Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-08T13:37:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Mariana Guedes Camargo.pdf: 1490617 bytes, checksum: fa92cbaf85207d3979daee781f5d74b1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-08T13:37:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Mariana Guedes Camargo.pdf: 1490617 bytes, checksum: fa92cbaf85207d3979daee781f5d74b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The formulations of entomopathogenic fungi to control ticks has been widely studied. The present study evaluated the efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato (s.l.) and Beauveria bassiana oily formulations on different Rhipicephalus microplus stages. The efficacy of conidial aqueous suspensions was compared to the efficacy of conidia formulated in 10, 15 or 20% mineral oil. Twelve groups were studied: one control aqueous, three control groups oil-based at 10%, 15% or 20%, two fungal aqueous suspensions of M. anisopliae s.l. or B. bassiana and M. anisopliae s.l. or B. bassiana oil-based formulations at 10%, 15% or 20%. To prepare aqueous suspensions and oily formulations, fungal isolates were cultivated on grains rice in polypropylene bags. The conidial suspensions and formulations had concentration of 108 conidia/mL. Bioassays were repeated twice. After treatment, the biological parameters of engorged females were evaluated; the following parameters were evaluated in the bioassays with eggs: period of incubation, period of hatch and hatching percentage; in bioassays with larva mortality was evaluated. Metarhizium anisopliae s.l. and B. bassiana oil-based formulations were more effective than aqueous suspensions to R. microplus eggs, larvae and engorged females. Metarhizium anisopliae s.l. oil-based formulations caused significant effects in all biological parameters of engorged females while B. bassiana oil-based formulations modified significantly the nutritional index only. Metarhizium anisopliae s.l. and B. bassiana formulated in mineral oil caused a control percentage up to 93.69% and 21.67%, respectively, while M. anisopliae s.l. and B. bassiana aqueous suspension caused a control percentage of 18.70% and 1.72%, respectively. Eggs treated with M. anisopliae s.l. and B. bassiana oil-based formulations had reduced percentage of hatch up to 102.5 and 3.65 times, respectively. In the bioassay with larvae, M. anisopliae s.l. oil-based formulations caused approximately 100% mortality five days after treatment, while larva treated with B. bassiana oil-based formulations reached 100% mortality only at day 20 after treatment. Larva from oil-based control groups had mortality at day 15 after treatment, indicating possible toxic effect off the oil for this R. microplus stage. The results showed that M. anisopliae s.l., Ma 959 isolate, was more virulent to R. microplus engorged females, eggs and larvae than B. bassiana, Bb 986 isolate. The fungal mineral oily formulations tested were more effective than the aqueous suspension. Oil-based formulations at 10%, 15% or 20% enhances the activity of M. anisopliae s.l., Ma 959, and B. bassiana, Bb 986, to R. microplus tick and can be used as an adjuvant for oily formulations / A utiliza??o de formula??es de fungos entomopatog?nicos no controle de carrapatos tem sido amplamente estudada. O presente estudo avaliou a efic?cia de formula??es do isolado Ma 959 de Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato (s.l.) e Bb 986 de Beauveria bassiana contendo 10%, 15% e 20% de ?leo mineral sobre ovos, larvas e f?meas ingurgitadas de Rhipicephalus microplus, al?m de comparar a efici?ncia entre formula??es oleosas e suspens?es aquosas dos mesmos isolados f?ngicos sobre as fases do desenvolvimento do carrapato R. microplus. Foram formados doze grupos: controle aquoso e controles com 10%, 15% ou 20% de ?leo mineral, suspens?o aquosa de M. anisopliae s.l. ou B. bassiana e formula??es de M. anisopliae s.l. ou B. bassiana contendo 10%, 15% ou 20% de ?leo mineral. Para o preparo das suspens?es aquosas e formula??es oleosas, os isolados f?ngicos foram cultivados em gr?os de arroz acondicionado em sacos de polipropileno. As suspens?es e formula??es conidiais utilizadas possu?am concentra??o de 108 con?dios/mL. Os bioensaios foram repetidos duas vezes. Os par?metros biol?gicos das f?meas ingurgitadas foram avaliados; em rela??o aos ovos foram avaliados os per?odos de incuba??o e eclos?o e o percentual de eclos?o, e para larvas foi avaliado o percentual de mortalidade. As formula??es oleosas de M. anisopliae s.l. e de B. bassiana foram mais eficazes sobre ovos, larvas e f?meas ingurgitadas de R. microplus do que as suspens?es aquosas. O isolado de M. anisopliae s.l. formulado em ?leo mineral causou altera??es significativas em todos os par?metros de f?meas ingurgitadas, entretanto, as formula??es oleosas do isolado de B. bassiana alteraram significativamente somente o ?ndice nutricional. Os isolados f?ngicos de M. anisopliae s.l. e B. bassiana formulados em ?leo mineral apresentaram percentual de controle de at? 93,69% e 21.67%, respectivamente, enquanto que o percentual de controle das suspens?es aquosas de M. anisopliae s.l. e B. bassiana foi de 18,70% e 1,72%, respectivamente. No tratamento de ovos, as formula??es oleosas de M. anisopliae s.l. e B. bassiana causaram redu??o no percentual de eclos?o de at? 102,5 e 3,64 vezes, respectivamente. No bioensaio com larvas, as formula??es oleosas de M. anisopliae s.l. causaram um percentual de mortalidade pr?ximo a 100% no quinto dia ap?s o tratamento, enquanto que as formula??es de B. bassiana atingiram este percentual somente no 20? dia ap?s o tratamento. Os grupos controle contendo ?leo mineral causaram mortalidade de larvas a partir do 15? dia ap?s o tratamento, indicando um poss?vel efeito t?xico do ?leo sobre este est?gio de R. microplus. Os resultados demonstram que o isolado Ma 959 de M. anisopliae s.l. foi mais virulento para f?meas ingurgitadas, ovos e larvas de R. microplus do que o isolado Bb 986 de B. bassiana. As formula??es oleosas dos fungos testados foram mais eficazes do que as suspens?es aquosas. O ?leo mineral utilizado nas concentra??es de 10%, 15% e 20% potencializa a a??o dos isolados Ma 959 de M. anisopliae s.l. e Bb 986 de B. bassiana contra o carrapato R. microplus, podendo ser utilizado como adjuvante em formula??es oleosas.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2018-04-10T15:37:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Gabriela Fernandes Samico.pdf: 726920 bytes, checksum: 6b47b0e0b5e09678a7fcd0004c798bd6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-10T15:37:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Gabriela Fernandes Samico.pdf: 726920 bytes, checksum: 6b47b0e0b5e09678a7fcd0004c798bd6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-13 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior, CAPES, Brasil. / The passionfruit (Passiflora edulis, F. flavicarpa, Deg) it is fruit originary of America Tropical, that deserves prominence for the sensorial characteristics of the juice that produces, traditionally consumed in natural way or industrialized, being important source of minerals and vitamins, as calcium, phosphorous and vitamin C. Brazil is the main producing and consuming country of passionfruit. The excellent acceptance of this juice has been responsible for the increment of culture of passionfruit, the industries extracting machines only use to advantage the pulp, that represents about 30% of the weight of the fruit, the remain, peel and seeds, that according to some authors, 70% of the all up weight correspond, when used in the feeding of animals are not thrown in the garbage, without no treatment, causing serious problems to the ecosystem, with consequences in the health of the bordering population. This work had objective to develop technology for oil obtention of seeds of passionfruit feeding human being and to characterize its physical and chemical properties, and to evaluate proteinic and energy the mineral content, of the defatted deeds, effluent of this process and uses it in the cookie elaboration. The analyses had disclosed that the seed of passionfruit partially dehydrated contained 1.7% of oil, consisting of 14,64% of oleic acid and 69.73% of linoleic acid. Tests of oxidation of this fraction showed that the OSI of this oil was of 11h. The defatted seeds have 8.44% of humidity on average, 0.71% of reducing carbohydrates, 1.82% of not reducing carbohydrates, 4.22% of starch, 31.42% of protein, 1.18% of lipids, 3.64% of soluble fibers, 64.30% of insoluble fibers and 1.38% of leached ashes. The sensorial tests show the preference for the formularization that contained 8% of Flour of seed taken away the fat of passionfruit. The perspective of exploitation of this residue of the manufacter process, will become the agro-industrial one of passionfruit more income-producing, since they also exist alternative viable of exploitation of the rind, with this, is possible to implant in the agroindustry of passionfruit, so dreamed clean technology. / O maracuj? (Passiflora edulis, f. flavicarpa, Deg) ? um fruto origin?rio da Am?rica Tropical, que merece destaque pelas caracter?sticas sensoriais do suco que produz,, tradicionalmente consumido ao natural ou industrializado, sendo importante fonte de minerais e vitaminas, como c?lcio, f?sforo e vitamina C. O Brasil ? o principal pa?s produtor e consumidor de maracuj?-amarelo. A excelente aceita??o desse suco tem sido respons?vel pelo incremento de cultivo de maracuj?, que para sua obten??o, as ind?strias extratoras aproveitam somente a polpa, que representa cerca de 30% do peso do fruto, o restante, casca e sementes, que segundo alguns autores, correspondem a 70% do peso total, quando n?o utilizadas na alimenta??o de animais s?o jogadas no lixo, sem nenhum tratamento, causando s?rios problemas ao ecossistema, com reflexos na sa?de das popula??es lim?trofes aos descartes. Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver tecnologia para obten??o de ?leo de sementes de maracuj? para alimenta??o humana e caracterizar suas propriedades f?sicas e qu?micas, e avaliar o conte?do mineral, prot?ico e energ?tico da torta desengordurada, efluente desse processo e utiliza-lo na elabora??o de biscoito tipo ?cookie?. As an?lises revelaram que a semente de maracuj? parcialmente desidratada continha 26% de ?leo, constitu?do de 14,64% de ?cido ol?ico e 69,73% de ?cido linol?ico. Testes de oxida??o desta fra??o mostraram que o ?ndice de estabilidade oxidativa deste ?leo foi de 11horas. A torta possui em m?dia 8,44 % de umidade, 0,71% de glic?dios redutores, 1,82% de glic?dios n?o redutores, 4,22% de amido, 31,42% de prote?na, 1,18% de lip?deos, 3,64% de fibras sol?veis, 64,30% de fibras insol?veis e 1,38% de cinzas. Os testes sensoriais apresentaram a prefer?ncia pela formula??o que continha 8% de Farinha de semente desengordurada de maracuj?. A perspectiva de aproveitamento desse res?duo do processo fabril, tornar? a agroindustrial do maracuj? mais rent?vel, j? que existem tamb?m alternativas vi?veis de aproveitamento das casca, com isso, ? poss?vel implantar no agroneg?cio do maracuj?, a t?o sonhada tecnologia limpa.

In this paper, I hope to do a small part to bridge the gap that has emerged in this scholarly debate between the historicist and Straussian views of Spartan society. To that end, this paper will analyze the Spartan Constitution according to the Straussian method. That is, I will engage in a close reading of the text, only referencing outside, secondary sources directly when necessary and appropriate. In other cases, their views will simply color this analysis and be referenced as supporting evidence in footnotes. Strauss chose to have only a superficial interaction with the existing scholarship at the time of publishing his essay, and I therefore believe it will be more beneficial to see what this approach would look like from the historicist perspective. When the same approach is taken, the heart of both camps’ arguments will be exposed, allowing them to be more easily compared. The paper will begin with a reading exploring the themes of Xenophon’s work according to a historicist perspective. After a brief aside explaining and motivating the Straussian esoteric argument to a greater extent, the paper will move on to a similar close-reading of the Spartan Constitution, following Strauss’ essay where appropriate and extending his arguments where necessary. Through this process, the paper aims to show that the perceived separation between the historicist and Straussian interpretations appears to be much greater than it, in reality, is.

Pendant les dernières années, le réseau cellulaire est devenu accessible presque partout. Pour compléter ce réseau cellulaire terrestre, plusieurs systèmes basés sur des satellites à basse orbite (LEO Low Earth Orbit) et moyenne orbite (MEO Medium Earth Orbit) ont été développés pour offrir une couverture globale. Les services multimédias sont largement demandés sur une échelle globale.<br />Notre but est de développer une couche d'accès MAC au canal satellitaire tout en respectant les contraintes de la constellation LEO. Un grand nombre d'utilisateurs de différents types vont essayer d'accéder au canal satellite (sens montant) afin d'envoyer leurs paquets. Il faut distribuer les ressources disponibles entre les différents utilisateurs de façon à respecter la QoS de chaque utilisateur et à minimiser le gaspillage. Nous avons traité dans cette thèse les ponts suivants :<br />·Nous avons adopté les techniques CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) et TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) pour définir les protocoles d'accès proposés en système LEOS. Ces techniques sont adaptées afin d'être utilisées d'une manière efficace dans le cas spécifique de satellites LEO (long RTD (Round Trip Delay), Handover, ).<br />·Nous avons utilisé un contrôle d'admission pour les différents types de services qui agit au niveau d'appel afin d'accepter un maximum d'utilisateurs de différents types tout en respectant la QoS de chacun. Ce contrôle utilise une fonction à capacité équivalente adaptée aux différents contextes de nos études.<br />·Nous avons défini des services au niveau MAC d'une façon générique. Les services sont supportés au niveau MAC par des MTCs (MAC Transfer Capabilities) afin de garantir la QoS demandée par chaque service. Nous avons proposé des MTCs qui supportent tous les services et applications possibles.<br />·Nous avons étudié le système pour des utilisateurs hétérogènes ce qui rend l'intégration de services nécessaire. La comparaison dépend de l'intégration et de la QoS de chaque utilisateur. Le but est toujours de maximiser la capacité totale du système.<br />·Nous avons étudié le multiplexage de services et l'allocation de ressources pour les différents protocoles d'accès. Des techniques d'ordonnancement et de partage de ressources sont proposées afin d'atteindre pour un protocole d'accès donné la performance maximale.<br />L'intégration de satellite avec l'UMTS et l'utilisation de l'ATM au sein du réseau de cur sont deux facteurs essentiels qui dirigent nos propositions sur la couche MAC. Les services vus par cette couche sont appelés les MTCs (MAC Transfer Capabilities) et doivent se coordonner avec les services de l'UMTS et l'ATM. Le choix est basé aussi sur les sources de trafics utilisées dans les différents chapitres.

<p>This thesis combines behavioral observations of African lions (<i>Panthera leo</i>) with genetic analyses, in an attempt to clarify causes and consequences of lion group living. The numerous complex cooperative behaviors of lions present an excellent opportunity to investigate the evolution and maintenance of group living. This thesis focuses on female group living and male dispersal patterns.</p><p>Lion sociality is found to be more complex than previously thought. Short dispersal distances result in strong kinship ties among prides, creating the potential for kin selection to operate among prides. Simultaneously, some prides contained unrelated females, depriving females in such prides of inclusive fitness benefits from group living. Concurrent with short dispersal distances in both males and females, significant genetic differentiation could be detected over relatively short distances in analyses of males. Extensive behavioral observations showed that territorial behaviors were unaffected by kinship ties to intruders. Instead, favorable odds and several environmental conditions were important factors. Space use analyses showed large overlap among prides. Again, kinship did not affect degree of overlap. </p><p>Conclusively, these results show that the ultimate causes of lion sociality remain elusive, but that kin selection may be less important than generally thought. Lion sociality seems to be explicable mainly in terms of direct fitness benefits, which therefore should be given more attention.</p>

This thesis combines behavioral observations of African lions (Panthera leo) with genetic analyses, in an attempt to clarify causes and consequences of lion group living. The numerous complex cooperative behaviors of lions present an excellent opportunity to investigate the evolution and maintenance of group living. This thesis focuses on female group living and male dispersal patterns. Lion sociality is found to be more complex than previously thought. Short dispersal distances result in strong kinship ties among prides, creating the potential for kin selection to operate among prides. Simultaneously, some prides contained unrelated females, depriving females in such prides of inclusive fitness benefits from group living. Concurrent with short dispersal distances in both males and females, significant genetic differentiation could be detected over relatively short distances in analyses of males. Extensive behavioral observations showed that territorial behaviors were unaffected by kinship ties to intruders. Instead, favorable odds and several environmental conditions were important factors. Space use analyses showed large overlap among prides. Again, kinship did not affect degree of overlap. Conclusively, these results show that the ultimate causes of lion sociality remain elusive, but that kin selection may be less important than generally thought. Lion sociality seems to be explicable mainly in terms of direct fitness benefits, which therefore should be given more attention.

This study examines phrase and larger formal structures in the first movement of Leo Brouwer’s Elegio de la Danza (1964), a work that draws on tonal and post-tonal traditions. By adapting key features of the tonal motive, as described by Douglass Green, and the tonal period, as proposed by Green and William Caplin, the model seeks to provide a tool for the discussion of phrases and larger forms in Brouwer’s work. An analysis of primary parameters, such as melody, harmony, and rhythm, provides the means to discuss how the composer articulates beginnings and endings of statements and responses, which are then grouped into antecedent and consequent phrases. These periods articulate large-scale sections, which outline a ternary formal design. Secondary parameters (dynamics, tempo markings, instrumental markings) further contribute to the identification of formal structures in Brouwer’s work.

La tesi proposa una sèrie d'algoritmes destinats a obtenir informació del contingut d'electrons lliures presents a la ionosfera. El tipus de dades que s'utilitzaran seran bàsicament les corresponents a receptors de dades del sistema de posicionament global GPS. En aquest context, la tesi proposa dos aproximacions al problema:1. L'ús de dades de receptors de terra GPS combinades amb dades de ionosondes (que permeten obtenir perfils verticals del contingut d'electrons lliures de la ionosfera). Els receptors GPS donen una mesura del contingut total d'electrons en la línia de visió (i.e. integral de la densitat electrònica a través de la línia de visió o Contingut Total Electrònic Oblicu). Ara bé, el problema de les dades GPS de receptors de terra radica en el fet que són observacions bàsicament verticals i això provoca correlacions entre cel·les situades a la mateixa vertical, per tant no es possible descomposar aquesta integral de la densitat electrònica en les distintes parts que la formen. Per tant és necessari introduir un tipus de data addicional que pugui ajudar a desfer aquestes correlacions. Diversos autors proposen l'ús de models físics o dades complementaries a les dades de receptors GPS de terra, per exemple amb dades de receptors GPS embarcats en satèl·lits d'òrbita baixa (Low Earth Orbiters o LEO), associades a línies de visió horitzontal. En aquest treball es proposa l'ús de perfils verticals de densitat electrònica obtinguts a partir de dades de ionosonda. Els resultats obtinguts en aquest treball mostren que és possible expandir en longitud/latitud la resolució vertical que ofereixen els perfils verticals obtinguts a partir de ionosondes, amb discrepàncies similars a altres tècniques de sondeig ionosfèric.2. Nova implementació de l'algoritme d'inversió d'Abel. La inversió d'Abel és una eina que permet obtenir perfils verticals de densitat electrònica a partir de dades GPS de receptors embarcats en LEOs. Per que sigui aplicable, aquesta tècnica pressuposa dues hipòtesis. La primera és que la densitat electrònica depèn només de l'altura (hipòtesis de simetria esfèrica), el qual implica una clara limitació, especialment en zones on la variabilitat horitzontal de la densitat electrònica és alta (per exemple en zones properes a l'anomalia equatorial o durant tempestes ionosfèriques). La segona és assumir que el contingut electrònic per sobre del LEO és negligible, el qual és menys cert a mesura que el LEO té una òrbita més baixa (com és el cas del satèl·lit CHAMP, el qual té una òrbita propera al màxim d'electrons lliures de la ionosfera). L'algoritme proposat en aquesta tesi proposa un apropament que permet la superació de la hipòtesi de simetria esfèrica mitjançant l'ús de dades ionosfèriques que descriuen la variabilitat horitzontal de la densitat electrònica. Per tal de tenir en compte el contingut electrònic per sobre del LEO, s'introdueix una variable extra a l'algoritme, permetent així la seva estimació. Per validar la tècnica, s'han processat distints conjunts de dades corresponents a distints LEOs i èpoques. Les comparacions amb ionosondes confirmen una millora superior al 30% respecte a la clàssica aproximació que assumeix simetria esfèrica.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 271-277). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

No description available.