abstract: A large body of research links victimization to various harms. Yet it remains unclear how the effects of victimization vary over the life course, or why some victims are more likely to experience negative outcomes than others. Accordingly, this study seeks to advance the literature and inform victim service interventions by examining the effects of violent victimization and social ties on multiple behavioral, psychological, and health-related outcomes across three distinct stages of the life course: adolescence, early adulthood, and adulthood. Specifically, I ask two primary questions: 1) are the consequences of victimization age-graded? And 2) are the effects of social ties in mitigating the consequences of victimization age-graded? Existing data from Waves I (1994-1995), III (2001-2002), and IV (2008-2009) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) are used. The Add Health is a nationally-representative sample of over 20,000 American adolescents enrolled in middle and high school during the 1994-1995 school year. On average, respondents are 15 years of age at Wave I (11-18 years), 22 years of age at Wave III (ranging from 18 to 26 years), and 29 years of age at Wave IV (ranging from 24 to 32 years). Multivariate regression models (e.g., ordinary least-squares, logistic, and negative binomial models) are used to assess the effects of violent victimization on the various behavioral, social, psychological, and health-related outcomes at each wave of data. Two-stage sample selection models are estimated to examine whether social ties explain variation in these outcomes among a subsample of victims at each stage of the life course. The results indicate that the negative consequences of victimization vary considerably across different stages of the life course, and that the spectrum of negative outcomes linked to victimization narrows into adulthood. The effects of social ties appear to be age-graded as well, where ties are more protective for victims of violence in adolescence and adulthood than they are in early adulthood. These patterns of findings are discussed in light of their implications for continued theoretical development, future empirical research, and the creation of public policy concerning victimization. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Criminology and Criminal Justice 2015

abstract: Life course criminology is characterized by a two-pronged approach to research. The first branch emphasizes social integration and involvement with pro-social institutions as turning points in the criminal career. The second branch of this work assesses how access to the institutions that facilitate social integration are conditioned by factors such as involvement in the criminal justice system. Theories of capital are chiefly concerned with social integration and the continuity of conventionality, conformity, and prosperity offered through social ties and social networks. Absent from life course criminology is a better understanding of how different forms of criminal capital can influence access to institutions like higher education, marriage, and employment during the transition to adulthood. Drawing on insights from distinct bodies of literature on peers, capital, and status attainment, the present study elaborates on the influence of criminal capital for (un)successful transitions to adulthood. Using three waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (“Add Health”), the effects of adolescent criminal social capital on criminal cultural and human capital, and subsequent educational, occupational, and marital attainment in early adulthood are examined. Results from a series of regression models demonstrate that criminal social capital has minimal effects on fatalistic beliefs or thoughtful and reflective decision making, and that these forms of criminal capital generally have inconsistent effects on later life transitions. Implications for theory and future research are discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Criminology and Criminal Justice 2016

L'objectif de cette thèse est de questionner les expériences individuelles du vieillissement dans un contexte de structuration d'une politique de prévention. Il s'agit tout d'abord de questionner le sens de l'élaboration d'une politique de prévention de la dépendance en vue de « bien vieillir » et de mettre à jour la production sociale d'un discours sur les parcours du vieillir. Une lecture foucaldienne, en termes de gouvernement des corps, fait apparaitre la prévention dans le vieillissement comme une tentative de définition des pratiques et des modes de vie de la vieillesse, par une sécurisation et une normalisation des parcours individuels de vieillissement. La recherche restitue alors la diversité des acteurs qui concourt à la constitution de carrières institutionnelles autour de la dépendance – la prévention venant en amont : des acteurs politiques tout d'abord, qui ont participé à la mise sur l'agenda gouvernemental d'une nouvelle forme de problématisation de la vieillesse, en s'appuyant sur des recherches scientifiques sur le « vieillissement réussi », élaborées par des gériatres et des psychologues à la fin des années 90. La politique de prévention implique également des acteurs traditionnels des politiques de la vieillesse et du vieillissement : les caisses de retraite du régime général et les caisses de retraite complémentaire, par leurs fonds d'action sociale, mettent en œuvre des programmes d'action orientés vers les plus « fragiles » des retraités et participent à la construction du champ de la prévention de la dépendance. La thèse, qui repose sur une mise en confrontation du discours des personnes âgées et du discours de la prévention, montre l'écart qui existe entre celles et ceux qui vivent la vieillesse et ceux qui la traitent et tentent de la prendre en charge, et remet en cause les périodisations de la vie que les politiques publiques contribuent à construire. Une sociologie des parcours de vie pointe le fait que l'expérience du vieillissement et le rapport à la prévention sont dépendants de l'inscription dans des classes sociales particulières. L'ancrage social est apparu comme fortement discriminant des pratiques quotidiennes, des modes de vie, des capacités et des compétences mobilisées et mobilisables, tout autant que des perceptions des parcours de vie et des trajectoires de vieillissement. Le vieillissement apparait alors dans cette étude comme un temps de maturation, lors duquel les individus relisent leur passé, à la faveur des événements centraux de leur parcours de vie et de l'idée qu'ils se font de leur futur. / The objective of this thesis is to question the individual experiences of aging in the context of structuring a prevention policy. This is first of all to question the direction of policy development for the prevention of dependence in order to "aging well" and to update the social production of a speech on the route of the old. A reading Foucault in terms of government bodies, brings up prevention in aging as an attempt to define practices and lifestyles of old age, a security and standardization of individual pathways of aging. The search then returns the diversity of actors contributing to the creation of institutional careers around dependence - prevention from upstream: the political actors first, who participated in setting the agenda for a new government problematization form of old age, based on scientific research on the "successful aging", developed by geriatricians and psychologists in the late 90s. Prevention policy also involves traditional actors of old age policies and aging: the cases of the state pension and supplementary pension funds, through their social action fund, implement actions for “frailty" retired and participate in the construction of the field of prevention of dependence. The thesis, based on a formal comparison of the speech of the elderly and speech of prevention, shows the gap between those who are aging and those who treat it and try to take in charge, and questions the periodization of life that public policies build. A sociology of life course points to the fact that the experience of aging and to prevention are dependent on position on special social classes. The social roots appeared to be highly discriminating concerning daily practices, lifestyles, abilities and skills mobilized, as well as perceptions of life course trajectories and aging. Aging then appears in this study as a time of maturation, during which individuals proofread their past, thanks to the central events of their life course and their perception of their future.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-09-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:58:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigues_ap_me_assis.pdf: 1096259 bytes, checksum: 622839d6ef2c48ddaa5c885467df61bc (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho propõe investigar a re-significação da feminilidade em mulheres da terceira idade. Participaram da pesquisa sete mulheres desta faixa etária, moradoras na cidade de Araçatuba, que freqüentaram um grupo de vivências denominado .Encontros para o bem viver., grupo esse que faz parte da programação do projeto Universidade da Terceira Idade, da Unesp - Campus de Araçatuba. A coleta de dados foi feita através da utilização de entrevista semi-dirigida, realizada nas próprias residências das participantes, sendo estas posteriormente sistematizadas, transcritas e interpretadas para análise qualitativa de seu conteúdo. As análises dos dados foram realizadas através da metodologia de análise do conteúdo proposta por Bardin, que tiveram como eixo a questão do feminino no processo de envelhecimento, ou seja, o entendimento e a compreensão da mulher frente à sua condição nesta fase da vida. Tais leituras foram embasadas também na noção do curso de vida e em autores que trabalham com a temática da velhice. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a feminilidade é vivenciada de formas variadas. Algumas relatam mudanças importantes para a feminilidade, muitas vezes acompanhadas ou a partir de eventos como a viuvez, doenças inesperadas, separações e aposentadoria. Outras, no entanto, não perceberam quaisquer alterações significativas em suas vidas. No tocante às re-significações da feminilidade, foi possível verificar que as principais mudanças de sentido situam-se no plano da sociabilidade, com o aumento de amizades; no plano da autonomia pessoal, com a sensação de conquista de maior liberdade e no plano das realizações, com a concretização de aspirações, sonhos e desejos até então cerceados. / This study aims to investigate the resignificance of femininity for old women. The research was conducted through analyses of seven participant.s interviews. The participants' profile matched as old women; who lived in Araçatuba city, and were engaged in a weekly group named Meetings for Well-being, which was sponsored by the Open University for Elderly - UNESP- Campus of Araçatuba. The data were collected through semidirective interviews, which were performed in the participants' own residences, being later these systematized, transcribed and interpreted for qualitative analyses of your content. The interpretation of the data were accomplished through the methodology proposed by Bardin focusing on feminine's perspective for the aging process, in other words, the women's cognition about their condition facing that phase of life. The analyses were also based on the life course theory and other authors who studied the aging process. The results suggest that femininity is expressed in varied forms. Some individuals refer important changes, frequently linked with events, for example, widowhood, unexpected diseases, separations and retirement. By the other hand, others didn't notice any significant changes in their lives. Concerning the resignificance of femininity, it was possible to observe the most important shifts were related to the level of sociability with the increased number of friendships, in the level of personal autonomy, with the sensation of conquering expanded freedom, and in the level of accomplishments, with the materialization of goals, dreams and desires, which were formerly precluded.

Orientador: José Sterza Justo / Banca: Meyre Eiras de Barros Pinto / Banca: Luiz Carlos da Rocha / Resumo: Este trabalho propõe investigar a re-significação da feminilidade em mulheres da terceira idade. Participaram da pesquisa sete mulheres desta faixa etária, moradoras na cidade de Araçatuba, que freqüentaram um grupo de vivências denominado .Encontros para o bem viver., grupo esse que faz parte da programação do projeto Universidade da Terceira Idade, da Unesp - Campus de Araçatuba. A coleta de dados foi feita através da utilização de entrevista semi-dirigida, realizada nas próprias residências das participantes, sendo estas posteriormente sistematizadas, transcritas e interpretadas para análise qualitativa de seu conteúdo. As análises dos dados foram realizadas através da metodologia de análise do conteúdo proposta por Bardin, que tiveram como eixo a questão do feminino no processo de envelhecimento, ou seja, o entendimento e a compreensão da mulher frente à sua condição nesta fase da vida. Tais leituras foram embasadas também na noção do curso de vida e em autores que trabalham com a temática da velhice. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a feminilidade é vivenciada de formas variadas. Algumas relatam mudanças importantes para a feminilidade, muitas vezes acompanhadas ou a partir de eventos como a viuvez, doenças inesperadas, separações e aposentadoria. Outras, no entanto, não perceberam quaisquer alterações significativas em suas vidas. No tocante às re-significações da feminilidade, foi possível verificar que as principais mudanças de sentido situam-se no plano da sociabilidade, com o aumento de amizades; no plano da autonomia pessoal, com a sensação de conquista de maior liberdade e no plano das realizações, com a concretização de aspirações, sonhos e desejos até então cerceados. / Abstract: This study aims to investigate the resignificance of femininity for old women. The research was conducted through analyses of seven participant.s interviews. The participants' profile matched as old women; who lived in Araçatuba city, and were engaged in a weekly group named "Meetings for Well-being", which was sponsored by the Open University for Elderly - UNESP- Campus of Araçatuba. The data were collected through semidirective interviews, which were performed in the participants' own residences, being later these systematized, transcribed and interpreted for qualitative analyses of your content. The interpretation of the data were accomplished through the methodology proposed by Bardin focusing on feminine's perspective for the aging process, in other words, the women's cognition about their condition facing that phase of life. The analyses were also based on the life course theory and other authors who studied the aging process. The results suggest that femininity is expressed in varied forms. Some individuals refer important changes, frequently linked with events, for example, widowhood, unexpected diseases, separations and retirement. By the other hand, others didn't notice any significant changes in their lives. Concerning the resignificance of femininity, it was possible to observe the most important shifts were related to the level of sociability with the increased number of friendships, in the level of personal autonomy, with the sensation of conquering expanded freedom, and in the level of accomplishments, with the materialization of goals, dreams and desires, which were formerly precluded. / Mestre

abstract: Criminologists have directed significant theoretical and empirical attention toward the institution of marriage over the past two decades. Importantly, the momentum guiding this line of research has increased despite the fact that people are getting married far less often and much later in the life course than in any point in American history. The aim of this dissertation is to address this disconnect by focusing attention to nonmarital romantic relationships and their instability during emerging adulthood. To do so, it uses data from the Pathways to Desistance Study, a longitudinal study of 1,354 at-risk males and females who were adjudicated from the juvenile and adult systems in Phoenix and Philadelphia between 2000 and 2003. The project focuses attention to the following issues: (1) the effect of romantic dissolution on aggressive and income-based offenses; (2) the extent to which strain/negative emotionality and peer influence/exposure account for the effect of romantic dissolution on crime; and (3) the extent to which certain relationship and individual circumstances moderate the effect of romantic dissolution. The models reveal a few key findings. First, romantic dissolution is strongly related to an increase in both aggressive and income-based crime, but is more strongly related to income-based crime. Second, the effect of romantic dissolution is reduced when measures of strain/negative emotionality and peer influence/exposure measures are added to models, but the peer influence/exposure measures account for the strongest reduction. Finally, romantic dissolution does not serve as a positive life event among these at-risk youth, but its effect is exacerbated under a number of contexts (e.g. when an individual is unemployed). This study closes with a summary of these findings as well as its key limitations, and offers insight into potential policy implications and avenues of future research. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Criminology and Criminal Justice 2013

This dissertation begins from the classic anthropological observation that how we age is culturally specific, and examines how Ecuador’s “educational revolution” has changed what aging looks like in that country. As Quito's public schools underwent rapid and wide-ranging transformations from 2009-2017, its students and their families also adjusted to new ""youth"" rights and responsibilities. Ethnographic fieldwork on how high school students and their families negotiated these changes in school and at home was analyzed through a life course lens encompassing phenomenological and governmental approaches to time and identity. Here, age identities are shown to emerge from the efforts of formal schooling to define what it means to be a good citizen across the life course. The result is an ethnographic study of a particularly modern relationship between time and youth identity that joins intersectional work on gender, race, and class in considering how categories of social differentiation govern populations. This dissertation theorizes the “age horizon” to analyze age identities through informants’ encounters with a wide variety of temporal guideposts, which subjects use to locate their own identities. It develops the concept of the “citizen life cycle” as the normative life course trajectory that emerges from understanding age as a technology of citizenship. It also contextualizes the citizen life cycle as a single “path” towards national belonging within a much wider and more variable “age horizon.” The concept of the citizen life cycle emphasizes how “youth becoming” gets constructed as a “life stage” within a larger normative “life cycle.” I pay particular attention to the effects of policies, infrastructures, and practices that my informants encounter in their daily attendance in high school.

No description available.

No description available.

Work and family are the central and salient domains in one’s life. Juggling work and family life has become a challenge for many employees and families (Hammer et al., 2005). This study proposed a theoretical model in which work to family enrichment functioned as the mediator between work support (support from supervisor, co-workers and organization) and work well-being (job satisfaction and psychological health), and also examined whether work demand buffered the impact of work support on work well-being. The inclusion of work to family enrichment extends prior research on Job Demands – Resources model (Demerouti & Bakker, 2007), and allows for a more detailed assessment of the effects of work support on work well-being from a perspective of positive organizational behavior. A total of 978 employees in Chinese society were recruited. An exploratory factor analyses and a confirmatory factor analyses supported a 10-item Work Support Scale measuring supervisor support, co-worker support and organization support. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and Sobel Test results showed that work to family enrichment partially mediated the influence of work support on job satisfaction and full mediated the influence of work support on psychological health, whereas the regression results showed that work demand indeed buffered the positive relationship between work support and job satisfaction. Implications for future research on work-family enrichment were discussed.