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The impact of following a causation versus an effectuation approach on the survival of nascent entrepreneurial ventures in dynamic industriesRust, Arne Francois 03 July 2011 (has links)
This study determines the influence of causation versus effectuation on entrepreneurial firm survival in high and low dynamism industries. Causation approaches a problem with the end in mind while effectuation’s point of departure is the means. Causal logic predicts a best case future scenario and then gathers the necessary resources to realize that scenario. This is contrasted by effectual logic that attempts to “control” the future by making use of the resources in hand (and those that can be borrowed) while trying to achieve the best possible result. The study consists of a means analysis testing for firm survival in highly dynamic industries per “pure” causal or effectual approach and of a variance analysis, testing for survival as a function of the mixed use of causation and effectuation in both high and low dynamism industries. The product of the means analysis indicates that only two entrepreneurs out of a cohort of 1771 follow a “pure” causal or “pure” effectual approach. As a result of this finding the incidence of “pure” causal or effectual approaches in either high or low dynamism industries is negligible. The output from the variance analysis indicates that causation is a significantly better predictor of entrepreneurial survival than effectuation in both high and low dynamism industries at a 99% confidence level. Below is a summary of the survival probabilities for both high and low dynamism industries across the causal/effectual decision spectrum.This study determines the influence of causation versus effectuation on entrepreneurial firm survival in high and low dynamism industries. Causation approaches a problem with the end in mind while effectuation’s point of departure is the means. Causal logic predicts a best case future scenario and then gathers the necessary resources to realize that scenario. This is contrasted by effectual logic that attempts to “control” the future by making use of the resources in hand (and those that can be borrowed) while trying to achieve the best possible result. The study consists of a means analysis testing for firm survival in highly dynamic industries per “pure” causal or effectual approach and of a variance analysis, testing for survival as a function of the mixed use of causation and effectuation in both high and low dynamism industries. The product of the means analysis indicates that only two entrepreneurs out of a cohort of 1771 follow a “pure” causal or “pure” effectual approach. As a result of this finding the incidence of “pure” causal or effectual approaches in either high or low dynamism industries is negligible. The output from the variance analysis indicates that causation is a significantly better predictor of entrepreneurial survival than effectuation in both high and low dynamism industries at a 99% confidence level. Below is a summary of the survival probabilities for both high and low dynamism industries across the causal/effectual decision spectrum. Copyright / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010 / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted
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Impacto das atividades de marketing nos primeiros anos do negócio em seu desempenho futuro / Impact of marketing activities in the early years of the business in its future performanceCamargo Filho, Altair 04 December 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-12-04 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / This study aimed to analyze how the moment in which the venture starts using marketing
activities in its early stages affects its future performance. In order to achieve this goal the
Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED), which consisted of application of
questionnaires, via telephone, to 1,214 new entrepreneurs from the United States between the
years 2005 and 2011. The data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and logistic
regression analysis in which the dependent variables considered as performance were the
survival and profitability of companies. The independent variables, marketing activities, were
“effort to talk with potential clients”; “effort to collect competitors information”, and
“execution of promotional efforts”. For the analysis, it was related the beginning of
realization of marketing activities in the first and second years with the new venture’s
performance in the second, third and fourth years. Results show that the first year is the
optimal time for entrepreneurs to start talking to consumers, that is, the moment that takes the
company to perform better in subsequent years. The execution of promotional efforts in the
first year also leads to positive results for business, but results regarding the optimal moment
to develop this action and regarding the collection of information about competitors were
inconclusive. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar como o momento do início da realização de atividades
de marketing nos primeiros anos de uma empresa impacta no seu desempenho futuro. Para
atingir o objetivo foi utilizada a base de dados longitudinal do Panel Study of Entrepreneurial
Dynamics (PSED), que consistiu na aplicação de questionários, via telefone, a 1214
empreendedores nascentes dos Estados Unidos entre os anos de 2005 e 2011. A análise de
dados se deu por estatística descritiva e análise de regressão logística, em que as variáveis
dependentes consideradas como desempenho foram a sobrevivência e a rentabilidade das
empresas. Como variáveis independentes – atividades de marketing – foram consideradas o
“diálogo com clientes”, “coleta de informações dos concorrentes”, e “execução de esforços
promocionais”. Para a análise, foram relacionados o início da realização das atividades de
marketing no primeiro e no segundo anos da empresa com o desempenho do negócio no
segundo, terceiro e quarto anos. Como resultados, esta pesquisa mostra que ao longo do
primeiro ano de funcionamento é o momento ótimo para que o empreendedor inicie diálogos
com seus clientes, ou seja, que leva a empresa ao melhor desempenho nos anos subsequentes.
Constatou-se que a execução de esforços promocionais logo no primeiro ano também leva a
resultados positivos para o negócio, mas não foram encontrados resultados conclusivos sobre
o momento ótimo para realizar esta ação, bem como para coletar informações dos
concorrentes.
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Formas de capital, capacidade inovadora e inovação em empresas nascentes / Forms of Capital, innovation capability and innovation in nascent enterprisesPagotto, Daniel do Prado 31 May 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-05-31 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / This research identifies, along the process of venture creation, the relationship of different forms of
capital on innovation capability’s variation and, further, the impact of the latter on innovation. In
order to achieve this goal, the Panel Study of Entrepreneurship Dynamics (PSED) was used,
considering only solo entrepreneurs. The research design was split in two models. In the first one,
different forms of capital – financial, human and social – were used as independent variables while
the variation of innovation capability was considered the dependent variable. In the second model,
innovation capability’s variation becomes the predictor variable and innovation turn into response
variable. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to test both models. Results showed that
formal education, physical social capital and personal finances are resources that positively impact
innovation capability’s variation. Furthermore, the second model presented a positive and
significant relationship between the innovation capability and innovation of nascent entrepreneurs. / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar, ao longo do processo de criação de empresas, a
influência da composição de diferentes formas de capital na variação de capacidade inovadora e,
em seguida, desta na inovação. Para cumprir este objetivo, foi utilizada a base de dados em painel
Panel Study of Entrepreneurship Dynamics (PSED) com um corte de apenas empreendedores sem
equipes. O desenho da pesquisa foi dividido em dois modelos. No primeiro, as variáveis
independentes consideradas foram formas de capital enquanto a variável dependente foi a variação
da capacidade inovadora. Em seguida, para o segundo modelo, a capacidade inovadora tornou-se a
variável preditora enquanto a inovação foi utilizada como variável resposta. A partir disso, foram
realizados testes de regressão múltipla. Considerando os resultados, foi possível identificar que o
grau de escolaridade, o capital social físico e as finanças pessoais são recursos que impactam na
variação positiva da capacidade inovadora. Em seguida, com base no segundo modelo, observou-se
que a capacidade inovadora impacta a inovação nas empresas nascentes.
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A aprendizagem do empreendedorismo e a sua influência no processo de criação de empresas / The learning of entrepreneurship and its influence on the process of creation of companiesSchneider, Anderson 29 April 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-04-29 / The aim of this study was to understand the influence of learning history of nascent
entrepreneurship about start-up process and the future performance of the companies. To this end,
we used the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics II (PSED II) as a sample. This is a panel
involving 1214 United States entrepreneurs were accompanied during the years of 2005 to 2011
through telephone interviews on various topics involving the business creation process. The study
had as theoretical axis organisational learning and learning entrepreneurship and was developed in
two stages, the first being with the specific objective of assessing the causal relationship between
learning history of entrepreneurs and the activities of start-up process by which we used the
method of multiple linear regression. The second involved the assessment of the causal relationship
between the realization of activities of the startup process and the future performance of the
companies using logistic regression methods. The results demonstrate that the learning history of
entrepreneurs favors the activities of business creation process, and these in turn, when carried out,
increase the chances of the businesses achieve best performance results, translated in conducting
sales and achieving a balance between revenue and expenditure. It was noted also that the learning
history by itself does not have significant relations with the performance. / O objetivo desse estudo foi compreender a influência do histórico de aprendizagem dos
empreendedores sobre o processo de criação e o desempenho futuro das empresas. Para
tanto, utilizou-se o Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics II (PSED II) como amostra.
Trata-se de um painel envolvendo 1.214 empreendedores nascentes dos Estados Unidos que
foram acompanhados durante os anos de 2005 a 2011 através de entrevistas por telefone
sobre diversos temas que envolvem o processo de criação de empresas. O estudo teve como
eixo teórico a aprendizagem organizacional e a aprendizagem do empreendedorismo e foi
desenvolvido em duas etapas sendo a primeira com o objetivo específico de avaliar a relação
causal entre o histórico de aprendizagem dos empreendedores e a realização de atividades do
processo de criação de empresas e pela qual utilizou-se o método de regressão linear
múltipla. A segunda envolveu a avaliação da relação causal entre a realização de atividades
do processo de criação e o desempenho futuro das empresas, utilizandose para tanto,
métodos de regressão logística. Os resultados demonstram que o histórico de aprendizagem
dos empreendedores favorece a realização de atividades do processo de criação de empresas,e essas por sua vez, quando realizadas, aumentam as chances das empresas atingirem
melhores resultados de desempenho, traduzidos na realização de vendas e o atingimento do
equilíbrio entre receitas e despesas. Percebeu-se também, que o histórico de aprendizagem
por si só, não possui relações significativas com o desempenho.
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ISOLATING THE TARGETS OF SIX TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR IN EPHYDATIA MUELLERI AND IDENTIFYING THE ROLE OF THE SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE 6 IN HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE TO TRICHOMONAS VAGINALISGudial, Gurbir Kaur 01 January 2017 (has links)
Sponges are the descendants of the oldest members of the metazoan phylogenetic lineage and their genome contains animal specific genes but lack true tissues, organ systems, and neurons. Thus, the sponge model system can be used to elucidate origin of developmental processes. The PSED (RDGN) network (Pax/Six/Eya/Dac) is important in development of eyes, muscles, and other structures in Bilaterians. Similarly, sponges contain a precursor Pax-Six gene network. The Ephydatia muelleri (Em) PaxB protein binds to a
Pax2/5/8 consensus sequence site and two cis-regulatory elements upstream and one intron sequence of EmSix1/2 (Rivera et al., 2013).
This study aimed to determine if transcription factor EmSix1/2 binds upstream of EmPaxB using gel shift mobility assays, identify other downstream targets of EmSix1/2 using DNA immunoprecipitation, and to identify the recognition sequence of Six in sponges through sequencing. In conclusion, purified EmSix binds to DNA specific fragments (1 and 3), which may contain enhancer sequences located in the PaxB promoter region.Possible consensus recognition sequence of Six in sponges were also identified.
The host immune response has various mechanisms to protect the organism from infections and invasions of microorganisms and cell damaging chemicals. One such mechanism is the elimination of reactive oxygen species aided by superoxide dismutase (SOD). A study showed that anti-neutrophil chemotactic factor antibodies recognize Tritrichomonas foetus SOD (Granger et al., 1997). During first casualties, SOD is released and triggers a host immune response. The parasites could use SOD to counter oxidative attacks by the leukocytes and damaged cells to protect surrounding parasites. We used the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis that causes trichomoniasis to determine if SOD acts a neutrophil (or other leukocyte) chemotactic factor in this parasite and characterize the expression and secretions of epithelial cells when treated with SOD6. HeLa cells treated with SOD6 showed an increase in the expression of IL-8 chemokine relative to TrxR treated cells. Scratch test assays showed that SOD may act as a macrophage chemoattractant as compared to TrxR but further tests are needed to confirm this.
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PSEUDO ERROR DETECTION IN SMART ANTENNA/DIVERSITY SYSTEMSHaghdad, Mehdi, Feher, Kamilo 10 1900 (has links)
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 20-23, 2003 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / An implementation of a Pseudo Error Detection (PSED) system is presented and its
performance in conjunction with smart antenna and smart diversity systems tested and
evaluated. Non redundancy, instant response and relative simplicity make the Pseudo
Error Detectors excellent real time error monitoring systems in smart antenna and smart
diversity systems. Because of the Non-redundant Error Detection mechanism in Pseudo
Error Detectors, we can monitor the error quality without any coding or overhead. The
output of the pseudo error detector in AWGN, selective fading Doppler shift and other
interference environments is directly correlated to the BER and BLER. This direct
correlation makes it a great tool for online error monitoring of a system and can have
numerous applications
In a PSED the Eye diagram from the demodulator is sampled once per symbol. By
monitoring and comparison of the eye at sampled intervals at different thresholds, we
would know if an error has occurred. By integrating this result over a period of time we
can get the averaged error level. The results provided in this paper were obtained and
verified by both MatLab simulations using dynamic simulation techniques and hardware
measurements over dynamic channels.
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SMART ANTENNA (DIVERSITY) AND NON-FEEDBACK IF EQUALIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR LEO SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS IN A COMPLEX INTERFERENCE ENVIRONMENTHaghdad, Mehdi, Feher, Kamilo 10 1900 (has links)
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 20-23, 2003 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / An improved performance smart diversity was invented to improve the signal performance in a
combined selective fading, Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), Co-channel interference
(CCI) and Doppler shift environment such as the LEO satellite channel. This system is also
applicable to aeronautical and telemetry channels. Smart diversity is defined here as a
mechanism that selects at each moment the best branch in a n-branch diversity system based on
the error quality with no default branch and no prioritization. The predominant novelty of this
discovery is the introduction of multi level analog based Pseudo Error Detectors (PSED) in every
branch. One of the advantages of PSED is that it is a non redundant error detection system, with
no requirement for overhead and no need for additional valuable spectrum.
This research was motivated by problems in LEO satellite systems due to low orbit and high
relative speed with respect to the ground stations. The system is independent of the modulation
techniques and is applicable to both coherent and non-coherent detections. The results from
simulations using dynamic simulation techniques and hardware measurements over dynamic
channels show significant improvement of both the Bit Error Rate (BER) and the Block Error
Rate (BLER).
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RURAL AND URBAN START-UP ENTREPRENEURSJoo, Hyunjeong 01 January 2011 (has links)
This study investigates the reasons for apparent differences in entrepreneurship rates in rural and urban areas using a Survey of Rural Kentucky Residents (SRKR) and the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED) data. We estimate the determinants of dissimilar characteristics for rural and urban areas in two aspects: one is individual and contextual resources; the other is cultural tendencies of resources.
The results of the analysis suggest that the difference in available individual, economic, and social support resources does not explain the observed difference in entrepreneurship rate. The results also indicate that gender, ethnicity, income, and number of children in the family have different effects on entrepreneurial intentions in rural and urban settings.
The results suggest that policy makers need to account for cultural or geographical differences when designing entrepreneurial educational and support programs in order to enhance the establishment of new business between rural and urban areas.
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