can students learn to self-monitor their performance levels? How do affective components impact teaching and learning with a technology-enhanced physical education model? Results showed that technology-enhanced physical education does improve performance measures, does improve students' ability to self-regulate and positively impacts student and teachers' affective states. However long term results were inconclusive, stimulating multiple, potential opportunities for continued research.