The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes of high school social studies teachers who had English Language Learners (ELL) mainstreamed in their social studies classes. In the school district in which the study took place, approximately 70% (n=240) of the high school social studies teachers had ELL students in their classrooms. For the quantitative portion of the survey, 344 surveys were given to each social studies department chairperson in the county to be completed by all the teachers who currently had ELL students in their social studies classroom. For the qualitative portion of the study, eight high school social studies teachers were interviewed as to their attitudes towards mainstreaming ELL students. Both the survey and interview instruments were developed by Reeves (2002) when she measured teacher attitudes towards mainstreaming ELL students. While a majority of teachers appreciated the cultural diversity which ELL students brought to the classroom, more than three-fourths of the teachers reported that they would prefer ELL students not being in their social studies classrooms until they have reached a minimum level of English proficiency. While a broad spectrum of attitudes were reported towards support teachers received, many survey and interview participants did not feel that the training offered in university coursework or from the school district was particularly beneficial in preparing them to teach ELL students. A clear majority of teachers reported time for both planning and instructional delivery as major obstacles when ELL students are mainstreamed in content area classes. Finally, a majority of teachers (66%) supported making English the official language in the United States. Recommendations for future research and for future policy makers were reported in the final section of the study.

University, Diss., 2000--Freiburg (Breisgau). / Parallelt.: Measurement of single w production and triple gauge boson couplings in e+e- collisions at s=161-189 GeV. Text. engl.

Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2000--Aachen. / Gedr. Ausg. im Physikalischen Inst., Aachen.

Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2000--Aachen. / Gedr. Ausg. im Physikalischen Inst., Aachen.

The need for a more reliable method to select beef heifers to retain as replacement dams has become a concern in the beef industry. Two polymorphisms described in leptin (LEP), p.Arg25Cys, and pro-melanin concentrating hormone (PMCH), g.-134A>T, have already been shown to improve carcass quality in beef cattle. This study was designed to evaluate any additional advantages of these polymorphisms in terms of heifer conception and calving success and lactational milk yield measured indirectly by their calves’ early ADG while they were primarily on lactation. A dominant effect of the dam’s PMCH T allele was observed on improved calf early ADGs in Simmental heifer dams, although not in Angus heifer dams. This effect could be useful in cow-calf operations where calves were suckling their dams for a longer period before sending the cow-calf pairs out to summer pasture. The dam LEP genotype did not show an effect on their calves’ ADG. This was assumed to be due to low body fat reserves of the heifer dams at the age of two years, allowing for only low levels of leptin. Even though heifer conception was not affected by their LEP and PMCH genotypes, it would be worth evaluating their rebreeding success in the presence of these SNPs in the future. The Integral Membrane Protein 2A (ITM2A) was hypothesized as a candidate gene for frame size in cattle. DNA fragments from 20 cattle, matching the predicted exons of the cattle ITM2A gene, were sequenced to determine whether genetic variation existed. However, the sequence obtained based on the predicted cattle ITM2A sequences appeared to be a pseudogene, rather than the actual cattle ITM2A gene, because exons 1, 2, 3 and 5 contained stop codons. Since frame size has been reported to be associated with the reproductive performance of beef dams and their calves’ growth characteristics, it would be useful to characterize this gene once an improved cattle genome assembly is available.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio-Econômico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Serviço Social, Florianópolis, 2006 / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-22T12:45:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 276576.pdf: 766852 bytes, checksum: 6be6e4429e8347a27eb5e3abbbf2d06b (MD5) / As diretrizes desse estudo consistem na discussão e na caracterização dos limites e das potencialidades de realização de uma ação profissional emancipatória no sistema prisional brasileiro, a partir das atribuições descritas pela Lei de Execução Penal/LEP. Para tanto, partimos de uma revisão sócio-histórica e política acerca do cenário de formação da modernidade em relação aos princípios da regulação e da emancipação. A prisão como uma instituição organizada sob os preceitos modernos, é entendida aqui como um fenômeno contemporâneo complexo, permeada por uma série de determinações, antagonismos e através da qual se organiza um processo que seleciona e criminaliza, sobretudo, os segmentos mais vulneráveis da população (jovens, negros e pobres). Ela pauta-se, entre outras coisas, por mecanismos de controle, vigilância e disciplina. A LEP enuncia dois princípios orientadores das prisões no país, o da punição e o da ressocialização, que como aponta a pesquisa, esse último preceito não se realiza. Para analisar as dimensões, as manifestações e os meandros da prisão, conectando-a ao seu contexto de organização e constituição na modernidade e evidenciando a particularidade da instituição prisional brasileira, nos referenciamos metodologicamente pela pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Os resultados do estudo apontam que nas prisões instauram-se processos bastante contraditórios, sendo importante apreendê-los não apenas como um conjunto de manifestação da força, do poder, da punição ou do autoritarismo, mas também como um ambiente que se auto-organiza cotidianamente, produz vida social, cria e recria normas próprias, configura-se como um reflexo do tecido social e vai tecendo saberes, expectativas e também novas contradições que garantem uma mobilidade e possibilidade de superação. Os profissionais técnicos encontram inúmeros limites e profundas dificuldades para realizarem ações com conteúdos mais emancipatórios nesses espaços. Nesse patamar, situamos as contribuições da criminologia crítica, coerente com os pressupostos emancipatórios, como ferramenta teórico-analítica para compreender e potencializar a construção de novas relações profissionais, cuja proposta indica para uma reintegração social emancipatória, seja através da aproximação da prisão com a comunidade local, seja pela articulação com entidades públicas, seja ainda pela orientação de uma ação que vise incentivar a autonomia, a subjetividade e a identidade dos reclusos e de seus vínculos extra-muros. Uma ação, portanto, que busque ser coletiva, refletida e qualificada para, ainda que em diferentes e variados patamares, colaborar no avanço do processo de emancipação, ora pela LEP, ora para além dela, orientando-se por um Estado social máximo e um estado penal mínimo.

Genetic maps are useful tools in breeding programs and evolutionary studies. Since the publication of the first map, several concepts have been proposed and implemented in various mapping software. Each software presents different characteristics for the construction of maps. For example, aspects such as availability of source code, licenses, tutorials, and operating system need to be considered. There are also important points related to the statistical methods employed. In this context, the users\' choice can often be a complicated task. The objectives here were: i) to present the main software with free licenses developed in recent years; ii) construct linkage maps using these software and, iii) evaluate them from the point of view of users. The software considered were: OneMap, Lep-MAP, HighMap, Lep-MAP2, Flipper, Lep-MAP3, ASMap, and GUSMap. This work can guide researchers about the free tools available to construct genetic maps. / Mapas genéticos são ferramentas úteis em programas de melhoramento e em estudos evolutivos. Desde a publicação do primeiro mapa, vários conceitos foram propostos e implementados em vários softwares de mapeamento. Cada software apresenta diferentes características para construção de mapas. Por exemplo, aspectos como disponibilidade do código fonte, licenças, tutoriais e sistema operacional precisam ser considerados. Há ainda pontos importantes relacionados aos métodos estatísticos empregados. Assim sendo, nem sempre a escolha pelos usuários é uma tarefa simples. Os objetivos aqui foram: i) apresentar os principais softwares com licenças gratuitas desenvolvidos nos últimos anos; ii) construir mapas de ligação utilizando esses programas e iii) avaliá-los do ponto de vista dos usuários. Os softwares considerados foram: OneMap, Lep-MAP, HighMap, Lep-MAP2, Flipper, Lep-MAP3, ASMap e GUSMap. Este trabalho poderá orientar os pesquisadores quanto às ferramentas gratuitas disponíveis para construção de mapas genéticos.

Semiclassical theories have proven to be a versatile tool in ultrafast strong field science. In this thesis, the power of classical trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) and quantum trajectory Monte Carlo (QTMC) simulations is celebrated by applying them in various strong field ionization settings. One question to be addressed concerns the way nonadiabaticity in the ionization process manifests itself. It will be shown how the assumption of a vanishing initial longitudinal momentum is the reason for the strong broadening of the initial time spread claimed in a popular nonadiabatic theory. Moreover, it will become clear how the broader time spread of this theory and the non-zero initial longitudinal momenta of another widely applied nonadiabatic theory approximately compensate each other during propagation for typically studied nonadiabatic parameters. However, parameters in the nonadiabatic but still experimentally relevant regime will be found where this approximation breaks down and the two different theories lead to distinguishably different momentum distributions at the detector after all, thus allowing to test which theory describes the situation at the tunnel exit more accurately. After having tunneled through the barrier formed by the laser and Coulomb poten-tial, the electron does not necessarily leave the atom for good but can be captured in a Rydberg state. A study of the intensity-dependence of the Rydberg yield will reveal, among other things, nonadiabatic effects that can be used as an independent test of nonadiabaticity in strong field ionization. Moreover, it will be shown that the duration of the laser pulse can be used to control both the yield and principal quantum number distribution of Rydberg atoms. The highly enhanced and spatially inhomogeneous fields close to a nanostructure are another setting in which atoms can be ionized. Here, the emergence of a prominent higher energy structure (HES) in the spectrum of photoelectrons will be reported. The narrow time-window in which the corresponding electrons are released suggests a promising method for creating a localized source of electron pulses of attosecond duration using tabletop laser technology. Having such potential applications in mind, analytical expressions are derived to describe the electrons’ motion in the inhomogeneous field, thus being able to control the spectral position and width of the HES. Moreover, a unifying theory will be developed in which the recently reported experimental finding of a low-energy peak (LEP) can be understood to arise due to the same mechanism as the theoretically predicted HES, despite those two effects having been found in different energy regimes so far. This unifying theory will show how the well-established experimental technique in which the LEP was reported, i.e. ionization directly from the nanotip rather than from atoms in its vicinity, should allow the realization of a prominent and narrow peak at higher energies as it was theoretically described in the framework of the HES. Despite being much weaker, the spatial inhomogeneity of the Coulomb potential can influence the photoelectron spectrum as well. It will be shown how the asymmetric Coulomb potential of a tilted diatomic molecule introduces an asymmetry in the photoelectron momentum distribution at the detector. The degree of asymmetry depends on whether the electron is born at the up- or downfield atom. This information is then used to quantify the ratio of ionization from the up- and downfield site from experimental photoelectron momentum distributions.

Semiclassical theories have proven to be a versatile tool in ultrafast strong field science. In this thesis, the power of classical trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) and quantum trajectory Monte Carlo (QTMC) simulations is celebrated by applying them in various strong field ionization settings. One question to be addressed concerns the way nonadiabaticity in the ionization process manifests itself. It will be shown how the assumption of a vanishing initial longitudinal momentum is the reason for the strong broadening of the initial time spread claimed in a popular nonadiabatic theory. Moreover, it will become clear how the broader time spread of this theory and the non-zero initial longitudinal momenta of another widely applied nonadiabatic theory approximately compensate each other during propagation for typically studied nonadiabatic parameters. However, parameters in the nonadiabatic but still experimentally relevant regime will be found where this approximation breaks down and the two different theories lead to distinguishably different momentum distributions at the detector after all, thus allowing to test which theory describes the situation at the tunnel exit more accurately. After having tunneled through the barrier formed by the laser and Coulomb poten-tial, the electron does not necessarily leave the atom for good but can be captured in a Rydberg state. A study of the intensity-dependence of the Rydberg yield will reveal, among other things, nonadiabatic effects that can be used as an independent test of nonadiabaticity in strong field ionization. Moreover, it will be shown that the duration of the laser pulse can be used to control both the yield and principal quantum number distribution of Rydberg atoms. The highly enhanced and spatially inhomogeneous fields close to a nanostructure are another setting in which atoms can be ionized. Here, the emergence of a prominent higher energy structure (HES) in the spectrum of photoelectrons will be reported. The narrow time-window in which the corresponding electrons are released suggests a promising method for creating a localized source of electron pulses of attosecond duration using tabletop laser technology. Having such potential applications in mind, analytical expressions are derived to describe the electrons’ motion in the inhomogeneous field, thus being able to control the spectral position and width of the HES. Moreover, a unifying theory will be developed in which the recently reported experimental finding of a low-energy peak (LEP) can be understood to arise due to the same mechanism as the theoretically predicted HES, despite those two effects having been found in different energy regimes so far. This unifying theory will show how the well-established experimental technique in which the LEP was reported, i.e. ionization directly from the nanotip rather than from atoms in its vicinity, should allow the realization of a prominent and narrow peak at higher energies as it was theoretically described in the framework of the HES. Despite being much weaker, the spatial inhomogeneity of the Coulomb potential can influence the photoelectron spectrum as well. It will be shown how the asymmetric Coulomb potential of a tilted diatomic molecule introduces an asymmetry in the photoelectron momentum distribution at the detector. The degree of asymmetry depends on whether the electron is born at the up- or downfield atom. This information is then used to quantify the ratio of ionization from the up- and downfield site from experimental photoelectron momentum distributions.

Le Pays de Gex est une zone de transition entre le Jura et le bassin lémanique. La diversité des dépôts (calcaires karstifiés, molasse marna-gréseuse et conglomératique, alluvions fluviatiles et glaciaires) a justifié d'importantes investigations d'ordre géologique et hydrogéologique, dans le cadre de programmes de recherche en eau et du projet LEP. Le grand nombre de données ainsi accumulé a permis d'expliciter le comportement des différents aquifères et de déterminer leurs relations. L'analyse de la lithologie et des remplissages karstiques faite à partir des observations de surfaces, dans les forages et dans le tunnel LEP, a mis en évidence une nappe (de type karstique et/ou de fissures) dans les niveaux carbonatés formant l'ossature du chainon jurassien. L'étude de la piézomètrie et l'évaluation des volumes d'eau infiltrée concernant plusieurs années ont montré que les limites de ce réservoir de montagne fluctuent, selon l'importance du stimulus pluviométrique et l'état de l'aquifère. A l'intérieur de ce dernier différents modes d'écoulement ont été définis et ceia à partir du suivi des débits et des caractères physico-chimiques des eaux des émergences et du tunnel. L'étude du remplissage alluvial et de la molasse (prospections géophysiques, forages, tunnel) a permis, d'une part de définir les niveaux aquifères ainsi que leur géométrie et, d'autre part, de proposer une hypothèse sur la configuration des dépôts et de son influence sur l'hydrogéologie, en fonction des phases glaciaires et interglaciaires. De plus à partir des données hydreclimatiques, piézomètriques et débimètriques, différents types de relation, entre les bassins de montagne et de plaine, ont été mis en évidence. Les phénomènes observés ne sont pas spécifiques au secteur d'étude, c'est pourquoi les conclusions issues de ce travail sont rassemblées sous la forme d'Un modèle théorique; ainsi elles pourront être appliquées à d'autres systèmes similaires