Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:16:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EvertonNA_DISSERT.pdf: 1792705 bytes, checksum: 2091882fa52265fca623e2d01c142cfa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Natural oils have shown a scientific importance due to its pharmacological activity and renewable character. The copaiba (Copaifera langsdorffii) and Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana Shaw) oils are used in folk medicine particularly because the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Emulsion could be eligible systems to improve the palatability and fragrance, enhance the pharmacological activities and reduce the toxicological effects of these oils. The aim of this work was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of emulsions based on copaiba (resin-oil and essential-oil) and bullfrog oils against fungi and bacteria which cause skin diseases. Firstly, the essential oil was extracted from copaiba oil-resin and the oils were characterized by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Secondly, emulsion systems were produced. A microbiological screening test with all products was performed followed (the minimum inhibitory concentration, the bioautography method and the antibiofilm determination). Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, C. krusei and C. tropicalis American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and clinical samples were used. The emulsions based on copaiba oil-resin and essential oil improved the antimicrobial activity of the pure oils, especially against Staphylococcus e Candida resistant to azoles. The bullfrog oil emulsion and the pure bullfrog oil showed a lower effect on the microorganisms when compared to the copaiba samples. All the emulsions showed a significant antibiofilm activity by inhibiting the cell adhesion. Thus, it may be concluded that emulsions based on copaiba and bullfrog oils are promising candidates to treatment of fungal and bacterial skin infections / Os ?leos naturais v?m chamando aten??o da comunidade cient?fica devido a suas atividades farmacol?gicas e seu car?ter renov?vel. Os ?leos de copa?ba (Copaifera langsdorffii) e de r?-touro (Rana catesbeiana Shaw) ganham destaque, especialmente devido a ampla utiliza??o na medicina popular como anti-inflamat?rios e antimicrobianos. Sistemas emulsionados a base destes ?leos podem ser produzidos com a finalidade de melhorar o odor e a palatabilidade dos mesmos, al?m de potencializar a??o e reduzir toxicidade dos seus componentes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a atividade antimicrobiana de emuls?es contendo ?leos de copa?ba (?leo-resina e ?leo essencial) e ?leo de r?-touro frente a cepas de micro-organismos causadores de infec??es cut?neas. Inicialmente, foi realizada a extra??o de ?leo essencial e sua caracteriza??o qu?mica por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectroscopia de massas. Em seguida, foram produzidas emuls?es, ensaios de triagem microbiol?gica, microdilui??o para determina??o de concentra??o inibit?ria m?nima, bioautografia para determina??o dos componentes antimicrobianos e avalia??o da atividade antibiofilme. Foram utilizadas cepas da American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) e cl?nicas de Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, C. krusei e C. tropicalis. Foi observado que os sistemas emulsionados de ?leo-resina de copa?ba e ?leo essencial de copa?ba contribu?ram na potencializa??o da atividade antimicrobiana, especialmente contra cepas do g?nero Staphylococcus e Candida resistentes aos az?is. A emuls?o de ?leo de r?-touro assim como o ?leo puro, apresentou menor atividade que as amostras de copa?ba, por?m exibiu significativa a??o antibiofilme, demonstrando que este sistema ? um potencial inibidor da ades?o de micro-organismos. Deste modo, pode-se inferir que as emuls?es a base destes ?leos s?o promissores sistemas para o tratamento de infec??es cut?neas f?ngicas e bacterianas

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GertrudesOQ.pdf: 1545154 bytes, checksum: 8733f5db29d9ddd6780de7e34160f375 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-16 / Thermal methods made heavy oil production possible in fields where primary recovery failed. Throughout the years steam injection became one of the most important alternatives to increase heavy oil recovery. There are many types of steam injection, and one of them is the cyclic steam injection, which has been used with success in several countries, including Brazil. The process involves three phases: firstly, steam is injected, inside of the producing well; secondly, the well is closed (soak period); and finally, the well is put back into production. These steps constitute one cycle. The cycle is repeated several times until economical production limit is reached. Usually, independent of reservoir type, as the number of cycles increases the cyclic injection turns less efficient. This work aims to analyze rock and reservoir property influence in the cyclic steam injection. The objective was to study the ideal number of cycles and, consequently, process optimization. Simulations were realized using the STARS simulator from the CMG group based in a proposed reservoir model. It was observed that the reservoir thickness was the most important parameter in the process performance, whilst soaking time influence was not significant / Os m?todos t?rmicos viabilizaram a produ??o de ?leo pesado em campos considerados n?o comerciais pelos m?todos convencionais de recupera??o. A inje??o de vapor, em particular, veio a se consagrar ao longo dos anos e ? hoje uma das principais alternativas economicamente vi?vel para o aumento da recupera??o dos ?leos pesados. Dentre as ramifica??es da inje??o de vapor existentes a inje??o c?clica tem sido utilizada com sucesso em escalas comerciais em v?rios pa?ses, incluindo o Brasil. O processo envolve tr?s fases: a primeira ? a inje??o de vapor na qual o vapor ? injetado, dentro do po?o produtor, por um per?odo espec?fico de tempo; em seguida, o po?o ? fechado por um curto per?odo de tempo ( soak period ); e finalmente, o po?o ? recolocado em produ??o durante meses a anos. Esse processo constitui um ciclo. O ciclo ? repetido um n?mero de vezes at? que o limite econ?mico na produ??o seja alcan?ado. Independente do tipo de reservat?rio, a inje??o c?clica geralmente se torna menos eficiente ? propor??o que o n?mero de ciclos aumenta. Este trabalho visa analisar a influ?ncia de algumas propriedades de rocha e reservat?rio na inje??o c?clica de vapor a fim de estudar o n?mero ideal de ciclos e, conseq?entemente, otimizar o processo. Foram realizadas simula??es, utilizando o simulador STARS do grupo CMG, a partir de um modelo de reservat?rio proposto. Observou-se que o efeito da espessura do reservat?rio foi o par?metro que mais influenciou no desempenho do processo, enquanto que para o tempo de soaking essa influ?ncia n?o foi significativa

Le travail de thèse entreprend une reconstruction critique de la philosophie politique de Leo Strauss (1899-1973) en partant de ses écrits de jeunesse allemands, replacés dans leur contexte politique et philosophique d’émergence et particulièrement dans les mouvements de la « renaissance juive » des années 1920. Au lieu de comparer son œuvre à celle d’autres grands classiques de la philosophie politique du XXe siècle ou d’analyser ces textes de jeunesse à la lumière de sa réception aux États-Unis, où lui et ses disciples sont souvent associés au mouvement néoconservateur américain, il s’agit ici de voir comment son positionnement politico-philosophique spécifique se construit dans la confrontation au « dilemme théologico-politique » dans lequel la pensée juive-allemande est prise face à la radicalisation de l’antisémitisme allemand pendant et après la Première Guerre Mondiale : judaïsme national ou judaïsme religieux ? Dans ses premiers écrits des années 1920, Strauss transforme cette opposition en celle entre Lumières et orthodoxie, entre athéisme et théisme, opposition qu’il ne cessera de vouloir dépasser à travers la construction d’un « athéisme biblique ». Nous montrons que ce n’est cependant que dans les années 1930, après son « tournant platonicien », que Strauss trouvera, par l’intermédiaire d’une nouvelle interprétation de Maïmonide, sa solution au « dilemme théologico-politique », sur des bases philosophiques pré-modernes. Avec le retour à ces Lumières platoniciennes, Strauss tente d’harmoniser Lumières et anti-Lumières, la défense du rationalisme et la justification d’un ordre théologico-politique autoritaire, projet paradoxal qui forme le cœur de son néoconservatisme philosophique. / My thesis undertakes a critical reconstruction of the political philosophy of Leo Strauss (1899-1973) on the basis of his early writings, which I contextualize in the political and philosophical frame of the Weimar Republic and the “German-Jewish Renaissance” of the 1920s. My main hypothesis is that his concept of ”political philosophy” emerges from a confrontation with the “theological-political dilemma” that German-Jewish thought faced after the First World War, the radicalization of German Anti-Semitism and the problem of being torn between national and religious Judaism. I argue that in his early writings of the 1920s, Strauss transforms this dilemma into the opposition between Enlightenment and orthodoxy, atheism and theism that he tries to overcome in the form of an “biblical atheism”. In the 1930s, after his “Platonic turn”, Strauss finds another solution to the “dilemma”, now on pre-modern philosophical grounds, through a new interpretation of Maimonides. With the return to this “platonic” Enlightenment, Strauss tries to harmonize anti-Enlightenment and Enlightenment, pre-modern rationalism and the justification of authoritarian theological-political order. My argument ist that this paradoxical project is the core of his philosophical neo-conservatism.

Leo Brouwer's Sonata Mitología de las Aguas No. I for flute and guitar, first published in 2017, has taken its place as an important twenty-first-century addition to the flute and guitar duo repertory. I provide a brief historical context for the work, followed by preparation guides for guitar alone and duo passages. My preparation guides include exercises and rehearsal strategies, focusing on those passages of the work that include controlled indeterminacy. The study of indeterminacy in music is unusual in the pedagogy of the classical guitarist; this leaves guitarists unprepared for dealing with pieces, especially chamber works, that use improvisation or aleatoric music as a primary element. I take a multifaceted approach to facilitate the realization of the indeterminate sections of the work; this includes demonstrations of my traditional music notation transcriptions and other rehearsal strategies and the application of music performance study systems by James Thurmond and Marcel Tabuteau. This document aims to provide guidance to creating an organic, natural aesthetic in the actualization of Brouwer's groundbreaking work.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 20-23, 2003 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / An implementation of a Pseudo Error Detection (PSED) system is presented and its performance in conjunction with smart antenna and smart diversity systems tested and evaluated. Non redundancy, instant response and relative simplicity make the Pseudo Error Detectors excellent real time error monitoring systems in smart antenna and smart diversity systems. Because of the Non-redundant Error Detection mechanism in Pseudo Error Detectors, we can monitor the error quality without any coding or overhead. The output of the pseudo error detector in AWGN, selective fading Doppler shift and other interference environments is directly correlated to the BER and BLER. This direct correlation makes it a great tool for online error monitoring of a system and can have numerous applications In a PSED the Eye diagram from the demodulator is sampled once per symbol. By monitoring and comparison of the eye at sampled intervals at different thresholds, we would know if an error has occurred. By integrating this result over a period of time we can get the averaged error level. The results provided in this paper were obtained and verified by both MatLab simulations using dynamic simulation techniques and hardware measurements over dynamic channels.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 20-23, 2003 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / An improved performance smart diversity was invented to improve the signal performance in a combined selective fading, Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), Co-channel interference (CCI) and Doppler shift environment such as the LEO satellite channel. This system is also applicable to aeronautical and telemetry channels. Smart diversity is defined here as a mechanism that selects at each moment the best branch in a n-branch diversity system based on the error quality with no default branch and no prioritization. The predominant novelty of this discovery is the introduction of multi level analog based Pseudo Error Detectors (PSED) in every branch. One of the advantages of PSED is that it is a non redundant error detection system, with no requirement for overhead and no need for additional valuable spectrum. This research was motivated by problems in LEO satellite systems due to low orbit and high relative speed with respect to the ground stations. The system is independent of the modulation techniques and is applicable to both coherent and non-coherent detections. The results from simulations using dynamic simulation techniques and hardware measurements over dynamic channels show significant improvement of both the Bit Error Rate (BER) and the Block Error Rate (BLER).

The problem of understanding political foundings is situated at the nexus between political philosophy and political science. This thesis rethinks founding by asking both the philosophical question of how political order comes into being, and the political science question of how to understand particular founding moments. These two questions stimulate and structure a dialogue between the works of Leo Strauss, Hannah Arendt and Eric Voegelin. The approach of founding in all three has a common starting point: they begin from ordinary experience and outline a political science that is mindful of the phenomenality of political life. I show that Strauss’s return to ordinary experience is partial. By limiting political life to the normative claims raised in it and submitting them to philosophical judgment, Strauss moves too quickly beyond political phenomena. His account of founding, as a consequence, vacillates between understanding particular founding acts and conceiving the perfect founding moment in abstract thought. Arendt’s work decisively shifts the problem on the side of practical understanding. Yet, her ontological account of action as appearance subtly displaces her concern for understanding historical actions. I move away from approaching historical foundings as a mode of appearing in the world, by recovering an account of action as experience. On that basis, I suggest a hermeneutics of experience which approaches foundings in light of the quest for meaning. With Voegelin founding is recovered as a symbol that exists only in the quest of understanding. Founding occurs in the experience of struggle to restore a reality that has become symbolically opaque. This experience is shared by the philosopher and the political actor; therefore to understand moments of founding requires the interweaving, and not separation, of political philosophy and political science. At the end, the quest of understanding founding moments is neither derivative, nor preparatory, but encompassing the philosophical question of how order comes into being.

This study examines phrase and larger formal structures in the first movement of Leo Brouwer’s Elegio de la Danza (1964), a work that draws on tonal and post-tonal traditions. By adapting key features of the tonal motive, as described by Douglass Green, and the tonal period, as proposed by Green and William Caplin, the model seeks to provide a tool for the discussion of phrases and larger forms in Brouwer’s work. An analysis of primary parameters, such as melody, harmony, and rhythm, provides the means to discuss how the composer articulates beginnings and endings of statements and responses, which are then grouped into antecedent and consequent phrases. These periods articulate large-scale sections, which outline a ternary formal design. Secondary parameters (dynamics, tempo markings, instrumental markings) further contribute to the identification of formal structures in Brouwer’s work.

Latin-American guitarist-composers Ernesto Cordero, Leo Brouwer, and Sergio Assad are three of the most influential figures in the contemporary world of classical guitar. In addition to their important compositions for solo guitar, their compositions for guitar ensemble represent significant contributions to the concert repertory. These three guitarist-composers share a knowledge of popular, folkloric and classical music and demonstrate a commitment to bridging these realms in their compositions in the classical tradition. This study reviews the history of the guitar quartet. It then examines the different cultural influences in selected compositions for classical guitar quartet by each composer, exploring the significance of these choices for the performer and for the medium. The document also offers a performer’s guide for accurate and stylistic performance. When performed well, these quartets represent the vitality of contemporary Latin American composition and confirm the stature of the guitar quartet as a compelling medium for the concert artist.

En 1526, Hassan El Wazzan / Jean-Léon l’Africain, achève à Rome la rédaction en italien du manuscrit du Libro della Cosmographia Dell’Africa, œuvre majeure considérée à la Renaissance comme l’une des principales sources de connaissance du continent africain en Europe. En 1550, un savant vénitien du nom de Jean-Baptiste Ramusio publie le texte italien de Jean-Léon dans un recueil de récits de voyages. L’édition, intitulée Descrizione dell’Africa (Description de l’Afrique), diffère significativement du manuscrit original. Elle subit maintes modifications par Ramusio dont l’objectif est de livrer un ouvrage qui répond aux attentes des Européens et qui correspond à l’image que l’Occident chrétien se faisait du monde musulman. Cette version a servi de texte de départ aux nombreuses traductions qui ont suivi. La première traduction française, datant de 1556, est réalisée par Jean Temporal, éditeur et imprimeur lyonnais. La deuxième, parue en 1956 et rééditée en 1980, est l’œuvre d’Alexis Épaulard; elle s’appuie partiellement sur le manuscrit original, mais aussi sur la version imprimée de Ramusio. Notre travail consiste à confronter les deux traductions françaises à l’édition de Ramusio. Nous tenterons de démontrer que les deux traducteurs français sont lourdement intervenus dans le texte traduit, et ce afin de servir des desseins expansionnistes et colonialistes. Notre recherche met en évidence la prise de position des traducteurs et les idéologies qui affectent l’appréciation du livre. Pour ce faire, nous procédons à l’analyse des traductions au niveau textuel et au niveau paratextuel tout en mettant en évidence le contexte historique et politico-idéologique entourant la parution de ces deux traductions françaises. Nous consacrons une attention toute particulière au choix des mots, aux allusions et aux stratégies utilisées par les traducteurs et les éditeurs. Les travaux de Maria Tymoczko sur la traduction et l’engagement politique fournissent le cadre de référence théorique de cette recherche, tout autant que les textes d’Edward Said sur l’orientalisme et le postcolonialisme. Il ressort de cette recherche que ces traductions françaises sont empreintes d’une idéologie eurocentrée visant à conforter les ambitions hégémoniques en terre africaine. / In Rome in 1526, Hassan Al-Wazzan / Ioannes Leo Africanus completed the writing of the Libro della Cosmographia Dell’Africa, a major work of the Renaissance which was seen in Europe as one of the main sources of knowledge about the African continent. In 1550, a Venetian scholar named Giovanni Batista Ramusio published an Italian version of Leo’s work in a collection of travel narratives. This edition entitled Descrizione dell’Africa (Description of Africa), however, differs considerably from Leo’s original manuscript. Ramusio made numerous changes so as to produce a text that would meet European expectations and foster an image of the Muslim world that corresponded with the preconceptions of the Christian West. This version has served as the source text for many of the translations that followed. The first French translation was by Jean Temporal in 1556, a publisher and printer based in Lyon. A second translation was first published in 1956 and then reissued in 1980. This version by Alexis Épaulard is partly based on Leo’s original manuscript, but mainly on Ramusio’s version. This thesis compares the two French translations with Ramusio’s text. The thesis shows that the two French translators heavily intervened in the translated text in order to serve colonialist and expansionist goals. This research highlights the translators’ position as well as the ideologies conveyed by their interventions. The analysis is done at the text and the paratext levels. It also focuses on the historical, political, and ideological context surrounding these translations. Particular attention is paid to lexical choices, allusions and the strategies used by the translators and editors. The works by Maria Tymoczko on translation and political engagement, as well as the texts of Edward Said on orientalism and postcolonial studies, provide the theoretical framework for this research. The analysis shows that the French translations are tinged with a Eurocentric ideology which aims to reinforce hegemonic ambitions in Africa.