This essay is a theory testing study that aims to examine to what extent modernisation promotes democratisation. This is done by applying and testing aspects of Inglehart’s and Welzel’s revised modernisation theory to a case study of a specific country, namely Mongolia. The aspects studied are 1) trust in politicians and the political system, 2) how widespread literacy is within the nation and 3) the mass belief among the Mongolian people. The study shows that elements of each aspect are present in Mongolia and that they have indeed influenced the country’s democratisation. The study concludes by summarising the result of each aspect and stating that Mongolia’s democracy is still developing.

Det svenska murteglets historia har inte tidigare sammanställts med en bredd över tid och rum. Uppsatsen är skriven i syfte att lägga det historiska pussel som kan berätta hur teglet har använts, vem som har använt det och hur det har förändrats i utseende genom århundradena. Detta har gjorts främst genom litteraturstudier, där källorna sträckt sig över en tidsperiod av 2000 år. Bitar ur varje källa har plockats ut och sedan pusslats ihop för att ge en kronologisk bild över historien. Bilden som trädde fram visade hur katolska munkar tog teglet till Sverige. Det dröjde sedan inte länge förrän kronan och kyrkan också började använda sig av materialet. Först på 1700-talet, tack vare husförhörssystemet som gjorde så att seklets barn lärde sig att läsa, fick teglet sitt genomslag då instruktionsböcker skrevs och spreds över landet. På 1870-talet blev tegelindustrin mekaniserad i stor utsträckning, vilket gjorde branschen känslig för svängningar i landets ekonomi. Utifrån detta dras slutsatsen att läskunnigheten och industrialismen inneburit de största blomstringsperioderna i teglets historia. Ironiskt nog innebar också industrialismen teglets fall, dels genom ekonomisk känslighet, dels genom att betongen tilläts ta över. / The complete history of Swedish bricks has not yet been fully compiled. This paper is written with the intention to assemble the historic puzzle which can tell the story of how bricks have been used, who has used them and how their appearance has changed over the course of time. To do this, extensive literature studies have been made, with sources stretching over a period of 2000 years. Bits of each source have been taken to create a chronological picture of its history. The results showed that catholic monks took the knowledge of brick working to Sweden in the 12th century. Soon, the royal power and the church started using brick as well. Despite this, bricks did not get its biggest breakthrough until the 18th century, when a new church law made children learn how to read. Instruction books got released and were read by a fairly large portion of the Swedish population. In the 1870s, the brickyard industry got mechanized, which made the branch sensitive to changes in the country’s economy. From this, the conclusion is drawn that literacy rate and industrial revolution led to the two biggest blooms in the history of bricks. Ironically, the industrial revolution also lead to the descent of the brick industry, partly because of the economic sensitivity, partly because the concrete was allowed to take over.

Geographically, Pakistan is in the western part of south Asia at about 24-37 °N latitudes and62-75 °E longitudes. Livestock and agriculture are two major sectors in Pakistan and play animportant role in the country economy.The tick infestation in livestock is not only devastating for animals and their products but alsobecome the cause of transmission of pathogens into humans. Crimean Congo fever (CCHF) isa viral tick-borne fatal disease. The dissemination of ticks and amplification of Crimean Congofever (CCHF) pathogen throughout the tick-animals-tick cycle, increases risk of transmissionto humans many times. In Pakistan, cases are reported in all areas, particularly those areaswhich lie on the border to CCHF endemic countries. There is a high prevalence of CCHF inboth Baluchistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa regions. Baluchistan is bordering with Afghanistanand Iran and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with Afghanistan. Linear regression analysis revealed apositive significant association of high level of CCHF cases in livestock, with camels, goatsand sheep. The literacy rate is negatively significantly corelated with the numbers of cases.Statistical analysis of border effect revealed a high positive significant correlation of CCHFprevalence in areas near to borders. Both Baluchistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) haslow literacy rate than other regions of Pakistan. Islamabad (capital city) has a higher literacyrate than all other regions but there is still a high CCHF prevalence. This is not only becauseof high population density but people from other regions, particularly from Baluchistan andKPK come here for animals selling or to seeking medical facilities in the large city hospitals.The study gives a proof that illiteracy and borders are the major respondent factors in theCCHF incidences and prevalence in an area. There is a need to raise awareness about ticksand tick-borne disease in the public and establishment of monitoring system across the bordersto prevent the spread of CCHF virus.