Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-19T13:34:45Z No. of bitstreams: 5 wil.pdf: 5662404 bytes, checksum: fbb7ee80707ec5b04e9341e471b178d8 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-20T10:42:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 wil.pdf: 5662404 bytes, checksum: fbb7ee80707ec5b04e9341e471b178d8 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-20T10:42:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 wil.pdf: 5662404 bytes, checksum: fbb7ee80707ec5b04e9341e471b178d8 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-20 / O Cerrado apresenta grande diversidade de esp?cies vegetais nativas, muito utilizadas na medicina popular e com pouco ou nenhum estudo cient?fico. Entre essas esp?cies, destaca-se a Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O. Berg (Myrtaceae), conhecida como ?Maria-preta?, ?Guamirim? ou ?Murta?. A medicina tradicional recomenda o uso das folhas na forma de infus?o, como antidiarreico, contra infec??es urin?rias e respirat?rias. Estudos evidenciam atividade antimicrobiana do ?leo essencial e leishmanicida do extrato etan?lico das folhas. Estudos fitoqu?micos revelaram a presen?a de compostos fen?licos no extrato e terpenos no ?leo essencial. Geralmente, a constitui??o qu?mica de ?leos essenciais oriundos de um mesmo esp?cimen vegetal e obtidos de plantas de uma mesma esp?cie pode apresentar varia??es qualitativas e quantitativas, em virtude de fatores gen?ticos, ambientais e ontog?nicos. ? importante estudar essas varia??es qu?micas, pois isso pode apresentar implica??es nas atividades biol?gicas de produtos da planta. Al?m disso, tais estudos podem servir para determina??o de marcadores qu?micos ou auxiliar no controle de qualidade do ?leo essencial. Assim, este trabalho teve como principal objetivo observar varia??es qualitativa e quantitativa na composi??o qu?mica do ?leo essencial extra?do de folhas de quatro esp?cimens (BS1, BS2, BS3 e BS4) de B. salicifolius, em tr?s per?odos do dia e nas quatro esta??es do ano. Realizou-se a coleta em habitat natural da esp?cie, na Reserva Guapuruvu da Arcelor Mittal, em Itamarandiba-MG. Procedeu-se a extra??o dos ?leos essenciais de folhas frescas atrav?s de hidrodestila??o em Aparato de Clevenger. Calculou-se o rendimento de cada amostra extra?da (v/m). Efetuou-se a an?lise qualitativa e quantitativa dos componentes dos ?leos essenciais por Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada ? Espectrometria de Massas (CG/EM) e ?ndice de Reten??o Relativa (IRR). O maior rendimento extrativo de ?leo essencial, para todos os esp?cimens, ocorreu no ver?o, e o BS4 foi o que apresentou o maior rendimento m?dio, 0,80% ? 0,12. Verificou-se a ocorr?ncia de varia??es qualitativa e quantitativa dos componentes majorit?rios das amostras analisadas. Assim, houve varia??es qu?micas entre diferentes indiv?duos da esp?cie estudada provenientes de um mesmo habitat, o que pode sugerir diferen?as gen?ticas e/ou ontog?nicas, embora a fase de desenvolvimento fosse semelhante entre os esp?cimens estudados, interferindo no metabolismo secund?rio. Constatou-se, tamb?m, a ocorr?ncia de varia??es qu?micas intraindividuais, sugerindo que as varia??es ambientais (sazonais e circadianas) interferem na composi??o qu?mica dos ?leos essenciais. No entanto, observou-se a presen?a constante, com varia??es quantitativas, de quatro terpenoides (?-pineno, trans-cariofileno, espatulenol e ?-humuleno) em todos os ?leos essenciais analisados. A quantidade de sesquiterpenos identificados sempre foi superior ? de monoterpenos, em todas as amostras. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2011. / ABSTRACT The Cerrado comprise great diversity of native vegetal species, widely used in folk medicine although with little or no scientific study. Among these species, stands out Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O. Berg (Myrtaceae), known as ?Maria-preta?, ?Guamirim? or ?Murta?. Traditional medicine recommends the use of fresh leaves infusions as antidiarreic, against urinary and respiratory tracts infections. Some studies showed antibiotic activity of essential oil and leishmanicidal activity of ethanolic extract from leaves. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of phenolic compounds in the extract and terpenes in the essential oil. Generally, the chemical composition of essential oils from the same vegetal specimen and the same species presents quantitative and qualitative variations, due to genetic, environmental and ontogenetic reasons. It is important to study these chemical changes, because this may have implications in the biological activities of plant products. Furthermore, such studies can serve for determination of chemical markers or assist in quality control of essential oil. Thus, this study aimed to observe quantitative and qualitative variations in the chemical composition of essential oil extracted from leaves of four specimens (BS1, BS2, BS3 e BS4) of B. salicifolius, in three period of the day in the four seasons. The leaves were collected on natural habitat of the specie, in Reserva Guapuruvu, Arcelor Mittal, in Itamarandiba-MG. It was proceeded the extraction of essential oils from fresh leaves by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus. It was calculated the yield of the extracted sample (v/w). The qualitative and quantitative analysis of essential oils compounds were performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and Relative Retention Index (RRI). The higher yield of essential oil extraction, for all specimens, occurred in the summer and BS4 was presented the highest yield, 0.80% ? 0.12. There was the occurrence of qualitative and quantitative variations of the major components of the samples. Thus, there were chemical variations between different individuals of the species studied from the same habitat, which may suggest genetic differences and/or ontogeny, although the stage of development was similar among the specimens studied by interfering with secondary metabolism. It was found, also, the occurrence of chemical intraindividual variations, suggesting that environmental variations (seasonal and circadian) interfere with the chemical composition of essential oils. However, there was a constant presence, with quantitative variations in all four terpen?ides (?-pinene, trans-caryophyllene, ?-humulene and spathulenol) in essential oils analyzed. The amount of sesquiterpenes identified was always higher than that of monoterpenes in all samples.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-27T13:30:34Z No. of bitstreams: 5 34.pdf: 292726 bytes, checksum: e8788860f0469cfddaa19499b5cc1775 (MD5) license_url: 49 bytes, checksum: fd26723f8d7edacdb29e3f03465c3b03 (MD5) license_text: 20904 bytes, checksum: e09bf99e64678e4285abf3ef3e05412d (MD5) license_rdf: 23422 bytes, checksum: b145eda3d84bdc4f56b389c0ab98d368 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-27T18:32:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 34.pdf: 292726 bytes, checksum: e8788860f0469cfddaa19499b5cc1775 (MD5) license_url: 49 bytes, checksum: fd26723f8d7edacdb29e3f03465c3b03 (MD5) license_text: 20904 bytes, checksum: e09bf99e64678e4285abf3ef3e05412d (MD5) license_rdf: 23422 bytes, checksum: b145eda3d84bdc4f56b389c0ab98d368 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-27T18:32:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 34.pdf: 292726 bytes, checksum: e8788860f0469cfddaa19499b5cc1775 (MD5) license_url: 49 bytes, checksum: fd26723f8d7edacdb29e3f03465c3b03 (MD5) license_text: 20904 bytes, checksum: e09bf99e64678e4285abf3ef3e05412d (MD5) license_rdf: 23422 bytes, checksum: b145eda3d84bdc4f56b389c0ab98d368 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / A copa?ba (Copaifera langsdorffii) ? uma esp?cie arb?rea, da fam?lia Leguminosae (Caesalpinioideae) encontrada no cerrado, mata atl?ntica e matas de galeria. Assim como outras diversas esp?cies florestais, come?aram a receber em meados da d?cada de 70 maior import?ncia na produ??o de suas mudas em viveiros florestais para uso em diversos projetos. O volume e tipo de substrato s?o os primeiros aspectos que devem ser investigados para se garantir a produ??o de mudas de boa qualidade em viveiros florestais. A luminosidade ? outro fator de enorme import?ncia na produ??o de mudas, sendo que varia??es na qualidade e quantidade, presen?a ou aus?ncia de luz ir? influenciar o desenvolvimento da planta. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influ?ncia de dois volumes de diferentes tipos de substratos e n?veis de sombreamento crescentes no crescimento e teores de nutrientes em mudas de copa?ba. O experimento foi conduzido por 130 dias em DBC casualizados no esquema fatorial 2 x 5, sendo avaliado dois volumes dos substratos Bioplant?, 70% vermiculita + 30% casca de arroz carbonizada, 40% vermiculita + 30% casca de arroz carbonizada + 30% fibra de c?co, 50% vermiculita + 30% casca de arroz carbonizada + 20% areia, 70% vermiculita + 15% casca de arroz carbonizada + 15% vermicomposto. Estas dez combina??es foram distribu?das aleatoriamente em quatro blocos com diferentes intensidades luminosas: 0, 30, 50 e 70% de sombreamento. As mudas de copa?ba podem ser produzidas satisfatoriamente nos dois volumes (180 e 280 cm?) dos diferentes substratos estudados e em n?veis de sombreamentos mais elevados, demonstrando grande plasticidade. O uso de 180 cm? de substrato foi suficiente para produzir mudas com bom desenvolvimento, ?ndice de qualidade e teores nutricionais. Os substratos 70% vermiculita + 30% casca de arroz carbonizada, 40% vermiculita + 30% casca de arroz carbonizada + 30% fibra de c?co, 50% vermiculita + 30% casca de arroz carbonizada + 20% areia, 70% vermiculita + 15% casca de arroz carbonizada + 15% vermicomposto apresentaram ligeira superioridade em rela??o ao Bioplant para as caracter?sticas morfol?gicas das mudas, entretanto as plantas crescidas nesse substrato apresentaram maiores teores de P, K, Ca, S e Zn. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2010. / ABSTRACT The copa?ba (Copaifera langsdorffii) is a tree, the family Leguminosae (Caesalpinioideae) found in savannah, forest and gallery forests. Like many other forest species, began to receive in the mid-70s most important in the production of seedlings in its nursery for use in various projects. The volume and type of substrate are the first things that should be investigated to ensure the production of good quality seedlings in forest nurseries. Brightness is another factor of great importance in plant propagation, and variations in quality and quantity, presence or absence of light will influence plant development. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of two volumes of different types of substrates and increasing levels of shading on growth and nutrient content in seedlings of copaiba. The experiment was conducted for 130 days in a randomized block design in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme being evaluated two volumes of the five following substrates: Bioplant ?, 70% vermiculite + 30% carbonized rice hulls, 40% vermiculite + 30% carbonized rice hulls + 30% coir, 50% vermiculite + 30% carbonized rice hulls + 20% sand and 70% vermiculite + 15% carbonized rice hulls + 15% vermicompost residue textiles. These ten combinations were randomly distributed in four blocks according to the following distinct brightness: 0, 30, 50 e 70 percentages of shading. Seedlings Copaiba can be satisfactorily produced in two volumes (180 and 280 cc) of different substrates and studied at the highest levels of shading, showing great plasticity. The use of 180 cc of substrate was sufficient to produce seedlings with normal development, content quality and nutritional content. The substrates 70% vermiculite + 30% rice hulls, 40% vermiculite + 30% rice hulls + 30% coconut fiber, 50% vermiculite + 30% rice hulls + 20% sand, 70% vermiculite + 15 % rice hulls + 15% vermicompost showed slight superiority over Bioplant for the morphological characteristics of seedlings, however the plants grown on the substrate showed higher levels of P, K, Ca, S and Zn.

Šarmírová, M. The liberalization of the rail passenger transport in the Czech Republic. Diploma thesis. Brno: Mendel University, 2015. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the impact of liberalization of rail passenger services in the Czech Republic, both in terms of competing companies, as well as from a consumer perspective. The tool for achieving is the objective analysis that focuses primarily on the importance of competition for the Czech Republic. The first part is a literature review that includes a demarcation and definitions of basic concepts in the field of passenger transport. It will focus on the development and current state of liberalization of rail transport and competition, both within the field and between transport modes. Part of own work is a comparative analysis of the three largest railway operators in the Czech Republic -- Czech Railways RegioJet and Leo Express. This will also include an evaluation questionnaire. The conclusion will then be evaluated and briefly described the overall results of the analysis and recommendations will be provided in passenger rail transport.

(EN) Ideological Intervention in the Early Modern Period. The Case of the Dutch Republic and the Estates of Cleves-Mark in the 1640s and 1650s 1648 is traditionally considered a major break in international relations. This thesis deals with the Dutch interventions in Cleves-Mark in the period before and after the Treaties of Westphalia and sets out to test some of these traditional assumptions. Rejecting the concept of the "Westphalian" sovereignty, it advocates a relational view based on mutual recognition. Accordingly, it focuses on the negotiations of the three subjects under scrutiny - the Dutch Republic as the intervening power, the Estates of Cleves-Mark as instigators and beneficiaries of the intervention, and the Elector of Brandenburg as the legitimate ruler - about their sovereignty, as they took shape in the arena of the "courtly public", especially in diplomacy. In the first part I argue that the Dutch Republic reacted very conservatively to the pressure to legitimize its role as a new member of the highly monarchical "courtly public". I also examined the impact of the domestic political system and diplomatic ceremonial on the external performance of the Dutch Republic, thereby uncovering the particular role of the Province of Gelderland. In three case studies of direct diplomatic...

Este trabalho busca desvelar e sistematizar claramente os princípios straussianos de filosofia política clássica e, especificamente, os princípios straussiano-platônicos do melhor regime. Isto é, este trabalho busca desvelar o que Leo Strauss acredita ser o começo da filosofia política clássica, o que Leo Strauss acredita ser a “metodologia” clássica à filosofia política e, especificamente, as conclusões de Platão sobre o melhor regime. Os primeiros são princípios straussianos, porque advêm da interpretação de Leo Strauss sobre vários filósofos clássicos; os últimos são straussiano-platônicos, pois advêm de uma interpretação straussiana de Platão. Por fim, a análise de Leo Strauss sobre a crise da modernidade e sobre a historiografia da filosofia são apresentadas a fim de que possamos entender por que e como trilhar o caminho straussiano aos clássicos. / This work intends to state and arrange clearly the Straussian principles of classical political philosophy and, especially, the Straussian-Platonic principles of the best regime. That is, this work intends to state what Leo Strauss thought to be the beginnings of classical political philosophy, what Leo Strauss thought to be a classical “methodology” for political philosophy and, finally, Plato's conclusions about the best regime. The first two are Straussian principles because they ensued from Leo Strauss' interpretation of various classical political philosophers and the last ones are Straussian-Platonic because they ensued from a Straussian interpretation of Plato. That being said, Leo Strauss' analysis of the crisis of modernity and Leo Strauss' historiography of philosophy are presented as requirements for a better understanding of what consists the Straussian way back to the classics.

Les débris spatiaux sont devenus une menace considérable pour la viabilité des satellites opérationnels en orbite basse. Afin de pouvoir éviter des collisions accidentelles, des systèmes de surveillance de l'espace existent mais sont limités en performances de détection pour les objets de petite taille (diamètre inférieur à 10cm), ce qui pousse à l'étude de nouvelles solutions. Cette thèse a pour objectif d'appuyer la faisabilité d'un système radar au sol utilisant un champ de veille étroit pour le catalogage de petits débris en orbite basse. Un tel système fournirait en effet des observations dites « isolées », c'est-à-dire qu'une orbite n'est pas immédiatement déductible de chacune d'entre elles. Le grand nombre combinaisons nécessaires est alors prohibitif en termes de temps de calcul pour la résolution de ce problème de pistage. Nous proposons dans ces travaux une nouvelle méthode pour initialiser les pistes, c'est-à-dire associer des observations isolées avec une faible ambiguïté et en déduire des orbites précises. Les pistes ainsi obtenues sont combinées et filtrées grâce à un algorithme de pistage multicible que nous avons adapté aux particularités du problème. Avec un taux de couverture de plus de 80 % obtenu en temps réel sur 3 jours pour des scénarios de 500 à 800 objets en plus d'un fort taux de fausses alarmes, les performances de la méthode proposée tendent à prouver la faisabilité du système envisagé. Afin d'extrapoler les résultats obtenus à de plus fortes densités d'observations, nous proposons un modèle de complexité combinatoire calibré sur les performances de l'algorithme aux faibles densités. L'apport d'un second capteur identique est également étudié et met en évidence un point de compromis entre réactivité et complexité combinatoire, ce qui offre un degré de liberté supplémentaire dans la conception d'un tel système. / Space debris have become a significant threat to the viability of operational satellites in Low-Earth-Orbit. In order to avoid accidental collisions, space surveillance systems exist but their detection performance is limited for the small debris (less than 10cm). New solutions are then at study. This thesis aims at supporting the feasibility of a ground-based radar sensor with a narrow-fence type field of regard for the cataloging of the small space debris. Such a system would produce “isolated” observations, that is to say that an orbit is not directly available from each one of them. The large number of potential combinations is then computationally prohibitive for solving this tracking problem. In this work, we propose a new method for track initiation, i.e. associating isolated observations with little ambiguity and deduce accurate orbits. The obtained set of tracks are combined and filtered using an multitarget tracking algorithm that we have adapted to the peculiarities of the problem. With a coverage rate of more than 80% in real-time on 3 days for 500 to 800-objects scenarios in addition of a high false alarm rate, the performance of the proposed method supports the feasibility of the considered system. Aiming at extrapolating the obtained results to higher observation densities, we propose a combinatorial complexity model calibrated with the algorithm performance for low detection densities. The contribution of a second identical sensor is also assessed and reveals a possible trade-off between reactivity and combinatorial complexity, which offers an additional degree of freedom in the design of such a system.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoHXJ_DISSERT.pdf: 772600 bytes, checksum: ee1e03bd76d48cdf6c2db181bd00401a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-30 / Durante as ?ltimas d?cadas, as ind?strias farmac?uticas t?m despertado grande interesse em ?leos vegetais e v?rios extratos de planta por causa da sua baixa toxicidade e alta biodegrabilidade. O ?leo de copa?ba (Cop) ? usado in natura na medicina popular como anti-inflamat?rio e antimicrobiano para tratar v?rias doen?as, tais como inflama??o da garganta, ?lceras e infec??es urin?rias e pulmonares. Emuls?es s?o sistemas dispersos termodinamicamente inst?veis que consistem em dispers?es de got?culas microsc?picas em outro l?quido imisc?vel. O objetivo deste trabalho foi preparar diferentes emuls?es de Cop, determinar o EHL cr?tico deste ?leo e avaliar a sua estabilidade, al?m de realizar estudos comparativos entre diferentes m?todos de constru??o de diagramas de fases. As emuls?es foram preparadas pelo m?todo de invers?o de fases variando as propor??es de EHL de 4,7 a 16,7. A estabilidade foi determinada por v?rios m?todos e os diagramas de fases foram produzidos pelo m?todo de titula??o usando diferentes procedimentos de agita??o. As emuls?es a base de Cop com EHL entre 12,7 e 15,7 foram as mais est?veis. As emuls?es apresentaram boa estabilidade em curto e longo prazo, aspecto leitoso e baixos valores de ?ndice de cremagem. Diferentes sistemas coloidais foram produzidos a partir dos diagramas de fases dependendo do processo de agita??o. Baseado nesses m?todos, o valor determinado de EHL do Cop foi 14,8, as emuls?es permaneceram est?veis por mais de um ano e estes resultados indicam que o estudo das emuls?es de Cop pode ser um promissor ve?culo de libera??o t?pica de f?rmacos e ativos cosm?ticos

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:27:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VitorFRA_DISSERT.pdf: 1123328 bytes, checksum: da8ce762873989a22fb2650ea289ccc6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-29 / This paper aims to demonstrate the connection between the application of revenues from oil royalties, exhaustible, even if the long term, and the importance of attempting to the constitutional goal of ensuring the sustainable development, including proposals of regulation. It aims to clarify the constitutional goal of ensure that national development, pointing out its relationship with the right to an ecologically balanced environment, also constitutional provision, demonstrating its important role as a mandatory vector to the Brazilian government. Search the legal nature of the oil royalties and analyzes the regulatory framework of oil royalties, which included extensive legislation, sparse and controversial, a fact that hinders the work of hermeneutist. Pays attention to some international experiences about the application of oil royalties, aiming to establish parameters of other models that can be followed. Exposes the oil royalties as a revenue differentiated, because of its exhaustible character, so that, imperatively, should be used in productive investments, according to intergenerational equity and sustainable development. Proposes a special regulation for revenues from oil royalties with clear criteria for the use of resources, restrictions for its application, as well as controls and sanctions / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo geral demonstrar o liame existente entre a aplica??o das receitas dos royalties de petr?leo, nitidamente exaur?veis, mesmo que a longo prazo, e a import?ncia de se ater ao objetivo constitucional de garantia do desenvolvimento sustent?vel, apresentando propostas regulat?rias para o setor. Tem por prop?sitos espec?ficos explicitar o objetivo constitucional que visa garantir o desenvolvimento nacional, pontuando seu entrela?amento com o direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, tamb?m de previs?o constitucional, demonstrando seu importante papel cogente como vetor do Estado Brasileiro. Busca ainda, pontuar a natureza jur?dica dos royalties de petr?leo e analisar o marco regulat?rio, o qual consta com vasta legisla??o esparsa e controvertida, fato que dificulta o trabalho do hermeneuta. Atenta ainda a algumas experi?ncias internacionais de regramentos acerca da aplica??o dos royalties de petr?leo, objetivando demonstrar par?metros de outros modelos que possam ser seguidos. Cuida ainda de expor os royalties de petr?leo como uma receita p?blica de natureza diferenciada, visto que nitidamente exaur?vel, de modo que, imperiosamente, deve ser utilizada em investimentos produtivos, obedecendo a equidade intergeracional e o desenvolvimento sustent?vel. Defende um regime regulat?rio especial para as receitas dos royalties de petr?leo com crit?rios claros de utiliza??o dos recursos, condicionamentos precisos para sua aplica??o, bem como controles e san??es direcionados

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:27:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroLMS_DISSERT.pdf: 1243404 bytes, checksum: a66886d7bd50af4f3d588abf9d909100 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-10 / Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte / The demands brought by a society doomed to the constant production of global risks, which whose effects are not immediately noticed effects are not perceived immediately, claim from the Law a new Theory about the Risk, that would offer a broad environmental protection, at the same time it would still be compatible with the idea of economic efficiency, required by the Modern Industry. The expansion of the methods and technologies regarding the exploitation and production of oil causes the constant expansion of the exploitable boundaries, especially in ultra-deep waters with the Pre-salt layer, in Brazil, or the still incipient research about the polymetallic nodules and other mineral sources in international waters, like the Atl?ntico Sudoeste, by the Programme on Ocean Science in Relation do Non Living Resources (OSNLR), a global study performed in partnership with the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, from UNESCO (IOC UNESCO) and also with the Division of Ocean Affairs and Law of the Sea (UNDOALOS). Thus, we aim to analyze the correlation, and possible collisions between the right to a balanced environment and the free exercise of economic activity and the occurrence of environmental damages from the perspective of the exploitation activities of oil and other natural resources in international waters, specifically in the Area, from the constitutional principle of sustainable development and its legitimacy by the environmental international protection. Therefore, this study also aims to evaluate the legal framework for exploration and production of oil in international waters, particularly in the Area, and appraise how the constitutional instruments and mechanisms for environmental protection can impact on the international environmental protection system in order to ensure the present and future generations an ecologically balanced environment, laid down in Article 225 of the Brazilian Constitution, even with so many risks posed by the activities of exploitation and production of oil in international waters. In the meantime, we intend to also intend to investigate the possibility of future liability for environmental damage in order to ensure that constitutional principle and, consequently, and try to define the concept of environmental damage and its implications on the constitutional principle of environmental protection. Given all that was in summary, this work aims to contribute to the evolution of the new Theory of Environmental Risk, turning the law into something more than a punitive or corrective element in this society, but into a legal risk management, that may be triggered even before the consolidation of the damage / As exig?ncias requeridas por uma Sociedade fadada ? produ??o constante de riscos globais, cujos efeitos n?o s?o percebidos imediatamente, exigem do Direito uma nova Teoria do Risco que ofere?a uma prote??o ambiental mais completa, e da mesma forma seja compat?vel com os ideais de efici?ncia econ?mica requeridos pela Ind?stria moderna. Com a expans?o dos m?todos e tecnologias no que diz respeito ? explora??o e produ??o de petr?leo, h? tamb?m a constante amplia??o das fronteiras explor?veis, notadamente em ?guas ultra-profundas com a Camada Pr?-Sal, no Brasil, ou as ainda incipientes pesquisas de n?dulos polimet?licos e outros recursos minerais em ?guas internacionais, na ?rea, a exemplo do Atl?ntico Sudoeste pelo Programme on Ocean Science in Relation to Non Living Resources (OSNLR), um estudo global compartilhado com a Intergovernamental Oceanographic Commission, da UNESCO (IOC UNESCO) e com a Division of Ocean Affairs and Law of the Sea (UNDOALOS). Dessa maneira, almeja-se analisar a correla??o existente, e as eventuais colis?es, entre o direito ao meio ambiente equilibrado e o livre exerc?cio da atividade econ?mica, bem como a ocorr?ncia de dano ambiental na perspectiva das atividades de explora??o de petr?leo e de outros recursos naturais em ?guas internacionais, especificamente na ?rea, sob a luz do princ?pio constitucional do desenvolvimento sustent?vel e sua legitima??o pela tutela internacional do meio ambiente. Assim, pretende tamb?m o presente trabalho avaliar o regime jur?dico da explora??o e produ??o de petr?leo em ?guas internacionais, notadamente na ?rea, e avaliar, nesse contexto, como podem os instrumentos e mecanismos constitucionais de prote??o ambiental imiscuir-se na esfera de internacional prote??o ao meio ambiente como forma de garantir ?s presentes e futuras gera??es um meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, previsto no artigo 225 da Constitui??o Federal, mesmo diante de tantos riscos apresentados pela atividade de explora??o e produ??o de petr?leo em ?guas internacionais. Nesse ?nterim, pretende-se, ainda, investigar a possibilidade de responsabiliza??o futura do dano ambiental como forma de garantir esse postulado constitucional e, para tanto, ambiciona-se delimitar o conceito de dano ambiental e suas implica??es diante do princ?pio constitucional da prote??o ao meio ambiente. Diante de tudo o que fora exposto, pretende este trabalho contribuir para a evolu??o da nova Teoria do Risco Ambiental, transformando o Direito em algo mais que um elemento corretivo ou punitivo nessa sociedade, mas que seja um instrumento jur?dico de gest?o de riscos, podendo ser acionado antes mesmo da consolida??o do dano

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:08:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JulioAAC.pdf: 3453291 bytes, checksum: b72244b96bb74ba746042bb84a854ad5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-07-01 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The structural framework of the sedimentary basins usually plays an important role in oil prospects and reservoirs. Geometry, interconectivity and density of the brittle features developed during basin evolution could change the permo-porous character of the rocks involved in generation, migration and entrapment of fluid flow. Once the structural characterization of the reservois using only sub-surface data is not an easy task, many studies are focused in analogous outcrops trying to understand the main processes by which brittle tectonic is archieved. In the Santana do Acara? region (Cear? state, NE Brazil) a pack of conglomeratic sandstone (here named CAC) has its geometry controlled mainly by NE trending faults, interpreted as related to reactivation of a precambrian Sobral Pedro II Lineament (LSP-II). Geological mapping of the CAC showed a major NE-SW trending synform developed before its complete lithification during a dextral transpression. This region was then selected to be studied in details in order of constrain the cretaceous deformation and so help the understanding the deformation of the basins along the brazilian equatorial margin. In order to characterize the brittle deformation in different scales, I study some attributes of the fractures and faults such as orientation, density, kinematic, opening, etc., through scanlines in satellite images, outcrops and thin sections. The study of the satellite images showed three main directions of the macrostructures, N-S, NE-SW and E-W. Two of theses features (N-S and E-W) are in aggreement with previous geophysical data. A bimodal pattern of the lineaments in the CAC?s basement rocks has been evidenciated by the NE and NW sets of structures obtained in the meso and microscale data. Besides the main dextral transpression two others later events, developed when the sediments were complety lithified, were recognized in the area. The interplay among theses events is responsible for the compartimentation of the CAC in several blocks along within some structural elements display diferents orientations. Based on the variation in the S0 orientation, the CAC can be subdivided in several domains. Dispite of the variations in orientations of the fractures/faults in the diferents domains, theses features, in the meso and microscopic scale, are concentrated in two sets (based on their trend) in all domains which show similar orientation of the S0 surface. Thus the S0 orientation was used to group the domains in three major sets: i) The first one is that where S0 is E-W oriented: the fractures are oriented mainly NE with the development of a secondary NW trending; ii) S0 trending NE: the fractures are concentrated mainly along the trend NW with a secondary concentration along the NE trend; iii) The third set, where S0 is NS the main fractures are NE and the secondary concentration is NW. Another analized parameter was the fault/fracture length. This attribute was studied in diferent scales trying to detect the upscale relationship. A terrain digital model (TDM) was built with the brittlel elements supperposed. This model enhanced a 3D visualization of the area as well as the spatial distribution of the fault/fractures. Finally, I believe that a better undertanding of the brittle tectonic affecting both CAC and its nearby basement will help the future interpretations of the tectonic envolved in the development of the sedimentary basins of the brazilian equatorial margin and their oil reservoirs and prospects, as for instance the Xar?u field in the Cear? basin, which subsurface data could be correlated with the surface ones / Grande parte dos prospectos e reservat?rios de petr?leo tem o seu arcabou?o estrutural como um fator de grande import?ncia. A geometria, interconectividade e densidade dos elementos da tect?nica fr?gil (falhas, fraturas, etc.), t?m grande influ?ncia no car?ter permo-poroso do meio e, por conseguinte, no fluxo de fluidos. Tendo em vista as dificuldades encontradas para a caracteriza??o da deforma??o fr?gil, unicamente com dados de subsuperf?cie, v?rios estudos est?o sendo direcionados ao detalhamento das por??es emersas das bacias e de seus substratos, em busca de an?logos da deforma??o. Na Regi?o de Santana do Acara? aflora um corpo aren?tico conglomer?tico (CAC) cuja geometria ? controlada por falhas, principalmente de trend NE, interpretadas como decorrentes da reativa??o do Lineamento Sobral Pedro II (LSP-II). A fim de caracterizar a deforma??o fr?gil em diferentes escalas, estudou-se os atributos do fraturamento tais como: orienta??o, densidade, cinem?tica, abertura, etc., atrav?s de scanlines em imagens de sat?lite, afloramentos e se??es delgadas. O estudo das imagens de sat?lite mostrou que as macroestruturas da ?rea apresentam tr?s dire??es preferenciais sendo elas N-S, NE-SW e E-W. As dire??es N-S e E-W s?o compat?veis com movimento de blocos observados por estudos gravim?tricos. O estudo do CAC mostrou que ele apresenta uma estrutura sinformal alongada na dire??o NE-SW, fruto de uma tect?nica transpressional dextral desenvolvida enquanto o corpo ainda n?o estava completamente litificado. Foi evidenciada a exist?ncia de duas outras fases de reativa??o, ocorridas quando o CAC j? se encontrava totalmente litificado. A tect?nica fr?gil compartimentou o CAC em blocos, cujo basculamento, gera varia??es na orienta??o de alguns de seus elementos (S0, por exemplo). Com base na varia??o da orienta??o de S0, o CAC pode ser subdividido em v?rios dom?nios. Do ponto de vista da orienta??o do fraturamento/falhamento os estudos na meso e microescala mostraram que as rochas do embasamento do CAC possuem um padr?o de lineamentos basicamente bimodal (NE e NW), enquanto no CAC observou-se que, embora haja uma distribui??o do fraturamento em varias dire??es, em todos os dom?nios, a concentra??o ao longo de dois trends espec?ficos nos dom?nios que apresentam as mesmas orienta??es de S0 ? marcante, caracter?stica e distinta. Os diversos dom?nios s?o agrupados em tr?s conjuntos, onde o conjunto que apresenta S0 praticamente NW mostra um fraturamento principal com trend NE e secund?rio NW, enquanto que o conjunto apresentando S0 com dire??o NE, mostra uma maior concentra??o dos lineamentos ao longo dos trend NW e secundariamente com trend NE. No conjunto de dom?nios com S0 praticamente N-S, o trend principal do fraturamento ? NE e o secund?rio NW. Outros atributos do fraturamento, tal como o seu comprimento, foi tamb?m analisado e comparado em diversas escalas buscando verificar se existia uma rela??o de upscale. O desenvolvimento de um modelo digital de terreno, com as estruturas fr?geis superpostas, propiciou uma vis?o tridimensional da regi?o estudada. O entendimento da deforma??o fr?gil que atingiu o corpo aren?tico-conglomer?tico (CAC) da regi?o de Santana do Acara? (CE) e seu substrato reveste-se de import?ncia pela presen?a de reservat?rios fraturados nas bacias da margem equatorial brasileira (Campo de Xareu na bacia do Cear?, por exemplo), cujos dados podem ser confrontados com os de superf?cie