Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-01-14T20:06:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CamilaGiseleDamascenoPeixoto_DISSERT.pdf: 4730926 bytes, checksum: d89e75f06427057e5b75359107c6228a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-18T22:06:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CamilaGiseleDamascenoPeixoto_DISSERT.pdf: 4730926 bytes, checksum: d89e75f06427057e5b75359107c6228a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-18T22:06:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CamilaGiseleDamascenoPeixoto_DISSERT.pdf: 4730926 bytes, checksum: d89e75f06427057e5b75359107c6228a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-24 / Um dos principais problemas relacionados ? utiliza??o do ?leo diesel como combust?vel ? a presen?a de enxofre (S) que provoca polui??o no meio ambiente e corros?o nos motores. Com o intuito de minimizar as consequ?ncias decorrentes da libera??o deste poluente, a legisla??o brasileira estabeleceu limites m?ximos de teor de enxofre que os combust?veis podem apresentar. Para atender ?s exig?ncias, o ?leo diesel com concentra??o m?xima de enxofre igual a 10 mg/kg (S10) vem sendo amplamente comercializado no pa?s. Entretanto, a redu??o no teor de enxofre pode acarretar mudan?as nas propriedades f?sico-qu?micas do combust?vel, as quais s?o essenciais para o desempenho dos ve?culos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo a identifica??o das principais mudan?as nas propriedades f?sico-qu?micas do ?leo diesel e como elas est?o relacionadas ? redu??o do teor de enxofre. Foram testadas amostras de ?leo diesel dos tipos S10, S500 e S1800 de acordo com as metodologias da American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). As propriedades f?sico-qu?micas de massa espec?fica, ponto de fulgor, viscosidade cinem?tica e propriedades a baixa temperatura foram determinadas. Os ?leos tamb?m foram caracterizados por termogravimetria (TG) e submetidos ? destila??o f?sica (ASTM D86) e destila??o simulada por cromatografia gasosa (ASTM D2887). Os resultados da caracteriza??o f?sico-qu?mica mostraram que a redu??o do enxofre tornou os combust?veis mais leves e fluidos, permitindo uma maior aplicabilidade a ambientes com baixas temperaturas e uma maior seguran?a para o transporte e armazenamento. Atrav?s dos dados de destila??o simulada foi observado que a diminui??o do teor de enxofre provocou aumento das temperaturas de ebuli??o das fra??es iniciais e a redu??o das temperaturas de ebuli??o das fra??es m?dias e pesadas. A TG revelou um evento de perda de massa, atribu?do ? volatiliza??o ou destila??o de hidrocarbonetos leves e m?dios. A partir destes dados, o comportamento cin?tico das amostras foi estudada e verificou-se que as energias de ativa??o (Ea) pouco variaram ao longo da convers?o. v Considerando a m?dia dessas energias, o S1800 apresentou a Ea mais elevada no decorrer da convers?o e o S10 os menores valores / One of the main problems related to the use of diesel as fuel is the presence of sulfur (S) which causes environmental pollution and corrosion of engines. In order to minimize the consequences of the release of this pollutant, Brazilian law established maximum sulfur content that diesel fuel may have. To meet these requirements, diesel with a maximum sulfur concentration equal to 10 mg/kg (S10) has been widely marketed in the country. However, the reduction of sulfur can lead to changes in the physicochemical properties of the fuel, which are essential for the performance of road vehicles. This work aims to identify the main changes in the physicochemical properties of diesel fuel and how they are related to reduction of sulfur content. Samples of diesel types S10, S500 and S1800 were tested according with the methods of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The fuels were also characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and subjected to physical distillation (ASTM D86) and simulated distillation gas chromatography (ASTM D2887). The results showed that the reduction of sulfur turned the fuel lighter and fluid, allowing a greater applicability to low temperature environments and safer for transportation and storage. Through the simulated distillation data was observed that decreasing sulfur content resulted in higher initial boiling point temperatures and the decreasing of the boiling temperature of the medium and heavy fractions. Thermogravimetric analysis showed a loss event mass attributed to volatilization or distillation of light and medium hydrocarbons. Based on these data, the kinetic behavior of the samples was investigated and it was observed that the activation energies (Ea) did not show significant changes throughout conversion. Considering the average of these energies, the S1800 had the highest Ea during the conversion and the S10 the lowest values

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-02-05T23:04:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JacquelineFerreiraSantosMarques_DISSERT.pdf: 3556359 bytes, checksum: 513ccd80d1faa0aa4ab0703236b85dc4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-02-16T22:34:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JacquelineFerreiraSantosMarques_DISSERT.pdf: 3556359 bytes, checksum: 513ccd80d1faa0aa4ab0703236b85dc4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-16T22:34:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JacquelineFerreiraSantosMarques_DISSERT.pdf: 3556359 bytes, checksum: 513ccd80d1faa0aa4ab0703236b85dc4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-09 / A cimenta??o ? uma das opera??es mais importantes executadas entre as fases de perfura??o de um po?o. Quando essa cimenta??o n?o ? bem realizada, h? o risco de ocorrer falhas e fraturas, tanto na forma??o quanto no pr?prio cimento. Quando os reservat?rios possuem uma baixa profundidade, eles tendem a fraturar mais facilmente, devido ao seu baixo gradiente de fratura, por isso, a densidade da pasta de cimento ? de suma import?ncia para equil?brio das press?es, evitando problemas de fraturas. ? ela que vai garantir a estabilidade das press?es atuantes entre o po?o e a forma??o. Tendo em vista que s?o necess?rias pastas mais leves para promover o isolamento, sem que haja esse faturamento, ? necess?rio formular sistemas cimentantes que reduzam a press?o hidrost?tica da coluna de cimento. Para isso, s?o adicionados, ?s pastas, materiais com fun??es de reduzir a densidade. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo otimizar formula??es de pastas de cimento de baixa densidade, contendo bentonita para aplica??o em po?os rasos e com baixo gradiente de fratura, como tamb?m comparar a efici?ncia do aditivo estendedor bentonita adicionado a estas pastas, atrav?s da varia??o das densidades e concentra??es e observa??o do comportamento das propriedades reol?gicas, estabilidade e resist?ncia ? compress?o. As pastas foram formuladas com os seguintes valores de densidades: 12,0 lb/gal; 12,5 lb/gal; 13,0 lb/gal e 13,5 lb/gal, com diferentes concentra??es de bentonita (1,0; 2,0; 3,0 e 4,0 %) para cada composi??o. Os resultados obtidos atrav?s dos testes reol?gicos mostraram que o incremento da concentra??o de bentonita proporcionou o aumento das part?culas dispersas no meio, provocando o aumento dos par?metros reol?gicos para todas as densidades. Nos testes de estabilidade os melhores resultados obtidos foram para densidades mais elevadas, se tornando mais est?veis com concentra??es a partir de 3 %, n?o apresentando rebaixamento. Nos testes de resist?ncia ? compress?o, a pasta com densidade de 13,5 lb/gal com concentra??o de 4,0% de bentonita obteve uma maior resist?ncia mec?nica, por?m, muito viscosa, o que pode ser dificultoso para o bombeamento. Atrav?s das caracteriza??es de difra??o de raios-X (DRX) da bentonita pura foi observado a presen?a das fases montmonrilonita e quartzo, caracter?sticos dessa argila. No DRX das pastas de cimento de 13,5 lb/gal foi observado que houve a presen?a de Etringita, portlandita, silicato de c?lcio e quartzo. Observou-se tamb?m que nas imagens obtidas por microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV) a pasta de 13,5 lb/gal com 4 % de bentonita mostrou notoriamente a presen?a de agulhas de etringita, como tamb?m as fases de portlandita e silicato de c?lcio, produtos da hidrata??o do cimento. Por fim, pode-se considerar que as pastas que obtiveram melhores resultados, s?o as pastas com densidade de 13,5 lb/gal, com concentra??es de 2,0 % e 3,0 %, por serem mais est?veis e resistentes mecanicamente, comparadas com as demais com densidades menores. / The cementing is one of the most important operations executed between the stages of drilling a oil well. When the cementation isn?t well performed, there?s the risk of to occur failures and fractures, both in formation as in the cement itself. When the reservoirs have low depth, they tend to fracture more easily, due to his low gradient of fracture, therefore, the density of the cement slurry is of utmost importance to balance the pressures, avoiding fractures problems. It?ll ensure the stability of the pressures acting between the oil well and the formation. Having in mind that are necessary paste more lightweight to promote the insulation, without there being this billing, is necessary to formulate cementing systems to reduce the hydrostatic pressure of the cement column. Thereunto, are added to folders, materials with functions to reduce the density. Therefore, this study had as objective formulations optimize of a cement slurry of low density containing bentonite for application in shallow oil wells and with low gradient of fracture, as well as to compare the efficiency of the bentonite extender additive added to these pastes, by of variations of the density and concentrations and observing of behavior of the rheological properties, stability and resistance to compression. The pastes were formulated with the follows density values: 12,0 lb/gal; 12,5 lb/gal; 13,0 lb/gal to 13,5 lb/gal with different concentrations of bentonite (1,0; 2,0; 3,0 and 4,0 %) for each composition. The results obtained through the rheological tests showed that the increase in the bentonite concentration afforded the increase in particles dispersed in the middle, leading to an increased of rheological parameters for all densities. In the stability tests the best results were obtained at higher densities, becoming more stable with concentrations from 3 %, showing no relegation. In the compressive strength tests, the paste with a density of 13,5 lb/gal with concentration of 4,0 % of bentonite got a higher mechanical strength, but very viscous, which may hinder the pumping. Through the characterization of X-ray diffraction (XRD) of pure bentonite was observed the presence of montmonrilonita and quartz phases which are typical of clay. The XRD of the cement pastes of 13,5 lb/gal was observed that there was the presence of etringite, portlandite, calcium silicate and quartz. It was also observed that the images obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the paste of 13,5 lb/gal with 4 % bentonite showed notoriously the presence of ettringite needles, as well as the steps of portlandite and calcium silicate cement hydration products. Finally, it can be considered that the paste have worked best, are the pastes with a density of 13,5 lb/gal, with concentrations of 2,0 % and 3,0 %, because they are more stable and mechanically strong, compared with the other with lower densities.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-05-07T00:04:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandoJoseVieiraDaCunhaFilho_DISSERT.pdf: 1842958 bytes, checksum: 2191a99f87d6cfed0a71cb2a9466d014 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-09T20:31:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandoJoseVieiraDaCunhaFilho_DISSERT.pdf: 1842958 bytes, checksum: 2191a99f87d6cfed0a71cb2a9466d014 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-09T20:31:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandoJoseVieiraDaCunhaFilho_DISSERT.pdf: 1842958 bytes, checksum: 2191a99f87d6cfed0a71cb2a9466d014 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-25 / A perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo, uma das etapas da explora??o de ?leo e g?s, ? feita ininterruptamente e hoje ? capaz de ser realizada em regi?es de grande complexidade como nas chamadas ?guas profundas. Para isto, ? de extrema import?ncia a utiliza??o do fluido de perfura??o. Dentre os fluidos de perfura??o existentes, os fluidos de perfura??o ? base de ?leo s?o utilizados em situa??es nas quais se requer maior resist?ncia a temperaturas elevadas, baixa taxa de corros?o, baixa solubilidade das forma??es de sal, tais como as encontradas nas perfura??es da camada pr?-sal. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar reologicamente, atra? do STATISTICA 10, um fluido de perfura??o, produzido, a partir de um sistema microemulsionado, utilizando uma argila (bentonita) organofilizada. O fluido estudado foi constitu?do de n-parafina como fase ?leo, ?gua salina (35g/L de NaCl), tensoativo nonilfenoletoxilado com quatro graus de etoxila??o e a baritina, como adensante, para dar peso ao fluido e chegar ao peso de 8,5 lb/gal, usualmente utilizado em perfura??es e padr?o neste trabalho. O procedimento experimental foi dividido em seis etapas: processo de organofiliza??o da bentonita, na qual foi realizada a modifica??o superficial da argila atrav?s do tensoativo cati?nico brometo de hexadeciltrimetilam?nio (CTAB) em tr?s diferentes concentra??es: 30% acima da concentra??o micelar cr?tica (c.m.c); 30% abaixo da concentra??o micelar cr?tica (c.m.c); na concentra??o micelar cr?tica (c.m.c); an?lise da tens?o superficial e da molhabilidade, para assegurar que a modifica??o superficial foi realizada com sucesso; constru??o dos diagramas de fase tern?rios para obten??o dos sistemas microemulsionados; preparo do fluido de perfura??o; planejamento fatorial, para estudo estat?stico atrav?s do software STATISTICA 10.0; e an?lise reol?gica, que foi realizada no equipamento re?metro Thermo Cientific - HAAKE MARS (Modular Advanced Rheometer System) em tr?s diferentes temperaturas: 25?C, 45?C e 65?C. As vari?veis de respostas obtidas ap?s ensaio reol?gico foram: viscosidade pl?stica, viscosidade aparente, limite de escoamento e tixotropia. / For drilling of oil wells, one of the stages of oil and gas is of utmost importance to use the drilling fluid. Among the existing drilling fluids, the oil-based drilling fluids are used in situations which require higher strength at elevated temperatures, low corrosion rate, low solubility of the salt formations, such as those found in the perforations of the pre Layer-salt. This work aimed to study rheological, attracts STATISTICA 10 a drilling fluid, produced from a microemulsion system, using a clay (bentonite) organophilizated. The fluid was studied consisting of n-paraffin as oil phase, brine (35g / L NaCl), surfactant nonilfenoletoxilado with four degrees of ethoxylation and barytes as density modifier to give weight to the fluid and reach the weight 8.5 lb / gal, usually used in drilling and standard in this work. The experimental procedure was divided into six steps: organophilization process of bentonite, which was carried out the surface of the clay modified by the cationic surfactant hexadecyltrim ethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at three different concentrations: 30% above the critical micelle concentration (cmc); 30% below the critical micelle concentration (CMC); the critical micelle concentration (c.m.c); Analysis of surface tension and wettability, to assess the success of surface modification; Construction of ternary phase diagrams in order to obtain the microemulsion systems; preparation of drilling fluid; factorial design, to statistical study using STATISTICA software 10.0; and rheological analysis at three different temperatures: 25 ?C, 45 ?C and 65 ?C. The variable responses obtained after rheological testing were: plastic viscosity, apparent viscosity, yield stress and thixotropy. It was noticed increased wettability by decreasing the contact angle, as larger amounts of quaternary ammonium cations were adsorbed onto the clay surface. In addition, statistical analyzes have provided model equations to represent the response variables as a function of control variables significant for medium and predictive studied intervals.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-05-10T20:59:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelAugustoVentura_DISSERT.pdf: 2403506 bytes, checksum: 03833598c2b497f4e7cd05ae5e4c1bf1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-12T20:33:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelAugustoVentura_DISSERT.pdf: 2403506 bytes, checksum: 03833598c2b497f4e7cd05ae5e4c1bf1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-12T20:33:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelAugustoVentura_DISSERT.pdf: 2403506 bytes, checksum: 03833598c2b497f4e7cd05ae5e4c1bf1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Em um po?o de petr?leo, a cimenta??o dos revestimentos tem grande import?ncia, pois ela garante a seguran?a do po?o, para que este n?o colapse, como tamb?m promove o isolamento das forma??es rochosas para que n?o ocorra comunica??o entre os fluidos adjacentes. Desta forma, ? importante que a matriz de cimento possua estabilidade estrutural e qu?mica. O di?xido de carbono tem sido um agente que tem comprometido essa estabilidade, pois em determinados campos petrol?feros, ele pode ser encontrado em grandes quantidades e em condi??es ideais para a carbonata??o e posterior degrada??o da matriz de cimento, de forma a comprometer o selo hidr?ulico entre as forma??es, podendo tamb?m formar caminhos preferenciais de sa?da de fluidos da forma??o para o espa?o anular do po?o de petr?leo. A s?lica flour tem sido utilizada com grande frequ?ncia em po?os que est?o sujeitos a altas temperaturas, sejam os de elevadas profundidades ou no caso daqueles onde s?o injetados vapor como alternativa para recupera??o avan?ada em reservat?rios de ?leo pesado. Com base no exposto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a influ?ncia de ambientes ricos em CO2 na estabilidade qu?mica da matriz do cimento contendo s?lica flour. Foram preparadas pastas contendo s?lica flour e curadas por 30 dias sob temperatura de 65?C e 3000psi de press?o. Ap?s a cura, parte das amostras foram analisadas quimicamente e outra parte submetida ? atmosfera de CO2 em uma autoclave, por 30 e 60 dias, e posteriormente analisadas ap?s este processo de carbonata??o. As amostras foram caracterizadas por difra??o de raios x (DRX), microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV), espectroscopia de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e termogravimetria (TG). As pastas ciment?cias curadas por 60 dias foram as que apresentaram uma maior ?rea carbonatada. As amostras curadas em ambiente de CO2 saturado sofreram uma maior carbonata??o em rela??o as amostras curadas em ambiente supercr?tico, o que est? diretamente relacionado ? concentra??o de CO2 do meio. Os espectros de infravermelho apresentaram bandas caracter?sticas dos produtos de carbonata??o da matriz do cimento, com estiramento do grupo carbonato no comprimento de onda de 875cm-1, que ? caracter?stico da calcita. Nas imagens obtidas por MEV pode-se observar a presen?a de cristais de aragonita (CaCO3). O efeito da carbonata??o em po?os petrol?feros pode afetar consideravelmente a microestrutura da matriz de cimento podendo comprometer o selo hidr?ulico do po?o. / In oil well cementation casing is very important because in addition to ensuring the safety of the well so that it does not collapse, it also promotes the isolation of the rock formations so that there is communication between the adjacente fluids. Thus, it is important that the cement matrix has structural and chemical stability. Carbon dioxide has been an agent that this stability is compromised. In particular oil fields, it can be found in large quantities and in ideal conditions for carbonation and subsequent degradation of the cement matrix, in order to compromise the hydraulic seal between the formations, and may also form preferential paths of fluid to exit the formation the annular space of the oil well. The silica flour has been used frequently in wells that are subjected to high temperatures, be the case in very deep or those which are injected steam as an alternative for enhanced recovery of heavy oil reservoirs. Based on the above, this study aims to evaluate the influence of environments rich in CO2 in the chemical stability of the cement matrix containing silica flour. Pastes containing silica flour and cured for 30 days under temperature of 65?C and pressure of 3000psi (20,7MPa) were prepared. After curing, some of the samples were analyzed chemically and part subjected to CO2 atmosphere in an autoclave for 30 and 60 days and analyzed after this carbonation process. The samples were characterized by Xray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy by Fourier transform (FTIR) and thermogravimetry (TG). The cement pastes cured for 60 days showed the greater carbonated area. The samples cured in saturated CO2 environment suffered greater carbonation compared to samples cured in supercritical environment, which is directly related to CO2 concentration in the environment. Infrared spectra showed characteristic bands of carbonation products cement matrix, with stretch carbonate group at a wavelength of 875cm-1, which is characteristic of calcite. The images obtained by SEM it can be observed the presence of crystal of aragonite (CaCO3). The effect of carbonation in oil wells can greatly affect the microstructure of the cement matrix may compromise the hydraulic seal the well.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-05-30T20:51:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SheylaKarolinaJustinoMarques_TESE.pdf: 3208408 bytes, checksum: deb5c88ae07d8787c4800ec09fd2eee8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-01T00:25:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SheylaKarolinaJustinoMarques_TESE.pdf: 3208408 bytes, checksum: deb5c88ae07d8787c4800ec09fd2eee8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-01T00:25:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SheylaKarolinaJustinoMarques_TESE.pdf: 3208408 bytes, checksum: deb5c88ae07d8787c4800ec09fd2eee8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-22 / O presente trabalho consiste no estudo das caracter?sticas e propriedades tecnol?gicas de tijolos res?duo-cimento maci?os e vazados, formulados a partir de misturas bin?rias e tern?rias de cimento Portland, cascalho proveniente da perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo, com e sem adi??o de cinza do baga?o de cana-de-a?ucar que poder?o ser utilizados pela ind?stria, com o objetivo de melhorar seu desempenho, diminuir seu custo e aumentar sua vida ?til. Os tijolos de solo-cimento constituem uma das alternativas para a constru??o em alvenaria. Esses elementos, ap?s pequeno per?odo de cura, garantem resist?ncia ? compress?o simples similar ? dos tijolos maci?os e blocos cer?micos, sendo a resist?ncia tanto mais elevada quanto maior for ? quantidade de cimento empregada. Foi utilizado cimento CPIIZ-32, res?duo de cascalho de perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo proveniente da perfura??o de po?os Onshore, no munic?pio de Mossor?/RN, fornecido pela Petrobras e cinzas do baga?o de cana-de-a??car. Para a determina??o da mistura ?tima, estudou-se a inclus?o de teores de CBC (2%; 4%; 6%; e 8%) onde foram confeccionados 18 corpos-de-prova. A avalia??o dos tijolos confeccionados foi feita a partir de ensaios de compress?o simples, perda de massa por imers?o e absor??o de ?gua. Os resultados experimentais comprovaram a efici?ncia e o elevado potencial de utiliza??o do res?duo proveniente da perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo e cinza do baga?o de cana-de-a??car, tornando o tijolo res?duo-cimento com uma maior resist?ncia mec?nica e menor absor??o de ?gua. / In recent years the construction industry is a major world representation in the consumption of natural resources and generation of wastes which lead to a greater environmental impact. Thus, it is of fundamental importance to planning the consumption of non-renewable natural resources, in addition to waste management, reuse and incorporate them in the process of manufacturing new materials. The present work is the study of the characteristics and technological properties of solid waste-cement bricks and cast formulated from binary and ternary mixtures cement Portland, gravel from the oil well drilling, with and without addition of cane sugar ashes residue that can be used by industry, with the goal of improving performance, reducing cost and increasing its useful life. Was used CPIIZ-32 cement, drill cuttings residue of oil wells from drilling onshore wells in the municipality of Mossor? / RN, supplied by Petrobras and ashes of sugarcane bagasse. To determine the optimum mix was used to study the inclusion of gray levels (2%, 4%, 6% and 8%) where bodies were prepared 18-specimens for each formulation. The evaluation was made of bricks made from simple compression tests, weight loss by immersion and water absorption. The experimental results have proved the efficiency and the high potential for use of drill cuttings and ash cane bagasse, making the brick-cement residue with a higher strength and lower water absorption. The best result in terms of mechanical strength and water absorption, both for the binary and ternary blend formulation was 86% gravel, 12% cement and 2% ash.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-06-03T23:57:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RicardoAlexDantasDaCunha_DISSERT.pdf: 2552417 bytes, checksum: 6be84ef2bba0ca4028e0191c91836125 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-07T22:17:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RicardoAlexDantasDaCunha_DISSERT.pdf: 2552417 bytes, checksum: 6be84ef2bba0ca4028e0191c91836125 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-07T22:17:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RicardoAlexDantasDaCunha_DISSERT.pdf: 2552417 bytes, checksum: 6be84ef2bba0ca4028e0191c91836125 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-07 / Os materiais comp?sitos de matriz polim?rica v?m sendo utilizados em larga escala nas ?reas industriais tais como aeroespacial, automobil?stica, petrol?fera, por apresentarem um bom desempenho mec?nico, vida ?til elevada e uma rela??o custo/benef?cio. A determina??o das propriedades mec?nicas se faz indispens?vel para a caracteriza??o dos comp?sitos. Desta forma, neste trabalho ser?o obtidas tr?s placas de laminados com matriz polim?rica teraft?lica, refor?ados por um tecido bidirecional de vidro-E e kevlar, ambos confeccionados industrialmente, onde as placas ser?o fabricadas pelo processo de lamina??o manual (Hand lay up). Todos os laminados ter?o cinco camadas de refor?o,como primeiro laminado h?brido sendo composto pelo tecido bidirecional de fibra de vidro-E, intercalado por camadas de fibra kevlar, o segundo ? formado pelo tecido bidirecional de fibra kevlar nas extremidades do laminado (duas camadas), e no centro o tecido de fibra de vidro (tr?s camadas), a terceira placa foi composta apenas pelo tecido bidirecional de fibra de vidro-E. Em seguida, foram confeccionados corpos de prova (CP) mediante norma, para determina??o das propriedades mec?nicas de tra??o e flex?o em tr?s pontos. Ap?s a fabrica??o dos corpos de prova, estes foram imersos em petr?leo e em ?gua do mar. Feito isso, realizou-se um comparativo das propriedades mec?nicas para a condi??o de ensaio no estado seco. Houve um aumento consider?vel nas propriedades estudadas devido o efeito da hibridiza??o nos laminados. / The polymer matrix composite materials are being used on a large scale in the most different industrial fields such as aerospace, automotive, oil, among others, since the industrial perspectives is currently working with materials which have a good mechanical performance at high service life and cost / benefit. Thus, the determination of the mechanical properties is indispensable for the characterization of waste resulting in greater expansion of this type of material. Thus, this work will be obtained three plates laminated with tereft?lica polymeric matrix reinforced by a bidirectional woven E-glass and kevlar both industrially made, where the plates are manufactured by manual lamination process (hand lay-up), all laminates have five enhancement layers, the first hybrid laminate will consist of bidirectional woven E-glass fiber, kevlar fiber interspersed with layers, is formed by the second bidirectional woven kevlar fiber at the ends of the laminate (two layers), and in the center the glass fiber fabric (three layers), the third plate is composed of only the bidirectional woven E-glass fiber. Then were prepared specimens (CP) by standard, to determine the mechanical properties of tensile and bending in three points. After fabrication of the specimens, they were immersed in oil and seawater. After that, there was a comparison of the mechanical properties for the test condition in the dry state. Showing that there was a considerable increase in the properties studied because the effect of hybridization in laminates.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:52:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JaneteMBP_DISSERT.pdf: 1475621 bytes, checksum: 1fbc2d7ccc4198e247c3fcdf44c5a178 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work addresses biodiesel by transesterification from the use of waste frying oil as a possible technological alternative for both reducing greenhouse gas emissions and by presenting themselves as an environmental call to designate a rational use of oil when no longer played in the environment to become renewable energy. It has proposed location of a residual oil and fat treatment plant to produce biodiesel, using models of Location and Routing for the improvement of routes. To achieve the goal, questionnaires were administered in establishments that use oil or vegetable fat in their productive activities in order to quantify the residue, to analyze actions and environmental perception of people who work directly with the residue on the destination you are being given to oil and fat used. It has indicated using of two single setup location, the method of Center of Gravity and the model of Ardalan, a geographical point that minimizes the costs of transporting waste to the treatment plant. Actions have been proposed for the improvement of collection routes this residue using the Routing Method of Scanning, as an illustration. The results demonstrated the lack of knowledge of the people who deal directly with large amounts of waste, on the environmental impacts caused by their incorrect disposal. The models used were uniform since point out to neighborhoods in similar regions. The neighborhoods of Lagoa Nova / Morro Branco (Ardalan) and Nova Descoberta (Center of Gravity) as ideal for the installation of treatment plant. However, it is suggested to be tested other models that take into account new variables than those used (supply of waste and the distance between points). The routing through the method of scanning has shown that it is possible, in a simple way to optimize routes in order to reduce distances and therefore the logistics costs in the collection of such waste. Introducing a route as a test to gather the twenty largest oil suppliers used in sample frying, using as a main factor time 8 hour of working shift every day / O trabalho aponta o biodiesel por transesterifica??o a partir do aproveitamento de ?leos residuais de fritura como uma das poss?veis alternativas tecnol?gicas tanto para redu??o das emiss?es de gases, quanto por apresentar-se como um apelo ambiental ao designar um uso racional deste ?leo quando deixado de ser jogado no meio ambiente para tornar-se energia renov?vel. Prop?e a localiza??o de uma unidade de tratamento de ?leo e gordura residual para produ??o de biodiesel, usando modelos de Localiza??o e Roteiriza??o para aperfei?oamento das rotas. Para alcan?ar o objetivo foram aplicados question?rios em estabelecimentos que utilizam o ?leo e/ou a gordura vegetal em suas atividades produtivas, no intuito de quantificar o res?duo; analisar as a??es e a percep??o ambiental das pessoas que trabalham diretamente com o res?duo sobre o destino que est? sendo dado ao ?leo e a gordura usados. Indica atrav?s de duas t?cnicas de instala??o ?nica de localiza??o, o m?todo do Centro de Gravidade e o modelo de Ardalan, um ponto geogr?fico que minimize os custos de transporte do res?duo at? a unidade de tratamento. Prop?e a??es para o aperfei?oamento das rotas de coleta deste res?duo utilizando o M?todo de Roteiriza??o da Varredura, a t?tulo de ilustra??o. Os resultados obtidos nas empresas demonstraram falta de conhecimento das pessoas que lidam diretamente com grandes quantidades do res?duo, sobre os impactos ambientais causados por seu descarte incorreto. Os modelos de localiza??o utilizados apresentaram uniformidade visto que apontaram para bairros em regi?es similares. Os bairros de Lagoa Nova/Morro Branco (Ardalan) e Nova Descoberta (Centro de Gravidade) como ideais para a instala??o da unidade de tratamento. Por?m, sugere-se que sejam testados outros modelos que levem em considera??o novas vari?veis al?m das que foram utilizadas (oferta de res?duo e dist?ncia entre os pontos). A roteiriza??o pelo m?todo da Varredura demonstrou que ? poss?vel, de forma simples, otimizar rotas a fim de reduzir dist?ncias e consequentemente os custos log?sticos na coleta desses res?duos. Apresentando uma rota a t?tulo de ensaio para recolhimento nos vinte maiores ofertantes de ?leo usado em fritura da amostra, utilizando como fator principal o tempo de 8 horas de jornada de trabalho di?rias

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DiegoAMF_DISSERT.pdf: 1096063 bytes, checksum: 5fc2d5a69c06dbd0861b8cfebf12e262 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-10 / Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS / This document proposes to describe a pilot plant for oil wells equipped with plunger lift. In addition to a small size (21,5 meters) and be on the surface, the plant s well has part of its structure in transparent acrylic, allowing easy visualization of phenomena inherent to the method. The rock formation where the well draws its pilot plant fluids (water and air) is simulated by a machine room where they are located the compressor and water pump for the production of air and water. To keep the flow of air and water with known and controlled values the lines that connect the machine room to the wellhole are equipped with flow sensors and valves. It s developed a supervisory system that allows the user a real-time monitoring of pressures and flow rates involved. From the supervisor is still allowed the user can choose how they will be controlled cycles of the process, whether by time, pressure or manually, and set the values of air flow to the water used in cycles. These values can be defined from a set point or from the percentage of valve opening. Results from tests performed on the plant using the most common forms of control by time and pressure in the coating are showed. Finally, they are confronted with results generated by a simulator configured with the the pilot plant s feature / Este trabalho se prop?e a descrever uma Planta Piloto para po?os de petr?leo equipados com eleva??o artificial do tipo plunger lift. Al?m de um tamanho reduzido (21,5 metros) e estar sobre a superf?cie, o po?o da planta possui parte de sua estrutura em acr?lico transparente, permitindo a f?cil visualiza??o de fen?menos inerentes ao m?todo. A forma??o rochosa donde o po?o da Planta Piloto extrai seus fluidos (?gua e ar) ? simulada por uma casa de m?quinas onde est?o localizados o compressor e a bomba centr?fuga respons?veis pela produ??o de ar e ?gua. Para manter as vaz?es desses fluidos com valores conhecidos e controlados as linhas que conectam a casa de m?quina ao fundo do po?o s?o equipadas com sensores de vaz?o e v?lvulas. ? desenvolvido um sistema supervis?rio que permite ao usu?rio uma monitora??o em tempo real das press?es e vaz?es envolvidas no processo. A partir do supervis?rio ? poss?vel ainda o usu?rio escolher a forma como ser?o controlados os ciclos do processo, se por tempo, por press?o ou manualmente, e definir os valores de vaz?o de ar a ?gua utilizados durantes os ciclos. Esses valores podem ser definidos a partir de um set point ou a partir da porcentagem de abertura das v?lvulas. S?o apresentados resultados de testes realizados na planta utilizando as formas de controle mais usuais: por tempo e por press?o no revestimento. Por fim, estes ser?o confrontados com resultdos gerados por um simulador configurados com as caracter?sticas da Planta Piloto

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:56:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoaoMAN.pdf: 3978536 bytes, checksum: e28a273c6981fff29b2c335fd3ee11ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-03-11 / This work proposes a computer simulator for sucker rod pumped vertical wells. The simulator is able to represent the dynamic behavior of the systems and the computation of several important parameters, allowing the easy visualization of several pertinent phenomena. The use of the simulator allows the execution of several tests at lower costs and shorter times, than real wells experiments. The simulation uses a model based on the dynamic behavior of the rod string. This dynamic model is represented by a second order partial differencial equation. Through this model, several common field situations can be verified. Moreover, the simulation includes 3D animations, facilitating the physical understanding of the process, due to a better visual interpretation of the phenomena. Another important characteristic is the emulation of the main sensors used in sucker rod pumping automation. The emulation of the sensors is implemented through a microcontrolled interface between the simulator and the industrial controllers. By means of this interface, the controllers interpret the simulator as a real well. A "fault module" was included in the simulator. This module incorporates the six more important faults found in sucker rod pumping. Therefore, the analysis and verification of these problems through the simulator, allows the user to identify such situations that otherwise could be observed only in the field. The simulation of these faults receives a different treatment due to the different boundary conditions imposed to the numeric solution of the problem. Possible applications of the simulator are: the design and analysis of wells, training of technicians and engineers, execution of tests in controllers and supervisory systems, and validation of control algorithms / Este trabalho prop?e um simulador computacional para po?os de petr?leo com trajet?ria vertical, equipados com eleva??o artificial por bombeio mec?nico (BM). O simulador ? capaz de representar o comportamento din?mico de sistemas de BM e avaliar numericamente diversos par?metros relevantes ao mesmo, permitindo a f?cil visualiza??o de diversos fen?menos pertinentes ao processo, tudo isso, de forma conveniente e a custos e tempos menores, do que experimentos com po?os reais. A simula??o utiliza um modelo baseado no comportamento din?mico da coluna de hastes, o qual pode ser representado por uma equa??o diferencial parcial de segunda ordem. A partir deste modelo, pode-se verificar a ocorr?ncia de diversas situa??es comumente vivenciadas em campo. A simula??o conta ainda com anima??es em 3D, facilitando o entendimento f?sico do processo, devido a uma melhor interpreta??o visual dos fen?menos. Outra caracter?stica importante ? a emula??o dos principais sensores utilizados na automa??o de BM. A emula??o dos sensores ? feita atrav?s de uma interface microcontrolada entre o simulador e controladores industriais, de maneira que os controladores interpretem o simulador como um po?o real. No simulador foi desenvolvido um m?dulo de falhas onde s?o implementadas seis diferentes condi??es de falhas. Estas pertencem ao grupo dos principais problemas encontrados em sistemas de BM. Assim, a an?lise e verifica??o destes problemas, atrav?s do simulador, d? ao usu?rio a oportunidade de identificar tais situa??es que s? poderiam ser observadas em campo. A implementa??o destas condi??es recebe um tratamento diferenciado em virtude das diferentes condi??es de contorno impostas ? solu??o num?rica do problema. Diversas aplica??es s?o encontradas para o simulador, dentre elas: a parametriza??o e an?lise de po?os, a aplica??o em cursos de capacita??o t?cnica para t?cnicos e engenheiros, a realiza??o de testes em controladores, sistemas supervis?rios e a valida??o de algoritmos de controle

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SynaraLLC_DISSERT.pdf: 6169690 bytes, checksum: faa4a0309db3cf8ab6507bf4b090a9cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-03 / Lubricant is responsible for reducing the wear on the friction protect the metal against oxidation, corrosion and dissipates excess heat, making it essential for the balance of a mechanical system, consequently prolonging the useful life of such a system. The origin of lubricating oils is usually mineral being extracted from the petroleum. But the search for a new source of production of lubricants and fuels it is necessary to meet future demands and reduce the possible environmental damage. For this reason, looking alternative means to produce certain products derived from petroleum, such as biodiesel, for example. Returning to the realm of lubricants, also one realizes this need for new raw materials for their production. Vegetable oil is a renewable resource and biodegradable, and its use entails advantages in environmental, social and economic. The development of this project aims to characterize the carnauba oil as a lubricant plant, or biolubricant. To analyze the oil carnauba tests as checking density, flash point, fire point, viscosity, viscosity, acid number, pH, copper corrosion, thermal conductivity and thermal resistivity were developed. In addition, for conducting the wear on the friction and the gradient of the system temperature, the analysis equipment is designed for wear on the friction. Based on these results, it is observed that the oil carnauba show good correlation to its application as biolubricant / O lubrificante ? respons?vel por reduzir o desgaste relativo ao atrito, proteger o metal contra a oxida??o, corros?o e dissipar o calor excessivo, tornando-se essencial para o equil?brio de um sistema mec?nico, consequentemente prolongando a vida ?til de tal sistema. A origem dos ?leos lubrificantes ?, em geral, mineral sendo extra?dos a partir do petr?leo. Mas a busca por uma nova fonte de produ??o de lubrificantes e combust?veis faz-se necess?rio para suprir futuras demandas e diminuir os poss?veis danos ambientais; por este motivo, procuram-se formas alternativas para produ??o de determinados produtos derivados do petr?leo, como o biodiesel, por exemplo. Voltando para a esfera dos lubrificantes, percebe-se tamb?m essa necessidade de novas mat?riasprimas para a sua produ??o. O ?leo vegetal ? um recurso renov?vel e biodegrad?vel, e a sua utiliza??o implica em vantagens nos aspectos ambientais, sociais e econ?micos. O desenvolvimento deste projeto tem como objetivo caracterizar o ?leo de carna?ba como um lubrificante vegetal, ou biolubrificante. Para analisar o ?leo de carna?ba foram desenvolvidos ensaios como verifica??o de massa espec?fica, ponto de fulgor, ponto de combust?o, viscosidade, ?ndice de viscosidade, ?ndice de acidez, pH, corros?o ao cobre, condutividade t?rmica e resistividade t?rmica. Em complemento, para realizar an?lises de desgaste relativo ao atrito e do gradiente de temperatura do sistema, foi desenvolvido o equipamento para an?lise de desgaste relativo ao atrito. Diante dos resultados obtidos, observa-se que o ?leo de carna?ba apresenta uma boa correla??o para sua aplica??o como biolubrificante