The theme of this thesis is the duties of members of a Limited Liability Company. Recently experienced legislation about legal relationships of a Limited Liability Company many changes related to the new recodification of private law, made by the Act no. 89/2012 Coll, Civil Code, and by the Act no. 90/2012 Coll., Business Corporations Act. Recodification had very significant impact on some areas of a Limited Liability Companies and duties of theirs members. From this perspective it is a very current theme. The thesis is divided into five chapters. For thesis were used as primary sources laws of the Czech Republic, from secondary sources case law and numerous monographs, articles and commentaries to relevant laws. The most significant changes that directly affected the duties of members of a Limited Liability Company, are minimization of the amount of capital, pushing deposit and liability duties in the background, incorporation of the loyalty to the law, the possibility of acquisition of shares by the company, the possibility of creating more types of shares, the possibility of acquiring a stake in the company from non-owner and many others. The basis of the whole recodification is largely dispositive legislation that puts greater responsibility and prudence on members but creditors as well. The key...

Termination of membership in limited liability company Abstract The thesis deals with meanings of termination of membership in limited liability company, namely by (i) transfer of business interest, (ii), stepping out of the company, (iii) agreement on termination of shareholder's participation in a company, (iv) exclusion of a shareholder, (v) cancellation of shareholder's participation by court, (vi) termination of shareholder's participation due to insolvency proceedings against the shareholder, and (vii) termination of shareholder's participation due to execution towards the shareholder's interest. The thesis further deals with termination of shareholder's participation due to death of the shareholder who is a natural person or winding-up of the shareholder which is a legal entity. After a short foreword follow chapters concerning general issues about the limited liability company as a type of a legal corporation, the rights and obligations of shareholders and the creation and termination of participation in a limited liability company. Chapters dealing with various meanings of termination of shareholder's participation in a limited liability company and a brief conclusion follow. The aim of this thesis is to analyze and clarify some interpretative and application difficulties arising in connection with...

Background: This paper examines contemporary changes and challenges within the Swedish private equity industry and reasons of their existence. Our research stems from the past years’ industry reports pointing out substantial inflows of capital on financial markets as one of the drivers behind high valuations and extended holding periods. Aim: The aim of this paper was to examine and analyse changes on the Swedish private equity market and how Swedish private equity participants experience how demand from investors have transformed and affected the industry. Completion: For this paper, we conducted semi-structured interviews with twelve actors at twelve different private equity firms operating on the Swedish private equity market. The participants were asked about their experiences regarding changes within the Swedish private equity market. Results: Through in-depth interviews we found that there are different views on whether there is too much capital on the private equity market. Frequent opinions were that demand for private equity investments from limited partners have increased, successful general partners see greater access to funding, the funds have increased in size, holding periods have extended and competition for portfolio companies has increased. We also found that some general partners think that the industry is at the top of a private equity cycle and faces a correction in the near future. / Bakgrund: Denna uppsats undersöker samtida förändringar och utmaningar i den svenska private equity-branschen samt orsaken till att dessa finns. Vår undersökning utgår från de senaste årens branschrapporter som pekar ut kraftiga kapitalinflöden på finansiella marknader som en av drivkrafterna bakom höga bolagsvärderingar och allt längre innehavsperioder. Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka och analysera förändringar på den svenska private equity-marknaden och hur svenska private equity-aktörer upplever att efterfrågan från investerare har förändrats och påverkat sektorn. Genomförande: För studien har vi genomfört semistrukturerade intervjuer med tolv aktörer på tolv olika private equity-bolag verksamma på den svenska private equity- marknaden. De medverkande tillfrågades om hur de upplever förändringar på den svenska private equity-marknaden. Resultat: Genom djupgående intervjuer fann vi att det råder delade meningar om huruvida det finns för mycket kapital på private equity-marknaden. Återkommande åsikter var att efterfrågan på private equity-investeringar hos limited partners har ökat, att framgångsrika general partners har lättare att få finansiering till sina fonder, att fonderna har vuxit i storlek, innehavsperioderna har förlängts och konkurrensen om portföljbolag har ökat. Vi fann även att vissa general partners anser att branschen befinner i toppen av en private equity-cykel och står inför en korrigering inom en snar framtid.

Determine the impact of tax reform on tax liability of individual contractor. Tax liability and impact on contractor's decision to change company's legal form.

Private limited liability company is a type of limited liability company used especially by small and medium-size enterprises. This form of company is very popular in and outside of Czech republic. In the last few years many countries have adopted new laws regulating private limited liability companies. In Czech republic it was Business Corporations Act in 2012 although many provisions were included in other acts. In Denmark this form of company is regulated in Danish Companies Act adopted in 2009. This thesis describes legal regulations on private limited liability companies in both Czech republic and Denmark. Description of Danish regulations is rather thorough since there is limited amount of other sources on this matter in Czech language. The aim of the thesis is to compare these regulations and their positive and negative aspects.

No description available.

No description available.

The population of Hispanic limited-English proficient (LEP) people in the U.S. is growing at a staggering rate. Soon a quarter of the population will be Hispanic, with many of them being LEP. High-quality patient-provider communication is vital to cost-effective healthcare that could improve patient health outcomes. There are not enough Spanish-speaking healthcare providers to serve this growing population. Diversifying the profession is one answer, but will take many years. Professional interpreter services have been proven to be helpful in reducing this language discordance, but they are grossly underused due to barriers such as availability, cost, and quality. These barriers disproportionally affect smaller health clinics, so they instead often rely on the use of bilingual staff members and a patient's bilingual family members for interpretation. This practice diminishes the confidentiality of the visit and can lead to interpretation errors that can negatively impact health outcomes and increase healthcare cost. The possibility of applying formal medical interpreter training (MIT) to qualified bilingual staff members could be a solution to make high-quality interpretation services more readily available to the smaller healthcare clinic. An electronic survey was sent out to Nurse Practitioners through the Coalition of Arizona Nurses in Advance Practice listserv that explored their current interpretation use and their general knowledge and interest in applying MIT to their practice. Of the 29 surveyed, 24% of them spoke Spanish and only 7% "always" used interpretation services to provide care to LEP patients. Bilingual staff members and patients' bilingual family members were often the preferred and most utilized method of interpretation, which seemingly was connected to its ready availability. Although almost all of the providers believed that MIT would improve the interpretive skills of their bilingual staff members, only 62% thought the training would be applicable to their practice, with only 38% believing time and cost would be worth the benefit. Further research is needed to help determine if the cost of MIT implementation actually results in improved interpretation skills and if this benefits the practice and the LEP patient.

Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The structure of Sanlam Limited is continually changing in order to align with the strategy. The aim of this research report is to determine the effectiveness of the current structure and whether it is aligned with the strategy. The current corporate strategy is to become the leader in wealth creation. This will be done through being a leader in all areas of the financial services industry and not only a provider of life insurance. The strategy is currently supported through a structure consisting of four channels, namely a life insurance cluster, investment cluster, short-term insurance cluster, and independent financial services cluster. An analysis of the life insurance cluster shows that Sanlam is currently struggling in the employee benefits sector of the industry but is a definite force in the individual life sector. In the short-term insurance industry Sanlam is represented through a shareholding in Santam. Analysis shows that Santam is currently the dominant player in this industry and should continue to be so in the future. The investment cluster consists of a number of entities with the biggest being Sanlam Investment Management. They currently have a big share of asset under management in the industry and performances are also improving after corrective measures were taken in 2004. It is difficult to compare the independent financial services cluster with other companies as they are present in so many areas of the financial services industry. Determination of the industry attractiveness has shown that all three focus areas of the clusters are fairly attractive, with the short-term insurance market being the most attractive. Competitive strength analysis indicates that the main players in each of the clusters do have competitive strength in their industry, with Santam once again being the most competitive. The results mentioned in the previous paragraphs definitely indicate that Sanlam is focussing on the correct areas and has the strengths to compete in these areas. The only concern is that growth is slowing down in the main contributor to profits, that is Sanlam Life, and they need to find areas of growth or diversification to address this risk. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die struktuur van Sanlam Beperk is gedurig aan die verander om met die strategie belyn te wees. Die doel van die navorsingsprojek is om te bepaal hoe effektief die strukture is en of dit wel belyn is met die strategie. Die huidige korporatiewe strategie is om die leier te wees in rykdom skepping. Dit kan alleenlik gedoen word deur die leier te wees in alle areas van die finansiele dienste sektor en nie alleenlik 'n verskaffer van lewensversekering nie. Hierdie strategie word tans ondersteun deur 'n struktuur bestaande uit vier kanale, naamlik die lewensversekeringskanaal, beleggingskanaal, korttermynversekeringskanaal, en die onafhanklike finansiele dienste-kanaal. 'n Ontleding van die lewensversekeringskanaal loon dat Sanlam tans sukkel in die werknemersvoordele area van die besigheid maar 'n definitiewe sterk verteenwoordigheid het in die individuele lewens area van die besigheid. In die korttermynversekeringskanaal word Sanlam verteenwoordig deur Santam in wie Sanlam 'n aandeelhouer is. Die analise van die industrie toon dat Santam die dominante leier in die area is en so behoort te bly in die afsienbare toekoms. Die beleggingskanaal bestaan uit 'n hele aantal besighede waarvan Sanlam Beleggingsbestuurders die grootste is. Hulle het tans 'n groot persentasie van die bates onder bestuur in die mark en vertoon ook aansienlik beter na korrektiewe stappe geneem is in 2004. Dit is moeilik om die onafhanklike finansiele dienste-kanaal met mededingers te vergelyk aangesien hulle 'n teenwoordigheid het in baie areas van die finansiele dienste sektor. Bepaling van die industrie aantreklikheidsfaktor het getoon dat al die areas waarop die kanale fokus redelik aantreklik is, met die korttermynversekering die mees aanloklikste. Die analise van die kompeterende sterkte het ook aangetoon dat die grootste eenhede in elke kanaal definitief kompeterend is, met Santam weereens die mees kompeterende. Die resultate uiteengesit in die vorige paragrawe toon aan dat Sanlam op die regte areas fokus en ook 'n sterk teenwoordigheid in die areas het. Die enigste rede tot kommer is die feit dat Sanlam Lewens, wat die grootste bydra lewer tot die groep winste, nie groei toon nie. Daar sal dus planne gemaak moet word om die besigheid te groei.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Corporate governance has become the latest business "buzz-word" during the last number of years. It is almost being used as an excuse for too many things that go wrong with, or within, companies. However, the word is not going to disappear from business lexicon, it has come to stay. Too many companies and investors have suffered due to the greed of individuals, appointed to lead and manage the business that have misused their position of trust and enriched themselves in many ways. This could have been brought about by many reasons: • Directors who have not been trained properly for their fiduciary duties and other duties and responsibilities. • Directors who have not been evaluated on their performance as a board or individually. • No formal governance structures within the organisation. • No culture of accountability within the organisation. • Simple greed. This study concentrates on some of the literature, ranging from the Cadbury report released in 1992, the OECD principles and international trends, to the South African King II Report, released in 2002. From the literature, and the recommendations from it, there can be no doubt that the pressure to improve governance structures will become fiercer around the globe. Investors are taking it seriously and are willing to pay a premium for shares in a properly governed enterprise. Directors will have to sharpen their skills in being the primary instrument in preventing further corporate scandals. The importance of their accountability towards the company will be measured when board evaluation no longer is an exception, but the rule, in creating effective boards. Agricol Beherend Limited should be no exception. Although not required to formally comply with the recommendations of the King II Code, it can only be advantageous in striving to long-term sustainability. It is further concluded that entrepreneurship is at the heart of capitalistic society, the sphere in which businesses operate in creating wealth for their investors. This is where the influence and leadership abilities of non-executives play a vital role in creating the environment and culture for enterprises to flourish in. They have to determine the equilibrium between conformance and performance in keeping the entrepreneurial spirit alive, yet complying with best practice principles of corporate governance. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Korporatiewe bestuur, of beheer, het oor die laaste aantal jare die nuutste gebruikswoorde in die besigheidsomgewing geword. Dit word feitlik as verskoning gebruik vir alles wat met, of binne-in, organisasies verkeerd loop. Desnieteenstaande, die woorde gaan nie van die algemene besigheidsspreektaal verdwyn nie, dit het gekom om te bly. Te veel maatskappye en beleggers het gely onder die hebsug van individue wat aangestel is om maatskappye te lei en te bestuur, maar wat hulle vertrouensposisie misbruik het om hulself op verskeie maniere te verryk. Dit kon deur 'n verskeidenheid van redes teweeggebring gewees het: • Direkteure wat nie behoorlik opgelei is in hulle fudisiëre pligte, asook ander pligte en verantwoordelikhede nie. • Direkteure wat nie behoorlik geëvalueer is op hulle prestasie as 'n raad of op individuele basis nie. • Geen behoorlike formele korporatiewe bestuursstrukture binne die maatskappy nie. • Geen kultuur van verantwoording binne die maatskappy nie. • Eenvoudige hebsug. Die studie konsentreer op sekere gedeeltes van die literatuur wat strek van die Cadbury verslag wat in1992 vrygestel is, die OECD beginsels en internasionale tendense, tot by die Suid-Afrikaanse King II verslag wat in 2002 verskyn het. Uit die literatuur, en die aanbevelings daarin vervat, kan daar geen twyfel wees dat die druk om korporatiewe beheerstrukture te verbeter in die toekoms, wêreldwyd, slegs groter sal word nie. Beleggers is besig om ernstig daarna op te let en is selfs bereid om 'n premie te betaal vir aandele in 'n organisasie wat behoorlike korporatiewe bestuur toepas. Direkteure sal hulle vaardighede moet opknap, aangesien hulle die primêre instrument is om verdere korporatiewe skandale te voorkom. Die belangrikheid van hulle verantwoording teenoor die maatskappy sal gemeet word wanneer die evaluering van direksies nie meer die uitsondering is nie, maar die reël, in die samestelling van effektiewe direksies. Agricol Beherend Beperk behoort geen uitsondering te wees nie. Alhoewel dit nie verlang word om formeel aan die aanbevelings van die King II Kode te voldoen nie, kan dit slegs tot voordeel wees in die strewe na langtermyn volhoubaarheid. Die verdere gevolgtrekking is dat entrepreneurskap die kern vorm van 'n kapitalistiese bestel, die ruimte waarin besighede opereer om welvaart vir beleggers te skep. Dit is waar die invloed en leierskapsvaardighede van nie-uitvoerende direkteure 'n belangrike rol speel in die skepping van 'n omgewing en kultuur waarbinne besighede kan floreer. Hulle moet die ekwilibrium bepaal tussen voldoening en prestasie, deur 'n gees van entrepreneurskap, terwyl daar voldoen word aan beste korporatiewe bestuursbeginsels.