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No description available.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da concentração subletal de 0,3 ppm da FSA de petróleo em parâmetros do sistema imune inato e hepático de Rachycentron canadum após o período de 7 e 14 dias. Observou-se uma diminuição do fator de condição dos animais expostos por 14 dias, comparado ao grupo controle. A contagem diferencial de leucócitos mostrou um aumento do número de leucócitos após 7 dias, e uma diminuição destes após 14 dias. A atividade da enzima lisozima no grupo exposto por 14 dias foi maior em comparação ao grupo controle. Foram observadas, ainda, alterações nos tecidos branquiais, renais e hepáticos, após análises histológicas nos grupos expostos a FSA. Notou-se um aumento do índice hepatossomático e da atividade da enzima AST dos animais expostos a FSA. Não foi observada atividade da enzima ALT em todos os grupos. Conclui-se que a concentração de 0,3 ppm da FSA de petróleo altera parâmetros do sistema imune inato e hepáticos de R. canadum, podendo causar imunossupressão e comprometimento do sistema de biotransformação. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sublethal concentration of 0.3 ppm of the petroleum WSF in parameters of the innate immune system and hepatic of Rachycentron canadum, after the periods of 7 and 14 days. It was observed a decrease in condition factor of animals exposed for 14 days compared to control group. The differential leukocyte count showed an increased number of total leukocytes after 7 days and decreased after 14 days. The activity of the lysozyme enzyme in group exposed for 14 days was higher compared to the control group. There were, also, changes in gill, kidney and liver tissues in groups exposed to WSF of petroleum for 7 and 14 days. It was noted an increase of the hepatosomatic index and AST enzyme activity of animals exposed WSF. It was not observed activity of the enzyme ALT in all groups. It was concluded that the sublethal concentration of 0.3 ppm of the WSF of petroleum alters parameters of the innate immune system and hepatic of R. canadum that may cause immunosuppression and biotransformation system impairment.

A Virola surinamensis, também conhecida como ucuúba branca, é muito difundida na floresta amazônica e, popularmente, usada no tratamento de erisipelas, cólicas e dispepsias. Estudos experimentais demonstraram atividades anti-parasitárias de diferentes componentes da planta contra Schistosoma mansoni, Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania donovani e Trypanosoma cruzi. Com a possibilidade de utilização farmacológica da planta evidencia-se a necessidade de avaliar os possíveis efeitos sobre o sistema hematopoético. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar os efeitos da grandisina, uma lignana extraída da Virola surinamensis, sobre o sistema hematopoético, em camundongos. Para tanto, foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: números globais de eritrócitos, leucócitos e plaquetas no sangue periférico, celularidade na medula óssea e baço (utilizando câmara de Neubauer); contagem diferencial de leucócitos no sangue periférico e medula óssea (em extensões coradas com May-Grünwald/ Giemsa); caracterização da população de linfócitos da medula óssea e baço (por imunocitoquímica). A grandisina, em dose única de 100?g/g de peso corpóreo induziu, no sangue periférico, diminuição significativa do número de leucócitos totais, linfócitos e neutrófilos, após 7 e 14 dias, e redução significativa do número de monócitos, após 14 dias do tratamento. Houve uma tendência de aumento do número de células nucleadas da medula óssea após 7 dias da administração da substância, com aumento significativo após 14 dias do tratamento, mas não ocorreu nenhuma alteração na celularidade do baço. Foi observado aumento das células da linhagem linfocítica e monocítica em evolução, na medula óssea, após 7 e 14 dias do tratamento, enquanto no sangue periférico, o número de linfócitos e monócitos continuaram reduzidos. A grandisina, na dose de 100?g/g de peso corpóreo, por cinco dias, provocou uma redução no número de leucócitos, linfócitos, monócitos e neutrófilos no sangue periférico após 7 dias do tratamento. Houve uma tendência de redução do número de leucócitos, linfócitos e monócitos, com redução significativa do número de neutrófilos, após 14 dias da administração da substância. O número de células da medula óssea reduziu, após 7 e 14 dias do tratamento. Quanto a celularidade do baço, não foi observado qualquer alteração. Ocorreu ainda uma redução no número de células mononucleares e polimorfonucleares em evolução na medula óssea, após 7 e 14 dias do tratamento. No experimento de dose única, a imunohistoquímica dos sedimentos medulares mostrou uma tendência de diminuição do número de Linfócitos T totais, Linfócitos T imaturos e Linfócitos B, após 14 dias do tratamento. No experimento de dose seriada houve redução destas populações de linfócitos, após 7 e 14 dias do tratamento, somente na medula óssea. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo demonstram que a dose de 100?g/g de peso corpóreo, tanto em dose única como seriada, causa importantes alterações nas células sanguíneas indicando que, para o uso terapêutico, doses inferiores a estas devem ser avaliadas. / Virola surinamensis, also known as ucuuba branca, is widespread in the Amazon forest and, popularly, used in the treatment of erysipelas, colic and dyspepsia. Experimental studies have shown antiparasitic activities of different components of the plant against Schistosoma mansoni, Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma cruzi. The potential pharmacological use of the plant points towards the need to evaluate the possible effects on the hematopoietic system. The present work aims to verify the effects of grandisin, a lignan extracted from Virola surinamensis, on the hematopoietic system of mice. The following parameters were evaluated: the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets on peripheral blood, cell counts on bone marrow and spleen (with Neubauer chamber); differential leukocyte count on peripheral blood and bone marrow (on smears stained with May-Grünwald/Giemsa); the characterization of lymphocytes on bone marrow and spleen (by immunocytochemistry). The grandisin in a single dose of 100?g/g of body weight induced, on peripheral blood, significant decrease in the total count of leukocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils, after 7 and 14 days and a significant decrease in the number of monocytes, after 14 days of treatment. A tendency in the increase of nucleated bone marrow cells occurred after 7 days of administration of the substance, with a significant increase after 14 days of treatment, but no alteration in the spleen cells occurred. An increase in the cells of lymphocytic and monocytic lineages was observed in evolution, in bone marrow after 7 and 14 days of treatment whereas in peripheral blood the number of lymphocytes and monocytes maintained low. Grandisin, administered during five consecutive days with a daily dose of 100?g/g of body weight, caused a decrease in the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils in peripheral blood after 7 days of treatment. A tendency of decrease in the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes occurred with a significant decrease in the number of neutrophils, after 14 days of administration of the substance. The number of bone marrow cells decreased after 7 and 14 days of treatment. For the spleen cells no alterations were observed. A decrease in the number of mononuclear and polimorfonuclear cells in evolution on bone marrow after 7 and 14 days of treatment was observed. In a single dose experiment, the immunocytochemistry of medullar sediments showed a tendency of decrease in the total number of T lymphocytes, T immature lymphocytes and B lymphocytes after 14 days of treatment. The serial dose caused a decrease in the population of lymphocytes after 7 and 14 days of treatment in bone marrow. The results obtained in this study demonstrated that the dose of 100?g/g of body weight, either in single or in serial doses, cause important alterations on blood cells indicating that for therapeutic use inferior doses must be evaluated.

Leukocytes play a central role in protecting the body against infectious organisms and their research is essential for understanding the mechanisms of immunity. By studying leukocytes across a range of species, insights are provided into differing strategies employed to ensure resistance to disease. Surprisingly, the structure and function of marsupial leukocytes has received very limited study. Marsupials represent a major evolutionary pathway with distinct differences in reproduction and development from placental mammals. These differences in the life history of marsupials place unique challenges on the immune system, and differences in leukocyte structure and function could be reasonably expected. In this thesis, studies were undertaken to examine the cytochemical, ultrastructural and functional features of leukocytes from species of marsupials, belonging to the family Macropodidae (kangaroos and wallabies). The aim of these studies was to elucidate the characteristics of macropodid leukocytes and to compare and contrast these features with the known characteristics of other mammalian leukocytes. Leukocytes from two species of macropodid, the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) and the western grey kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosis), formed the basis of this study with additional material provided from quokka (Setonix brachyurus), woylie (Bettongia pencillata) and red kangaroo (Macropus rufus). Staining characteristics of cells were examined following reaction with Sudan black B, peroxidase, chloroacetate esterase, naphthyl butyrate esterase, alkaline phosphatase and periodic acid-Schiff. Peroxidase and Sudan Black B reactions were similar to domestic animal species but chloroacetate esterase and naphthyl butyrate esterase were unreliable as markers for macropodid neutrophils and monocytes, respectively. Significant variation in staining for alkaline phosphatase was seen between species of macropodid. Tammar wallabies and quokka demonstrated strong neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity whereas western grey kangaroos, red kangaroos and woylies contained no activity within their leukocytes. Peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase cytochemistry were also assessed at the ultrastructural level with transmission electron microscopy. This allowed the identification of distinct granule populations within macropodid neutrophils. Two subcellular compartments containing alkaline phosphatase activity were identified within tammar wallaby neutrophils. These were considered equivalent to secretory vesicles and a subpopulation of specific granules. Tubular vesicles containing alkaline phosphatase were also identified within the eosinophils of tammar wallabies. These structures were a novel finding having not been reported previously in the eosinophils of other animal species. In addition to cytochemistry, the general ultrastructure of leukocytes from tammar wallabies and western grey kangaroos were reported. Results were similar to previous reports for other marsupial species. The current body of knowledge was extended by the first detailed description of the ultrastructure of basophils in a marsupial. To assess functional aspects of macropdid neutrophils, flow cytometric assays were performed examining oxidative burst responses and phagocytosis. Reactive oxygen species were generated by neutrophils from tammar wallabies and western grey kangaroos in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate but not N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe or opsonised bacteria. Phagocytosis of opsonised bacteria was also measured in neutrophils from tammar wallabies, which was poor in contrast to ovine neutrophils. However, flow cytometric studies were limited by sample preparation. Further optimisation of isolation methods for tammar wallaby leukocytes should be undertaken before dogmatic conclusions are drawn. Overall, the results of this thesis demonstrate that, in the areas examined, the general characteristics of leukocyte structure and function of mammals are present in macropodids. However differences were identified both within and outside of the macropodid group. These differences have important ramifications for the use of ‘model’ species in the study of leukocyte biology in marsupials. The results also provide potentially useful tools for the clinical diagnosis of haematological disease in macropodids and may be of interest to those studying comparative and evolutionary aspects of leukocyte structure and function.

Diss. (sammanfattning). Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2003. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 7 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.S. )--University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2008. / Title from title page screen (viewed on July 31, 2008). Research advisor: Edwin L. Thomas, Ph.D. Document formatted into pages (xi, 50 p. : ill.). Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-50).

Thesis (M.D.)--University of Copenhagen. / Summary in Danish. Bibliography: p. 47-59.

Thesis (doctoral)--University of Uppsala, 1983. / Bibliography: p. 32-37.